• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2006

Nano and micro capsulation (NM capsulation) involve the incorporation for nanofood materials, enzymes, cells or other materials in small capsules. Since Kim D. M. (2001) showed that a new type of food called firstly the name of nanofood, which means nanotechnology for food, and the encapsulated materials can be protected from moisture, heat or other extreme conditions, thus enhancing their stability and maintaining viability applications for this nanofood technique have increased in the food. NM capsules for nanofood is also utilized to mask odours or tastes. Various techniques are employed to form the capsules, including spray drying, spray chilling or spray cooling, extrusion coating, fluidized bed coating, liposome entrapment, coacervation, inclusion complexation, centrifugal extrusion and rotational suspension separation. Each of these techniques is discussed in this review. A wide variety of nanofood is NM capsulated - flavouring agents, acids, bases, artificial sweeteners, colourants, preservatives, leavening agents, antioxidants, agents with undesirable flavours, odours and nutrients, among others. The use of NM capsulation for sweeteners such as aspartame and flavors in chewing gum is well known. Fats, starches, dextrins, alginates, protein and lipid materials can be employed as encapsulating materials. Various methods exist to release the ingredients from the capsules. Release can be site-specific, stage-specific or signaled by changes in pH, temperature, irradiation or osmotic shock. NM capsulation for the nanofood, the most common method is by solvent-activated release. The addition of water to dry beverages or cake mixes is an example. Liposomes have been applied in cheese-making, and its use in the preparation of nanofood emulsions such as spreads, margarine and mayonnaise is a developing area. Most recent developments include the NM capsulation for nanofood in the areas of controlled release, carrier materials, preparation methods and sweetener immobilization. New markets are being developed and current research is underway to reduce the high production costs and lack of food-grade materials.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.604-608
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 L-아스코르빈산(L-ascorbic acid: Vitamin C)을 점성이 낮은 비수계 오일상에서의 나노 캡슐화(nano-capsulation)에 대한 기초 연구가 수행되었다. 비수계에서 제조된 나노 캡슐체들은 500 nm 이하 크기를 나타냈으며 유화물형태에서의 평균 입자 크기는 410 nm로 나타났다. 온도와 저장 기간에 대한 안정도는 4, 20, $30^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 30일간 저장했을 때 최초 5일 후에는 5.1, 9.3, 12.5%의 L-아스코르빈산이 캡슐체로부터 유리되어 나왔으나 이후 기간 동안에는 약 1~2% 정도가 유리되어 나왔다. 또한, 남녀 각각 10명의 대상인원에 대한 피부 자극도는 1명만이 2일 후에 아주 미세한 피부 자극이 나타났으며 다른 인원에게서는 무자극성을 나타내었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2020

본 연구는 용해도가 낮은 수용성 활성물질인 바이오틴(biotin)의 안정화 및 용해도 증가를 목적으로 나노리포좀을 활용하였다. 이번 실험을 통해 바이오틴 나노리포좀의 안정성에 pH가 큰 영향을 준다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었으며, pH 상승이 바이오틴 활성에 튼 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다. 또한 제타사이저(zetasizer)로 입자크기, 제타전위(zeta potential) 및 다분산지수(polydispersity index)를 측정하여 안정성을 평가하였다. 입자크기는 평균 100 ~ 250 nm, 제타전위 -80 ~ -30 mV로 나노리포좀 제조가 가능함을 확인하였다. 바이오틴 나노리포좀 내의 바이오틴 캡슐화율(capsulation efficiency)을 측정하기 위해 dialysis membrane method (DMM)를 이용하여 평가하였으며, 이를 통해 알지닌을 첨가시킨 바이오틴 나노리포좀이 일반 바이오틴 나노리포좀보다 캡슐화율이 5 배 높은 것으로 측정되었다. 바이오틴 나노리포좀의 경피흡수율을 측정하기 위해 in vitro franz diffusion cell method를 통해 확인하였으며, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo - TEM)을 통해 바이오틴 나노리포좀이 잘 형성되었는지 확인하였다. 본 논문을 통하여 모발건강과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 소개된 바이오틴을 약물전달체(drug delivery carrier)인 나노리포좀에 캡슐화시켜 기존의 낮은 용해도 및 석출되는 문제를 보완한 바이오틴 나노리포좀을 만들 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.419-426
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• 2004

