• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1420-1427
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• 2012

We investigated the physiological activity and solvent-partitioned fractions of methanol extracts from the green seaweed Sargassum fulvellum. The methanol extract from S. fulvellum was sequentially fractionated with n-hexane (SFMH), methanol (SFMM), buthanol (SFMB), and water (SFMA). We investigated the antioxidant activities of solvent fractions from S. fulvellum by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity and an SOD activity assay. DPPH radical scavenging capacity of SFMM was 79.5% at 10 mg/ml. SOD activity of SFMM was 79.9% at 10 mg/ml. Nitrite scavenging activities of solvent fractions from S. fulvellum were investigated under different pH conditions and showed the most remarkable effect at pH 1.2. In particular, the activity of SFMB was higher than the other fractions. ADH activity and ALDH activity of SFMM were 177.0% and 167.4% at 10 mg/ml, respectively. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of SFMH increased in a dose-dependent manner and was about 94.1% at 2 mg/ml. Elastase inhibitory activity was 93.2% at 2 mg/ml. These results revealed that S. fulvellum extracts have strong antioxidant and alcohol dehydrogenase activities and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, suggesting that S. fulvellum extracts have potential as a source of natural products for health and beauty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2004

The antioxidative and antimicrobial activity were carried on the Chopi(Zanthoxylum pipperitum) extracts by six kinds of solvents in order to find out new natural food additives. Six solvents were used methanol(MeOH), n-hexan(hexane), chloroform$(CHCl_3)$, ethylacetate(EtOAc), buthanol(BuOH), and water(water) and methanol extract(MEex), hexan extract(HEex), chloroform extract(CHex), ethylacetate extract(EAex), and buthanol extract(BUex), water extract(WAex). The antioxdative activities of them extracts were determined by peroxide value(POV), conjugated diene value(CDV) of corn germ oil storaged for 30 days at $60{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. These extracts were added as 0.02, 0.1, 0.2% of each extracts and compared with ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, and BHT. The antioxidative activities of 0.02% extract were as follows in decreasing order BUex > WAex, BHT, MEex > HEex, EAex, CHex > TOC, and control. While, BUex and CHex among these extracts were shown to be had antimicrobial effects on the microorganism such as Escheria coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Psedomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Finally to find out the preference of chopi we had made Yugwanzageon (a kind of shallow fried meat ball)by adding chopi powder. The result were similar to control(not added chopi powder) in case of 0.1% chopi adding Yugwanzageon.(p<0.05) Therefore it was thought to be possible that chopi powder was used Yugwanzageon preperation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.16-24
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effect of co-existence of carbaryl and chlorothalonil on the short-term bioconcentration factor in Carassius auratus(goldfish). The fishes were exposed to the combined treatment of carbaryl and chlorothalonil(0.05 ppm+0.005 ppm, 0.05 ppm+0.010 ppm, 0.10 ppm+0.005 ppm) for 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. Carbaryl and chlorothalonil in fish and in test water were extracted with n-hexane and acetonitrile. GC-ECD was used to detect and quantitate carbaryl and chlorothalonil. 1-day, 3-day and 5-day bioconcentration factors($BCF_1, BCF_3$ and $BCF_5$) of each pesticide were calculated from the quantitation results. The depuration rate of each pesticide from the whole body of fish was determined over the 72-h period after combined treatment. The results were as follows: $BCF_1$ values of carbaryl were 3.521, 3.802 and 3.587, respectively, when the concentration of carbaryl and chlorothalonil in combined treatment were 0.05+0.005, 0.05+0.010 and 0.10+0.005 ppm. BCF3 values of carbaryl were 4.825, 4.556 and 3.828, respectively, and $BCF_5$ values of carbaryl were 3.974, 3.921 and 4.186, respectively, under the conditions. While $BCF_1$ of chlorothalonil were 0.829, 0.829 and 1.540, respectively, under the same condition of pesticide concentrations $BCF_3$ of chlorothalonil were 2.040, 2.208 and 3.633, respectively, and $BCF_5$ of chlorothalonil were 6.222, 6.667 and 7.095, respectively, under the conditions. Depuration rate constants of carbaryl were 0.022, 0.022 and 0.152, respectively, when the concentration of carbaryl and chlorothalonil in combined treatment were 0.05+0.005, 0.05+0.010 and 0.10+0.005 ppm. While depuration rate constants of chlorothalonil were 0.004, 0.004 and 0.006, respectively, under the same condition of pesticide concentrations. It was observed that no significant differences of carbaryl and chlorothalonil concentration in fish extracts, test water and $BCF_s$ of carbaryl and chlorothalonil between combined treatment and single treatment. It was considered that no appreciable interaction at experimental concentrations was due to low concentrations, 0.005~0.1 ppm. Co-existence of carbaryl and chlorothalonil had no effect on excretion of each pesticide and depuration rate of chlorothalonil was investigated 1/8 slower than that of carbaryl in combined treatment. Therefore, it is considered that the persistence of chlorothalonil in fish body would be higher than that of carbaryl.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1595-1603
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• 2016

