• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

The flash point, explosion limits, autoignition temperature(AIT) are important combustible properties which need special concern in the chemical safety process that handle hazardous substances. For the evaluation of the flammable properties of n-butylacetate, this study was investigated the explosion limits of n-butylacetate in the reference data. The flash points, fire points and AIT by the ignition delay time of n-butylacetate were experimented. The lower flash points of n-butylacetate by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers were $24^{\circ}C$ and $26^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of n-butylacetate using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $31^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. And the fire points of n-butylacetate by the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were measured $32^{\circ}C$ and $41^{\circ}C$. The AIT of n-butylacetate measured by the ASTM 659E tester was measured as $411^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit of lower flash point $24^{\circ}C$, which was measured by the Setaflash tester, was calculated to be 1.40 vol%. Also, the upper explosion limit of upper flash point $67^{\circ}C$ the Setaflash tester was calculated to be 12.5 vol%.

• 공업화학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.90-98
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• 1994

구연산-초산-유산계에서 구연산의 반응추출에 영향을 미치는 여러 인자를 규명하기 위하여 추출제로 2급과 3급아민 및 용매화추출제를, 용매로 n-butylacetate, MIBK, kerosine 및 xylene 등을, modifier로서 tributyl-phosphate(TBP)와 isodecanol이 이용되었다. 그 외에 수용액상의 pH와, 온도의 영향을 연구하였고 평형상수도 얻었다. NaOH, $Na_2CO_3$ 및 $K_2HPO_4$ 알칼리 수용액에 의한 재추출 실험도 하였다. 실험결과 구연산의 추출에서 2급아민인 di-isotridecylamine(DITDA)이 추출도와 선택성에서 가장 좋았고 용매로서는 n-butylacetate가, modifier로서는 TBP가 우수하였다. 이외에도 수용액의 pH와 추출계의 온도가 낮을수록 추출도가 높았다. 재추출도는 stripping상의 염기도와 온도가 낮을수록 높아졌고 알카리 농도가 커질수록 높아졌다.

• 공업화학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1994

초산의 반응추출에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 추출제로 2급과 3급 아민 및 용매화 추출제, 용매로 n-butylacetate, modifier로 4-nonylphenol, TBP 및 isodecanol을 이용하였다. 그외에 수용액상의 pH와 온도의 영향을 연구하였다. 실험결과 초산의 추출에서 3급 아민인 tril-n-octyl과 tri-n-decylamine의 50% 혼합 추출제인 MODA가 추출도 및 선택도에서 가장 좋았다. Modifier로서는 4-nonylphenol이 우수하였다. 이외에도 수용액의 pH와 추출계의 온도가 낮을수록 추출도가 높았다.

• 공업화학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.223-229
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• 1994

회분식 추출기를 이용하여 구연산-초산 혼합수용액-n-butylacetate계에서 2급 아민 추출제인 DITDA와 용매화 추출제인 MOHPO를 이용 추출시 물질전달계수에 미치는 교반속도의 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 실험결과 본 추출장치에서 교반속도가 커질수록 추출도는 증가하였고, 교반속도가 200rpm, 교반시간 30분 정도가 가장 좋은 결과를 얻었다. 또한 구연산-초산 혼합수용액에서 추출제로 2급 아민인 DITDA을 사용했을 경우 추출도가 더 높았다. 물질전달계수는 추출도와 비례함을 알았고, 구연산을 DITDA로 추출시 추잔상측 물질전달계수와 Re수와는 $K_r=1.254{\times}10^{-3}Re^{0.536}$이었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.753-759
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• 1998

In physical and reactive extraction of acrylic acid using various solvents the equilibrium characteristics of extraction were investigated. The degree of extraction in reactive extraction with Tri-n-octylamine(TOA) was 1.5~3 times than that in physical extraction. Distribution ratio was constant in methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK) and n-butylacetate(n-BAc) but was increased with increasing the concentration of acrylic acid in benzene and chloroform. It can be explained by formation of dimers. Maximum extraction leadings of acrylic acid were three in benzene and were two in MIBK, chloroform and n-BAc, and it was found that acrylic acid was extracted as the form of $A_3$R In benzene and $A_2R$ in MIBK, chloroform and n-BAc. In effect of solvent, the degree of extraction was increased as he difference of solubility parameter of solvent and solute was decreased, and as dielectric constant of solvent was increased.