나노 세라마이드의 캡슐화(Nano-ceramide capsulation)는 세라마이드 III와 토코페릴리놀레이트를 나노 크기의 모노 베지클에 캡슐화시켜 피부각질층에 작용하도록 만든 기술이다. 그 제조에는 고압 마이크로플루다이저를 사용하였으며 조성은 다음과 같다. 모노 베지클의 막 강화제로서 $0.5{\~}5.0\;wt\%의$ 수소첨가레시친과 $0.1{\~}2.0\;wt\%의$ 리소레시친을 사용하였으며, 용제로서 $5.0{\~}10.0\;wt\%의$ propylene glycol과 $5.0{\~}10.0\;wt\%의$ ethanol을 사용하였다. 피부 보습기능과 아토피 치료를 위하여 활성성분인 세라마이드 III와 토코페릴리놀레이트를 사용하였으며 유화제는 함유하지 않았다. 나노 세라마이드 캡슐기술의 최적조건은 다음과 같다. 마이크로플루다이저의 통과압력은 1,000 bar, 통과횟수는 3회, 통과 온도는 $60{\~}70^{\circ}C가$ 적당하였다. 또한, nano capsule의 pH는 $5.8\pm0.5이었다.$ 평균입자크기는 $63.1{\pm}7.34 nm로$ 물과 같은 투명한 성상을 보였으며, 제타포텐셜값은 $-55.1{\pm}0.84mV이었다.$ 임상실험 결과로서, 피부보습효과(in-vivo, n=8, p-value<0.05)는 비교시료보다 $21.15{\%}$ 개선되었으며, 치료 전보다는 $36.31{\%}$ 개선되었다. 더구나, 아토피 피부 효과는 아토피 피부 환자 10명에게서 양성반응을 보였다.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.268-279
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• 2003

The nano capsulation of the ceramide was a technique that capsulated ceramide III and tocopheryl linoleate at the mono-vesicle, so as to act the horny layer in skin. It was used 0.5-5.0 wt% of hydrogenated lecithin and 0.01~2.00 wt% of lysolecithin as the membrane-strengthen agents of the mono-vesicle, 5.0~10 wt% of propylene glycol and 5.0~10.0 wt% of ethyl alcohol made by high-pressure Microfluidizer. To enhance the moisturizing efficacy and treat an atopy skin, used ceramide III and tocopheryl linoleate as the active ingredients, and it was made the nano-capsule that synthetic emulsifiers were free. The optimal condition of capsulation of nano ceramide was as follows. The conditions were 3 times at 1,000bar and 60-7$0^{\circ}C$. The particle size showed 63.1$\pm$7.34 nm such as the transparence water as the results for measuring by the laser light scattering. A zeta potential value was -55.1$\pm$0.84 ㎷. The result of the clinical test, the moisturizing effect (in-vivo, n=8, p-value<0.05) was improved 21.15% compared to control, as well as it was improved 36.31 % before the treatment. Moreover, the effectiveness of atopy skin indicated positive reaction that patients were 10 volunteers.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2000

We investigated the property of formation of mono-vesicle(designated nano-some) with using of the combined co-emulsifiers and phospholipid. Nano-some was prepared with hydrogenated lecithin(HL) and diethanolamine cetyl phosphate(DEA-CP) by swelling reaction. Kojic acid and kojic dipalmitate could be made stabilization by nano-some system using microfluidizer(MF). Nano-some has a good affinity to skin by means of this system. The composition was compounded by 2% of hydrogenated lecithin (phosphatidyl choline contained with 75%, 0.5% of DEA-CP and 0.5% of diglyceryl dioleate (DGDO). To make nano-some, several conditions of MF have to be considered as follows. The optimum pH was 6.0. The pressure was 10,000psi and passage temperature was at $306^{\circ}C$. The nano-some base was passed to homogenize continually 3 times through MF. The Particle size distributions of the vesicles were with in $57{\sim}75.7nm$(mean 66nm) by measuring the Zetasizer-3000. Zeta potential of vesicles with 3 times passage through MF was -24.8mV. Formations for nano-some vesicle certificated photograph by scanning electric magnification (SEM). Stability of nano-some was very good for 6months. The turbidity was very good transparency compared nano-some with liposome. It was formed the mono vesicle in the opposite direction to be formed the multi-lamellar vesicle of liposome.

