• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.105-108
• /
• 2015

To establish the anti-diabetic(α-glucosidase inhibitory) activity of D. lotus leaf extract, isolate and identify the constituents responsible for the activity. The methanolic extract of leaves was partitioned between water, n-butanol and ethyl acetate. Bio-assay guided fractionation, based on inhibition of ;${\alpha}$-glucosidase, allowed isolation and identification of the active components. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry(LC/MS), ¹ H-NMR and ¹³ C-NMR spectra analyses demonstrated that the active compound was myricetin-3-O-;${\alpha}$-L-rhamnoside(1). Compound 1 demonstrated a strong inhibition on the α-glucosidase, in vitro and ;${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory value was calculated as 98.08%, when that of a reference drug, acarbose was estimated as 83.03%. The present study indicates compound 1 could be considered as an ;${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor and developed as an important antidiabetes agent for type II diabetes therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.41 no.8
• /
• pp.1029-1034
• /
• 2012

In this study, we compared the antioxidant activities of three loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) by cultivars (Daebang, Bubang and native cultivar). The leaves were extracted by 80% ethanol and then fractionated with various solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) for biological activities and bioactive compounds analysis. Total polyphenol content of extracts and fractions was in the range of 84.93~478.50 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE). From highest to lowest GAE, the fractions were n-butanol> ethyl acetate> n-hexane> 80% ethanol> water. Among the three cultivars, the highest polyphenol content was found from native cultivar. As for DPPH radical scavenging activity, the n-butanol fraction showed the highest activity, and native cultivar was the highest on the $IC_{50}$ values (0.18 mg/mL). In the nitrite scavenging activity, the ethyl acetate fraction (54.99~60.86%) showed the most effective activity on the Bubang cultivar was higher than others. The ursolic acid content of the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest (51.41 mg/g) in the Daebang cultivar. Based on all these results;the Bubang cultivar showed relatively higher antioxidant and nitrite scavenging activities, but the ursolic acid content was higher in the Daebang cultivar. These results suggest that extracts from loquats (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) can be used as bioactive and functional materials that could be important information for industrial use in the future.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.296-303
• /
• 2007

Acer tegmentosum (Acereaceae) has been used a source of traditional medicines for the treatment of hepatic disorders in Korea. This research was conducted to determine biofunctional activities of A. tegmentosum stem extract and to identify its bioactive components. Methanolic extract from A. tegmentosum stem was partitioned by using organic solvents, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Two compounds were isolated by using an ODS column chromatography from ethyl acetate soluble fraction shown to the strongest antioxidant activity ($RC_{50}=3.15\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) among the fractions. The isolated compounds were analyzed by $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR, IR, UV/VIS, MS spectrum data and identified as catechin, ${\rho}-Hydroxyphenethyl$ alcohol $1-O-{\beta}-_D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside$. The compounds have shown strong antioxidant activity, with similar activity to BHA ($RC_{50}=2\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Especially, ${\rho}-Hydroxyphenethyl$ alcohol 1-O-{\beta}-_D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside$ was shown strong anti-lipid peroxidative activity. However, the compounds were not shown antimicrobial activities. In antimicrobial activity assays, ethyl acetate soluble fraction was effective to bacterial inhibition, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in $125\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Otherwise, antifungal activity against Candida albicans was shown in n-hexane soluble fraction exhibiting $63\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of minimum inhibitory concentration. In anticomplementary activity assays, water soluble fraction was the most effective exhibiting 24% inhibitory activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2000

Achillea sibirica Ledeb. is widely distributed in Korea and has been often used as folk medicine in peptic and tonic. As one of our searches for bioactive (anti oxidation) compounds from medicinal plants, we studied Achillea sibirica Ledeb. (Compositae). Antioxidant activity of Achillea sibirica was determined by measuring lipid peroxide produced when a mouse liver homogenate was exposed at $90^{\circ}C$ using 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and by evaluation the radical scavenging activity on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Whole parts of Achillea sibirica was extracted with methanol and its extracts was fractionated with organic solvent; n-Hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-Butanol. EtOAc fraction exhibited antioxidant activity and From its, two flavonoid glycosides were isolated by silica gel and gel filtration colume chromatography and identified to kampferol 3-O-glucoside and luteolin 7-O-neo-hesperidoside, respectively, by physico-chemical and spectroscopical method. At antioxidant activity test for two compounds isolated, antioxidant activity was showed too. And from hexane fraction sterol was is isolated and identificated to mixture of campesterol, stigmasterol, and ${\beta}-sitosterol$.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.496-500
• /
• 2005

