• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2024

In this study, to reduce the amount of cement consumed in the production of cementitious composites, the effects of partial replacement of cement weight with nano-silica, silica fume, and copper slag on the mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber-reinforced cementitious composites are investigated. For this purpose, the effect of replacing cement weight by each of the aforementioned materials individually and in combination is studied. A total of 34 mix designs were prepared, and their compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths were obtained for each mix. Among the mix designs with one cement replacement material, the highest strength is related to the sample containing 2.5% nano-silica. In this mix design, the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths improve by about 33%, 13%, and 15%, respectively, compared to the control sample. In the ones with two cement replacement materials, the highest strengths are related to the mix made with 10% silica fume along with 2% nano-silica. In this mix design, compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths increase by about 42%, 18%, and 20% compared to the control sample, respectively. Furthermore, in the mixtures containing three cement substitutes, the final optimal mix design for all three strengths has 15% silica fume, 10% copper slag, and 2% nano-silica. This mix design improves the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths by about 57%, 23%, and 26%, respectively, compared to the control sample. Finally, two relationships have been presented that can be used to predict the values of tensile and flexural strengths of cementitious composites with very good accuracy only by determining the compressive strength of the composites.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.741-746
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• 2010

Three-dimensionally ordered macro-porous Sn-C composites were prepared by using polystyrene microsphere as a template. The Sn-C composites were composed of well-interconnected pore with circular shape and wall structure with wall thickness of a few tens of nano-meters. This porous three-dimensional structure is readily and uniformly accessible to the electrolyte, which facilitates lithium ion diffusion during charge-discharge reactions. The wall thickness of the composites was increased as the increase of Sn content of the composite. From EDS analysis, it is confirmed that the Sn was dispersed uniformly in Sn-C composites. The capacity was increased as the Sn content increased, which is due to Sn anode with high capacity. The Sn-C composites with high Sn content showed superior cyclic performances. Such enhancement is ascribed to the thick wall thickness and small pore size of the sample with high Sn content. The Sn-C composite with Sn 30 wt% showed relatively high capacity and stable cycle life, however, the stability of the 3-dimensional structure should be enhanced by further work.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.499-512
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• 2017

This paper deals with nonlinear dynamic stability of embedded piezoelectric nano-composite separators conveying pulsating fluid. For presenting a realistic model, the material properties of structure are assumed viscoelastic based on Kelvin-Voigt model. The separator is reinforced with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) which the equivalent material properties are obtained by mixture rule. The separator is surrounded by elastic medium modeled by nonlinear orthotropic visco Pasternak foundation. The separator is subjected to 3D electric and 2D magnetic fields. For mathematical modeling of structure, three theories of classical shell theory (CST), first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and sinusoidal shear deformation theory (SSDT) are applied. The differential quadrature method (DQM) in conjunction with Bolotin method is employed for calculating the dynamic instability region (DIR). The detailed parametric study is conducted, focusing on the combined effects of the external voltage, magnetic field, visco-Pasternak foundation, structural damping and volume percent of SWCNTs on the dynamic instability of structure. The numerical results are validated with other published works as well as comparing results obtained by three theories. Numerical results indicate that the magnetic and electric fields as well as SWCNTs as reinforcer are very important in dynamic instability analysis of structure.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.69-97
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• 2017

In this study, nonlinear response of laminated functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) plate under low-velocity impact based on the Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka approach in thermal conditions is studied. The governing equations are derived based on higher-order shear deformation plate theory (HSDT) under von $K\acute{a}rm\acute{a}n$ geometrical nonlinearity assumptions. The finite element method with 15 DOF at each node and Newmark's numerical integration method is applied to solve the governing equations. Four types of distributions of the uniaxially aligned reinforcement material through the thickness of the plates are considered. Material properties of the CNT and matrix are assumed to be temperature dependent. Contact force between the impactor and the laminated plate is obtained with the aid of the modified nonlinear Hertzian contact law models. In the numerical example, the effect of layup (stacking sequence) and lamination angle as well as the effect of temperature variations, distribution of CNTs, volume fraction of the CNTs, the mass and the velocity of the impactor in a constant energy level and boundary conditions on the impact response of the CNTRC laminated plates are investigated in details.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2020

