• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2005

Extracts from sawdust of Pinus densiflora were showed antifungal activity against Lentinula edodes. It was extracted by hot water and then successively extracted by n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The yields of the n-hexane-soluble, ethyl acetatesoluble, methanol-soluble and methanol-insoluble fractions of water extracts were 8.2%, 10.6%, 32.0%, and 49.2%, respectively. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed the greatest antifungal activity against L. edodes: 41.5% inhibition at 1,000 ppm. However, there were not significant differences of antifungal activities between n-hexane-soluble fraction and methanol-soluble fraction at a concentration of 1,000 ppm. The hot water extracts showed 23.5% of antifungal activity against L. edodes at a concentration of 1000 ppm. The four antifungal compounds were separated from ethyl acetate fraction by thin layer chromatography.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1076-1081
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• 1998

The purpose of this research was to isolate an active component on immunoytes from 70% MeOH extract of Codonopsis lanceolatae Radix(CLE). CLE was fractionated successively with hexane, methylene chloride, n-butyl alcohol and water, and then the water fraction was separated with molecularporous membrane tubing(m.w. 3,500). Each fraction(50mg/kg) was administered p.o. once a day for 7 days in BALB/c mice respectively. None of these fractions affected the apoptosis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential in thymocyte. Hexane and methylene chloride fractions decreased CD4$^{[-10]}$ CD8$^{+}$ single-positive cells, and the water fraction enhanced CD4$^{+}$ CD8$^{[-10]}$ single-positive cells in thymocyte. The proliferation of thymocytes was decreased by the fraction hexane, but was enhanced by the water fraction. Hexane, methylene chloride and butyl alcohol fractions suppressed the production of nitric oxide, which was not affected by the water fraction. Hexane and butyl alcohol fraction suppressed the phagocytic activity, but water fraction enhanced it. The components(m.w. 3,500 above) separated from the water fraction enhanced the proliferation of thymocyte, the population of CD4$^{+}$ CDB$^{[-10]}$ single-positive cells, and phagocytic activity in macrophage. These results suggest that the stimulative components of proliferation, TH population and phagorytc activity is in the water fraction, and the molecular weight is 3,500 above. (Korean J Nutrition 31(6) : 1076~1081, 1998) 1998)

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2018

This Camptotheca acuminata Decne. (CA), belonging to Nyssaceae, is a deciduous tree. and has been used as Traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. The CA produces camptothecin a natural indole alkaloid, and reported to have anti-cancer effects. But the studies on biological activities of CA leaves are insufficient. Therefore, this study confirmed various biological activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiinflammatory and metabolism analysis by HPLC-MS/MS of CA leaves. The $RC_{50}$ values of DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction, n-Butanol fraction, methanol extraction, water fraction and n-Hexane fraction were $12.23{\pm}0.01$, $15.93{\pm}0.42$, $55.12{\pm}0.45$, $56.29{\pm}4.15$ and $427.29{\pm}6.13ug/mL$, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate fraction, n-Butanol fraction, methanol extraction, n-Hexane fraction and water fraction were $24.29{\pm}0.14$, $47.86{\pm}0.45$, $54.23{\pm}1.21$ $466.76{\pm}2.21$ and $623.91{\pm}9.67ug/mL$, respectively. The nitric oxide release activity of n-Hexane fraction, methanol extraction, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction and n-Butanol fraction were $31.49{\pm}5.74$, $29.79{\pm}0.71$, $26.89{\pm}0.71$, $8.24{\pm}5.83$ and $7.75{\pm}4.08%$ at 25 ug/mL, respectively. The anti-cancer activity of n-Hexane fraction, methanol extraction, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction and n-Butanol fraction were $31.49{\pm}5.74$, $29.79{\pm}0.71$, $26.89{\pm}0.71$, $8.24{\pm}5.83$ and $7.75{\pm}4.08%$ at 25 ug/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction activities showed higher biological activities than other fractions. Thus, Additional studies were conducted using ethyl acetate fraction. Metabolite analysis was performed using a LCMS-8040 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. As a result, Five compounds (1-5) were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction of the CA leave. The identification of these compounds was generated by the analysis of fragmentation methods of the negative and positive ion modes. Five compounds were identified as gallic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), isoquercetin (3), astragalin (4) and camptothecin (5). These results suggest that the CA leave can be used for functional materials.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.282-289
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• 2017

Background: To investigate the possibility of using Asarum sieboldii as an environment-friendly fumigant for protecting organic cultural heritages, the inhibitory effect of A. sieboldii extract against wood rot fungi on Hanji was examined. Methods and Results: The physical, optical, and morphological properties of Hanji inoculated with Trametes versicolor and Tyromyces palustris, and exposed to the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract, were measured. The physical properties were expressed as weight loss, zero-span tensile strength and viscosity and the optical properties were depicted by luminance and chromaticity ($L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$). The results showed that, the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract inhibited the growth of fungi on Hanji, and preserved its condition. At a concentration of 25 mg, the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract maintained zero-span tensile strength, increased viscosity, and restricted discoloration of Hanji. It also was confirmed that the weight of fungi infested Hanji exposed to the extract did not decrease. Scanning electron microscopic images revealed that the spores and hyphae of T. versicolor and T. palustris were not present on Hanji during treatment with > 25 mg of the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract. Conclusions: These results indicate that the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract by virtue of its antifungal effectiveness may help in preserving Korean paper cultural heritages, including Hanji.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.469-476
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• 2000