• Carbon letters
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• 제27권
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• pp.18-25
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• 2018

In this study, graphene oxide(GO) was used as drug carriers to amorphize poorly watersoluble drugs via a co-spray drying process. Two poorly water-soluble drugs, fenofibrate and ibuprofen, were investigated. It was found that the drug molecules could be in the graphene nanosheets in amorphous or nano crystalline forms and thus have a significantly enhanced dissolution rate compared with the counterpart crystalline form. In addition, the dissolution of the amorphous drug enwrapped with the graphene oxide was higher than that of the amorphous drug in activated carbon (AC) even though the AC possessed a larger specific surface area than that of the graphene oxide. The amorphous formulations also remained stable under accelerated storage conditions ($40^{\circ}C$ and 75% relative humidity) for a study period of 14 months. Therefore, graphene oxide could be a potential drug carrier and amorphization agent for poorly water-soluble drugs to enhance their bioavailability.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2008

본 연구는 유용성 물질 포집에 효과적인 solid lipid nanoparticle(SLN)을 이용하여 수용성물질인 LA-PEG을 새로운 제조방법에 응용하여 실험하였다. 지질로 사용된 오일은 coconut oil, macadamia oil, 그리고 jojoba oil 3가지로 이들의 특징은 생분해성이 강하다. 외부유화제로는 Tween 20, Tween 60을 이용하여 T-SLN을 제조하였으며, SLN의 입자 분포를 비교 분석한 결과 coconut oil을 지질로 하여 사용한 것이 크기가 가장 작았으며 사용한 계면활성제의 양에 따라 입자크기와 분포형태가 달라졌다. 1%의 Tween 60과 macadamia oil을 이용한 베이스가 입자크기가 가장 컸다. 방출관찰결과 coconut oil을 지질로 한 2%의 Tween 20의 베이스가 가장 늦게 방출되었고, 가장 빠른 방출한 것은 Tween 60 2% 베이스였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.1041-1051
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• 2020

일본과 유럽에서 시작된 미세버블과 나노버블의 기술은 여러 응용분야에서 적용 가능하고 그 효과 또한 다양하게 나타나고 있어서 많은 연구자 뿐만 아니라 관련 산업 전문가들에게 관심을 받고 있다. 특히 나노버블은 물속에서 수개월 이상 존재 가능하다는 연구로부터 화장품과 같은 액상 형태의 제품에 적용 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 기포캡슐레이션 기법을 이용한 나노버블의 생성과 나노버블을 함유한 기능성 화장품 내 유효물질 3종(Niacinamide(1.6%), Caffeic acid(1%), Ferulic acid(1%))에 대하여 피부투과성 증가 실험을 진행하였다. 나노버블은 유효물질의 피부투과성 증가에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였으며, 나노버블 미함유 물질 대비 최대 250% 피부투과성 증가가 확인되었다(Caffeic acid, 8시간). 이는 화장품 분야 뿐만 아니라 뇌종양과 같은 의약품 투과성에 관련된 분야 등 나노버블 기법에 의한 투과성 향상에 적용 가능한 분야에 연구 성과 및 산업적 파급효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.592-599
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• 2019

This study is to stabilize insoluble and unstable active ingredient which is Idebenone (INCI name: hydroxydecyl ubiquinone) in a multi-lamellar vesicle (MLV) and to stabilize it in the skin care cosmetics. Idebenone is good effective raw material in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in the medical field and a powerful antioxidant in dermatology. It is well known as a substance that inhibits the formation of melanin and cleans the skin pigment. However, it did not dissolve in any solvent and it was difficult to apply in cosmetic applications. Niosome vesicle was able to develop a nano-particle by making a multi-layer of idebenone encapsulated with a nonionic surfactant, hydrogenated lecithin and glycine soja (soybean) sterols and passing it through a high pressure microfluidizer. Idebenone niosome vesicle (INV) has been developed to have the ability to dissolve transparently in water and to promote transdermal penetration. The appearance of the INV was a yellowish liquid having specific odor, and the particle size distribution of INV was about 10~80 nm. The pH was 5~8 (mean=6.8). This capsulation with idebenone was stored in a $45^{\circ}C$ incubator for 3 months and its stability was observed and quantitatively measured by HPLC. As a result, the stability of the sample encapsulated in the niosome vesicle (97.5%) was about 66.3% higher than that of the non-capsule sample of 32.5%. Idebenone 1% INV was used for the efficacy test and clinical trial evaluation as follows. The anti-oxidative activity of INV was 38.2%, which was superior to that of 12.8% tocopherol (control). The melanin-reducing effect of B16 melanoma cells was better than INV (17.4%) and Albutin (control) (9.6%). Pro-collagen synthesis rate was 128.2% for INV and 89.3% for tocopherol (control). The skin moisturizing effect was 15.5% better than the placebo sample. The elasticity effect was 9.7% better than the placebo sample. As an application field, INV containing 1% of idebenone is expected to be able to develop various functional cosmetic formulations such as skin toner, ampoule essence, cream, eye cream and sunblock cream. In addition, it is expected that this encapsulated material will be widely applicable to emulsifying agents for skin use in the pharmaceutical industry as well as the cosmetics industry.