The present paper researches post-buckling behaviors of geometrically imperfect concrete beam resting on elastic foundation reinforced with graphene oxide powders (GOPs) based on finite element method (FEM). Distribution of GOPs are considered as uniform and linearly graded through the thickness. Geometric imperfection is considered as first buckling mode shape of the beam, the GOP reinforced beam is rested in initial position. The material properties of GOP reinforced composite have been calculated via employment of Halpin-Tsai micromechanical scheme. The provided refined beam element verifies the shear deformation impacts needless of any shear correction coefficient. The post-buckling load-deflections relations have been calculated via solving the governing equations having cubic non-linearity implementing FEM. Obtained findings indicate the importance of GOP distributions, GOP weight fraction, matrix material, geometric imperfection, shear deformation and foundation parameters on nonlinear buckling behavior of GOP reinforced beam.

• Composites Research
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.260-264
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 CNT강화 에폭시 복합재의 열기계적 거동을 예측하고 그 경향을 분석하기 위해 분자동역학 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 해석을 수행하였다. 에폭시 내부 CNT의 체적비율을 0~25%까지 총 6개의 모형을 구성하였다. 열적 거동을 보기 위해 300~600 K까지 일정하게 온도를 상승시켰으며, 온도와 비체적 관계를 이용하여 유리전이 온도와 열팽창 계수를 산출하였다. 또한 일정 변형도 하중을 통해 탄성 계수를 산출하여 기계적 거동을 예측하였다. 추가적으로 CNT의 표면처리에 따른 기계적 거동을 분석하였다. 질소 도핑 및 COOH, OH 그룹을 처리한 3개의 모형을 구성하였으며, 각 모형의 탄성 계수 및 경계면 거동에 대한 해석을 수행하였다. 이를 통해 에폭시 내부 CNT의 응집은 열기계적 거동에 교란을 가지고 올 수 있으며, 표면처리는 복합재의 기계적 물성뿐만 아니라 경계면 특성까지도 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.326-332
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 수열 합성법을 이용하여 나노 실리콘이 포함된 구형의 탄소 복합체를 합성하고, 석유계 피치로 코팅하여 제조된 음극 소재의 전기화학 특성을 조사하였다. 수크로스의 몰 농도를 변화시켜 수열합성한 후, 유기 용매로 THF를 사용하여 피치로 코팅된 음극 복합소재를 제조하였다. 제조된 음극 소재는 SEM, EDS, XRD 및 TGA를 사용하여 물리적 특성을 분석하였으며, 1.0 M LiPF₆ (EC : DMC : EMC = 1 : 1 : 1 vol%) 전해액에서 사이클, 율속, 순환전압전류 및 임피던스 테스트를 통해 리튬이차전지의 전기화학 성능을 조사하였다. 1.5 M의 수크로스와 피치를 사용하여 제조된 실리콘/탄소 소재는 구형 형태를 보였으며, 1756 mAh/g의 높은 초기 용량, 50 사이클 후 82 %의 용량 유지율 및 2 C/0.1 C에서 81%의 우수한 속도 특성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2008