To develop functional food material using Rhodiola dumulosa(RD), the biological activities such as antioxidation, antiproliferation in the cancer cells and immuno-activity in macrophage cells were investigated with hexane, ethylacetate, n-butanol, methanol and water fractions of RD 80% methanol extract. Hydrogen-donating activities of hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, methanol and water fraction were 28.30, 53.21, 35.48, 42.64 and 21.14%, respectively, at a concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/mL$, and the activity of ethyl acetate fraction was similar to as that of BHT. After treated for 48 hrs, the ethyl acetate fraction decreased the proliferation of the A549 and SW480 cells in a dose-dependent manner at concentration of 10, 50, and 100 ${\mu}g/mL$, the activities were higher than other fractions. Morphology of cells treated with the ethyl acetate fraction for 48 hr at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ was distorted with shrank cell mass, and the cell number was lower than that of control cells the macrophage cells treated. The methanol fraction was significantly induced NO production compared with untreated control cells at above 10 ${\mu}g/mL$ concentration. These results indicate that RD would be used the functional food material.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.532-537
• /
• 2014

Cortex Phellodendri (CP) is derived from the dried bark of Phellodendron amurense. It has been widely used as a drug in traditional Korea medicine for treating diarrhea, jaundice, swelling pains in the knees and feet, urinary tract infections, and infections of the body surface. Many analytical methods have been used to study oriental herbal medicines, such as thin-layer chromatography, column liquid chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was successfully carried out in order to separate pure compounds from a CP methanol extract. The optimum two-phase CPC solvent system was composed of n-butanol: acetic acid: water (4:1:5 v/v/v). The flow rate of the mobile phase was 3 mL/min in ascending mode with rotation at 1,000 rpm. The CPC-separated fraction and purification procedures were carried out by preparatory HPLC. The $^1H$ NMR spectrum revealed that the resonances at ${\delta}$ 4.10 and 4.20 ppm corresponded to three protons ($-OCH_3$), whereas those at ${\delta}$ 6.10 ppm corresponded to two protons ($-OCH_2O-$). Further, two aromatic protons (H-11 and H-12) conveys a doublet-doublet pattern. The H-11 doublet and H-12 doublet appear at ${\delta}$ 7.98 and 8.11, respectively. The $^{13}C$ NMR. spectrum showed a tetrasubstituted with a methylenedioxy group at C2 and C3, and two methoxy groups at C9 and C10. The chemical structure of the berberine was identified by $^1H$, $^{13}C$-nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy spectral data analysis.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.9
• /
• pp.981-987
• /
• 2014

Foeniculum vulgare has long been prescribed in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of the fruits of F. vulgare on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells under non-cytotoxic ($100{\mu}g/ml$) conditions. The 80% methanol extract was subsequently partitioned successively with hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, and the fractions so obtained were also examined for their anti-inflammatory effects. Among them, the hexane, methylene chloride, and ethyl acetate fractions inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in LPS stimulated macrophages. The methylene chloride and ethyl acetate fractions also suppressed the productions of interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 by down-regulating their mRNA levels in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction strongly suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ at the protein and mRNA levels in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These observations suggest that the anti-inflammatory actions of F. vulgare are due to inhibitions of the productions of NO, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.1079-1084
• /
• 2002