Inhibitory action of major food components on antimicrobial active substance (linolenic acid) was tested against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 for 72 hr at $30^{\circ}C$. Linolenic acid (50, 1000 ppm) and n-hexane fraction of Mallotus japonicus Muell (50, 1000 ppm) were added to the broth culture medium containing casein(1%, 3%), soybean oil(1%, 3%) and soluble starch (1%, 3%), respectively. Linolenic acid 1000 ppm and n-hexane fraction 1000 ppm exhibited strongly antimicrobial actions on L. monocytogenes which were not detected viable cell after 24 hr. But casein (3%) and soybean oil (3%) strongly diminished the antimicrobial action of 1000 ppm of n-hexane fraction. Soluble starch (1%, 3%) did not affect the antimicrobial action of 1000 ppm of linolenic acid and n-hexane fraction.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.719-724
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• 2018

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium responsible for a number of infections in humans that are difficult to treat, and as a result, is a substantial contributor to morbidity and mortality. In the present study, in search of natural products capable of inhibiting this multidrug-resistant bacterium, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of Lysimachia clethroides Duby root. The antibacterial activities of EtOH extract of Lysimachia clethroides Duby root and its n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH and water fractions were evaluated against 15 strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 1 standard methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strain by using the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) assay, colorimetric assay using MTT test, checkerboard dilution test. Antimicrobial activity of n-hexane fraction of Lysimachia clethroides Duby root was remarkable. Against the 16 strains, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were in the range of $31.25-62.5{\mu}g/ml$ and FICI values for n-hexane fraction of Lysimachia clethroides Duby root+AM and n-hexane fraction of Lysimachia clethroides Duby root+OX were checkerboard method performed using the MRSA, MSSA and one clinical isolate strains via MICI 0.12-1 and 0.25-0.75, showing the increase of synergistic effect. When combined together, these antibiotic effects were dramatically increased. These effective combinations could be new promising agents in the management of MRSA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.307-312
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• 1993

Methanol extract of dried persimmon leaves was fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous tractions. Hexane, butanol, and aqueous fractions had high yields of extracts. Hexane fraction among these fractions showed the highest inhibition rate on the mutagenicities of aflatoxin (AFB$_1$), dimethyl-amino-bi-phenyl (DMAB), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Hexane fraction was further fractionated into eight fractions by silica gel column c-hromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The fraction 5 on TLC exhibited the highest antimutagenic activity on AFB$_1$, DMAB, and MNNC. 1'-oxocannabinol, 3B-acetoxy-17-methyl-5a-18 (13-17) abeoardrost-13-one, 4-methoxy-2'6'-dinitro-3, 5-di-t-butylbiphenyl, 8, 9-dihydro-5, 6-dimethoxy-dibenz ［c, h］isoquino ［2, 1, 8-1 ma］carbazole-11, 16-dione were tentatively identified from this antimutagenic fraction by GC-MS.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.498-503
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxicity and ${\alpha}-Amylase$, ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$, pancreatic lipase inhibition in vitro by different solvent fractions from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata. The values of $IC_{50}$ against Calu-6 cell showed a high effect in n-hexane fraction ($10.13{\mu}g/mL$) whereas DW fraction exhibited the weakest inhibition on cell viability, having an $IC_{50}$ value of over $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. The values of $IC_{50}$ against HCT-116 cell showed the highest activity in n-BuOH fraction ($102.01{\mu}g/mL$), followed by n-hexane fraction ($145.85{\mu}g/mL$), methylene chloride fraction ($332.02{\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction ($462.93{\mu}g/mL$) and DW fracion ($>1,000{\mu}g/mL$). ${\alpha}-Amylase$ inhibitory activity in methylene chloride fraction and ethyl acetate fraction was found to have a higher inhibitory effect with 24.5% and 25.6% than the other fractions. The highest ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ inhibitory activity was observed from the ethyl acetate fraction extract, while the extract of DW fraction showed the lowest level of inhibitory activity at given experiment concentration. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of C. lanceolata was found to have a higher the effect in ethyl acetate fraction. Inhibition of lipase activity of the ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fraction showed a relatively high, while the extract of DW fraction showed the lowest level at given experiment concentration. These results suggested that the roots of C. lanceolata may assist in the potential biological activity on carbohydrate, lipid Inhibitory activity and anticancer activity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 2011

In this study, we evaluated the anti-oxidative, whitening and anti-wrinkle effect of Tetrapanax papyriferum extract. Tetrapanax papyriferum was extracted by two different solvents which were n-Hexane, ethyl acetate. The anti-oxidant activity was measured by free radical scavenging activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical). And the inhibitory activities of tyrosinase for whitening effect and collagenase, elastase for anti-wrinkle were investigated. For anti-oxidant activity, ethyl acetate fraction of Tetrapanax papyriferum extract showed more significant activity than n-Hexane fraction of Tetrapanax papyriferum extract. For whitening activity, n-Hexane fraction of Tetrapanax papyriferum extract exhibited strong inhibition effects compared with reference. Therefore, Tetrapanax papyriferum extract may be useful as a new antioxidant and whitening agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.316-321
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• 2000

This study carried out to eluciate the cancer chemoprevention of Korean native fermented food, baechu kimchi using Comet assay (in other words, single cell microgel electrophoresis). For this purpose, baechu kimchi was fractionated by water, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. 5 strains of dominant fermented bacteria were isolated from baechu kimchi. The water fraction, n-hexane fraction, chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and water insoluble fractions showed no antigenotoxicitie in non-tumoral normal 3T3 cells. Among 5 bacteria isolates from baechu kimchi, two isolates bacteria 1 and 2 strongly inhibited genotoxicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in non-tumoral normal 3T3 cells (p<0.05). Bacteria 3, 4 and 5 were also not antigenotoxic.