전치부 영역에서의 복합 레진을 이용한 수복물의 표면은 착색과 치태 침착이 적어야 하며 치은 조직에 좋은 내성을 갖도록 평활해야 한다. 레진 수복 후 여러 마무리 방법중 blade를 이용한 방법은 치은과 접해있는 변연 부위의 불필요한 레진을 제거하고 마무리하는데 있어 치은 손상을 최소화하면서 간편하게 이용할 수 있는 방법이다. 본 연구의 목적은 현재 많이 사용되고 있는 nano-hybrid composite resin과 ormocer-based compostie resin 간의 여러 가지 마무리 방법에 있어 blade를 이용한 방법과 polishing을 시행한 경우의 표면 거칠기 및 nano계열과 ormocer 계열 복합 레진의 표면 특징을 비교하는 것으로 실험을 위해 가로 6mm, 세로 3mm, 높이 2mm의 금속 주형을 이용하여 레진 블록을 형성하고 대조군은 상면에 mylar strip을 위치시켜 광중합 하였으며, Ormocer - based composite resin ($Admira^{(R)}$)과 nanohybrid composite resin ($Grandio^{(R)}$)에서는 blade를 이용한 경우와 rubber polishing을 이용한 경우를 실험군으로 하였고, ormocer-based flowable composite resin ($Admira^{(R)}$ Flow)과 nanohybrid flowable composite resin ($Grandio^{(R)}$ Flow)에서는 blade를 이용한 경우, rubber polishing을 이용한 경우와 추가적으로 아무것도 시행하지 않은 경우를 실험군으로 하였다. 레진 블록의 표면은 profilometer 및 SEM을 이용하여 거칠기 및 조도를 비교하였으며 통계분석 하였다. 실험 결과 mylar stirp을 적용한 경우 Ra (${\mu}m$) 평균 값은 ormocer-base composite resin이 $0.25{\mu}m$, ormocer-based flowable resin $0.17{\mu}m$, nanohybrid composite resin $0.24{\mu}m$, nanohybrid flowable resin $0.18{\mu}m$ 였으며 blade를 적용한 경우 평균 값은 각각 $0.43{\mu}m$, $0.37{\mu}m$, $0.48{\mu}m$, $0.41{\mu}m$ 였다. 가장 낮은 Ra (${\mu}m$)은 mylar stirp을 적용한 시편에서 얻어졌으며, blade를 이용한 마무리 방법과 rubber polishing을 시행한 경우와 표면 거칠기 비교시 Ra (${\mu}m$)값에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (P>0.05). Nanohybrid composite resin이 blade로 마무리하거나 rubber polishing후 ormocer-based composite resin보다 표면 거칠기 증가율이 좀 더 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과는 blade를 이용한 마무리 방법이 다른 마무리 방법을 대체할 수 있을 것이라는 것을 보여주며, 이에 따라 본 실험 결과에 한정지어 볼 때 복합레진 수복후 마무리 방법으로 blade를 이용하여 시행하는 것이 적용가능 할 것이라 생각된다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2002

Dispersions of non-soluble ceramic particles in a metallic matrix can enhance the strength and heat resistance of materials. With the advent of mechanical alloying it became possible to put the theoretical concept into practice by incorporating very fine particles in a flirty uniform distribution into often oxidation- and corrosion- resistant metal matrices. e.g. superalloys. The present paper will give an overview about the mechanical alloying technique as a dry, high energy ball milling process for producing composite metal powders with a fine controlled microstructure. The common way is milling of a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic powders (e.g. oxides. carbides, nitrides, borides) in a high energy ball mill. The heavy mechanical deformation during milling causes also fracture of the ceramic particles to be distributed homogeneously by further milling. The mechanisms of the process are described. To obtain a homogeneous distribution of nano-sized dispersoids in a more ductile matrix (e.g. aluminium-or copper based alloys) a reaction milling is suitable. Dispersoid can be formed in a solid state reaction by introducing materials that react with the matrix either during milling or during a subsequent heat treatment. The pre-conditions for obtaining high quality materials, which require a homogeneous distribution of small dis-persoids, are: milling behaviour of the ductile phase (Al, Cu) will be improved by the additives (e.g. graphite), homogeneous introduction of the additives into the granules is possible and the additive reacts with the matrix or an alloying element to form hard particles that are inert with respect to the matrix also at elevated temperatures. The mechanism of the in-situ formation of dispersoids is described using copper-based alloys as an example. A comparison between the in-situ formation of dispersoids (TiC) in the copper matrix and the milling of Cu-TiC mixtures is given with respect to the microstructure and properties, obtained.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2008

The dense sintered bodies with >95% theoretical densities were successfully obtained from the $BaZrO_3,\;BaCeO_3,\;Ba(Zr_{0.7}Ce_{0.3})O_3$ solid solution, and core-shell structured $0.7BaZrO_3-0.3BaCeO_3$ composite powders prepared by sol-gel methods. The activation energy of $Ba(Zr_{0.7}Ce_{0.3})O_3$ solid solution calculated from the Arrhenius plot of the proton conductivities was similar to that of $BaZrO_3$. The activation energy of core-shell structured $0.7BaZrO_3-0.3BaCeO_3$ composite, however, was much lower than that of $BaZrO_3$ or $Ba(Zr_{0.7}Ce_{0.3})O_3$ solid solution, and was very similar to that $BaCeO_3$. These results could be assigned to the Ce-rich grain boundary which was clearly observed by EDX in core-shell structured $0.7BaZrO_3-0.3BaCeO_3$ composite.