Changes in components of onion vinegar during two-stage fermentation were investigated. One sample group (A) was prepared with onion juice by extraction and concentration (15 brix), and the other group (B) was prepared using the same method but supplemented with sucrose. Comparison of glucose (4.1%), fructose (4.2%), and sucrose (0.6%) found in A as major sugars with those (3.2, 3.3, and 4.6%, respectively) of B showed a significant difference in sucrose concentration. During alcohol fermentation, S. kluyvery DJ97 consumed these sugars completely. At 36 hr of alcohol fermentation, concentrations of reducing and total sugars decreased to 0.5 and 0.8%, in A, and 0.4 and 0.6%, in B, respectively. No further changes were detected in the concentrations of these sugars thereafter. From 12 hr of fermentation, alcohol concentrations in groups A and B increased markedly, maximizing at 7.0% at 36 hr A and at 8.2% at 48 hr in B, and finally decreased thereafter in both groups. The detected alcohol components were ethanol, acetaldehyde, methanol, n-propyl alcohol, iso-butanol, and iso-amyl acohol. During acetic acid fermentation, the concentration of acetic acid as the major organic also increased significantly in both groups (4,776.72 and 4,894.93 mg% in A amd B, respectively). Other organic acid contents such as malic and succinic acids were higher in A than B. these results indicate that vinegar is better produced in onion extract with no sucrose supplementation based on its organic acid contents.

• Food Engineering Progress
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 2010

Red ginseng tail roots (9.8 g water/100 g sample) were puffed at 7, 8, 9, and 10 $kg_{f}/cm^{2}$ using a rotational puffing gun. Puffed red ginseng was extracted with 70% ethanol, and the concentrated extract was successively partitioned with diethyl ether, n-butanol and $H_{2}O$. Two unknown ginsenosides from puffed red ginseng were found at 63 and 65 min of retention time in HPLC chromatogram suggesting that chemical structure of some ginsenosides might be altered during the puffing process. Identification of two unknown compounds was carried out using TLC, HPLC and NMR. Two major compounds were isolated from TLC. According to TLC result, compound I was expected to be the mixture of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5, and compound II was expected to be a 20(S)-ginsenoside $Rg_{3}$. Three compounds were isolated from n-butanol fraction through repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel column chromatographies. From the result of $^{1}H$- and $^{13}C$-NMR data, the chemical structures of unknown compounds were determined as ginsenoside $Rg_{5}$ and 20(S)-ginsenoside $Rg_{3}$. Unfortunately, ginsenoside $Rk_{1}$ could not be separated from ginsenoside-$Rg_{5}$ in the compound I. It was carefully reexamined using HPLC and confirmed that the last unknown compound was ginsenoside-$Rk_{1}$.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.710-718
• /
• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the effects of plum(Prunus salicina Lindl. cultivars 'Oishiwase', 'Formosa', and 'Soldam') extracts on the proliferation as well as inhibition of human epithelial cells(HaCaT), human cervical carcinoma (HeLa, SiHa, and C33A) cells, and human stomach adenocarcinoma(SNU 638) cells. Dried plum was sequentially extracted and fractionated by hexane(KC-01), chloroform(KC-02), ethyl acetate(KC-03), n-butanol(KC-04), water(KC-05), methanol(KC-6), and hot water extract(KC-07). The epithelial and cancer cells were exposed for 48 h to $50{\mu}g/mL$ of plum extract in vitro, and were then analysed by a sulforhodamin B(SRB) staining assay. The methanol extract(KCP-6) of 'Formosa' proliferated not only the HaCaT cells(147.3%), but also the cervical carcinoma C33A cells(167.8%). The ethyl acetate extract of 'Soldam'(KCJ-3) significantly reduced the proliferation rate of the HPV positive conical carcinoma cells, at 61.5% for the SiHa cells and 70.5% for the HeLa cells. In the C33A cells, which are HPV negative cervical carcinoma cells, the hexane fractions of 'Formosa'(KCP-1) and 'Oishiwase'(KCD-1) markedly suppressed proliferation activity at 20.4% and 61.7%, respectively. However, the proliferation rate of the normal epithelial cells(HaCaT cell) was not reduced the proliferation rate by KCJ-3, KCP-1, or KCD-1, There were no significant effects on proliferation of the stomach cancer cells(SNU 638) by any of the extracts or fractions of the plum cultivars. These results suggest that the anti-proliferative effects of the plum cultivars were selective to the cancer cell origin. In conclusion, we found that several plum cultivar extracts, especially, the ethyl acetate fraction of 'Soldam" and the hexane fraction of "Formosa', have anti-proliferative activity toward human cervical carcinoma cells. However, further investigation is needed to assess the molecular mechanisms that mediate the antiproliferation activities of the plum cultivars.