• 멤브레인
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.136-139
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• 1993

It is well known that the membrane permeation in pervaporation is governed by both the chemical nature of the membrane material and the physical structure of the membrane and also the separation can be achieved by differences in either solubility, size or shape. The solubility of the penerrant in the polymeric membrane can be described qualitively by applying the Hildebrand relation [1] which relates the energy of mixing of the penerrant and the polymer material. Froehling et al. have tried to predict the swelling behavior of polymers for the systems of polyvinylchloride(PVC)-toluene-methanol, PVC-trichloroethylene-nitromethane and PVC-n-butylacetate-nitromethane[2]. The former two systems which do not show the donor/acceptor interactions upon mixing showed the successful results[2]. In addition to this technique, there are several other possible approaches to predict the swelling behaviors of polymers, such as the surface thermodynamic approach[3, 4], the comparison of the membrane polarity with the solvent polarity in terms of Dimroth's solvent polarity value[5].

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제9권1_2호
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• pp.37-51
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• 1994

To evaluate the genotoxicities of workers exposed to glue and glue cleaning solution, ambient air monitoring of working place, animal study and human monitoring were carried out. By GC-MS analysis, air samples collected from shoesmaking plant were found to be toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, n-hexane, methyl ethyl ketone, trichloroethylene, butylacetate, isopropyl alcohol. Glue and glue cleaning solution from shoesmaking plant were applicated topically to the CD-1 mice. DNA was isolated from skin 24 hr following the application and analysed for DNA-adducts using the nuclease $P_1$version of $^{32}$P-postlabelling assay. RAL (Relative Adduct Labelling, adducts$10^8$ nucleotides) was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in the glue cleaning solution treated mice skin. Peripheral blood DNA-adducts of workers exposed to glue and glue cleaning solution were also analysed by the same method, but there were not significant differences in the peripheral blood DNA-adducts level between exposed and control workers. In addition, glue cleaning solution from shoes factory was evaluated for mutagenicity in the Salmonella plate incorporation assay using strains TA 100 and TA 1535 in the presence and absence of Arochlor 1254-induced rat liver S$_{9}$. There was evident mutagenicity for cleaning solution in TA 100 regardless of $S_9$, but TA 1535 showed positive only in the absence of $S_9$when predicted by Stead model of mutagenicity prediction (p=0.0000). The urine concentrates from workers and controls were also assayed for mutagenicity towards strain TA 100 of Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of $S_9$ using Kado's microsuspension assay, but their mutagenic activities were not found to be significant. These data suggest that shoesmaking workers are exposed to genotoxic compounds and need to be monitored by testing the mutagenicity of human urines. However, $^{32}$P-postlabelling application requires further validation for the routine monitoring of human exposure.osure.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1980

6-APA의 생산에 사용할 Penicillin acylase를 생산하는 야생균주를 분리하여 생리화학적특성을 조사하여 Escherichia속을 동정하였다. Penicillin acylase 생산성이 가장 높은 균주를 선별하여 배양조건을 조사하고 균체를 생산하여 효소를 추출하여 효소의 반응특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 분리한 121주의 생리화학적 특성에 의해 47주가 Escherichia 속으로 동정되고 이들중 12주가 penicillin acylase 활성을 나타냈다. 2. 12주중 가장 강력한 P. acylase 활성을 나타낸 균주가 Escherichia No.11 이였다. 3. 이 균주의 효소생산조건은 탄소원은 0.3%-phenylacetic acid, 질소원은 1%-peptone과 1%-yeast extract, amino 산으로는 0.3%, L-glutamic acid가 영향을 주었다. 그리고 배지의 pH는 7.6~8.0, 배양온도는 34~38$^{\circ}C$, 배양시간은 18시간이 최적 생산조건 이였다. 4. 효소는 균체를 초음파에 의해 추출하여 원심 분리하여 상등액을 $0^{\circ}C$에서 보존하여 효소원으로 하였다. 5. 추출효소의 반응특성은 최적 반응온도는 38$^{\circ}C$, PH는 8.0이였고, 1% penicillin G를 기질로 37$^{\circ}C$에서 반응시켰을 때 4시간의 반응에서 이론식의 56%가 6-APA로 변화되었다.