The present study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of Oenanthe javanica ethanol extract (OJE) and its fraction on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. OJE remarkably reduced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), resulting in inhibition of production of nitric oxide (NO). In order to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of bioactive fractions, OJE was fractionated into hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions. The results show that the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions reduced production of NO without cytotoxicity. Especially, the ethyl acetate fraction effectively reduced protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. Proinflammatory cytokine production was also reduced by ethyl acetate fractions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. These data suggest that OJE and its fraction possess pharmacological activity and might be useful for development of anti-inflammatory agents or dietary supplements.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 2009

An analytical method for the determination of flumequine in meats was developed and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The samples were mixed with sodium sulfate and extracted with ethyl acetate. After clean-up, the residues were dissolved in mobile phase. The calibration curves showed high linearity ($r^2$=0.9979) within the concentration range of 0.1-1.0 mg/kg. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were validated at 0.005 and 0.017 mg/kg, respectively. The recoveries in fortified meats ranged from 90.8 to 101.1%. The method was then validated in correspondence with the CODEX guidelines for flumequine residue in meats. Herein we monitored 150 samples of meats that were purchased in Korea (Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Daejeon, and Gwangju). Among the tested samples, flumequine was detected in 1 of beef and 1 of pork at levels in the range of 0.048-0.080 mg/kg. Overall, the flumequine residues in the tested samples were within the Maximun residue limit.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.483-488
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• 2014

To examine the physiological effects of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) leaf, the bioavailable compounds in broccoli leaf extract, and its in vitro neuroprotective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress were examined in this study. The chloroform fraction of broccoli leaf extract had the highest total phenolic content of all the fraction than others, and the highest 2,2"-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibitory effect. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation resulting in $H_2O_2$-treated in PC12 cells was significantly lower when the chloroform fraction was present in the medium compared to that in PC12 cells treated with $H_2O_2$ alone. In a cell viability assay performed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), the chloroform fraction showed protective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity and inhibited lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the medium. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic compound in chloroform fraction of broccoli leaf.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.1242-1247
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• 2012

Acer barbinerve Maxim belongs to the Aceraceae tree family and is often consumed as an Oriental medicine. In this study, we investigated whether or not ethanol extract from the bark of A. barbinerve Max. (EBA) inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in Raw264.7 macrophages. EBA was fractionated using n-hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and water. Raw264.7 cells were treated with 20 ${\mu}g/mL$ of EBA and the EBA fractions. EBA inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. Among the three fractions, EtOAc fraction of EBA (EFEBA) was the most effective in inhibiting LPS-induced NO production without significant cytotoxicity in Raw264.7 cells. EFEBA futher reduced LPS-induced expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) proteins and its corresponding mRNA. Additionally, EFEBA decreased the mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in LPS-treated Raw264.7 cells. Lastly, EFEBA inhibited LPS-induced degradation of the inhibitor of kappaBalpha ($I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$) as well as phosphorylation of p65 nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$). These results indicate that EFEBA exhibits strong anti-inflammatory effects and can be developed as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2011

Nonylphenols are toxic compounds classified as endocrine disruptors. We investigated the nonylphenols clean-up procedures for the contamination control in the quantitative analysis. In this research we analyzed the residual nonylphenols in the solvent and the SPE cartridges. First, at the analysis of HPLC grade solvents (n-hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and its mixture), diethyl ether was confirmed the residue as 0.963 ${\mu}g/mL$, and we eliminated the contaminant through the distillation with $CaH_2$, Second, at the analysis of SPE cartridges (silica gel and Florisil), all products were showed the residue at 0.046~13.0 ${\mu}g/mL$, but unfortunately the residue in the cartridge were not easily removed with referenced methods in all tested SPE cartridges except in silica gel SPE cartridge with glass ware.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.248-253
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• 2006

The present study describes the preliminary evaluation of the cytotoxicity from Gleditsiae Semen extracts. G. Semen was extracted with methanol, ethanol, and acetone, and then cytotoxic effect of these extracts was measured by the MTT reduction assay and phase-contrast microscopy on the HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Among these extracts, methanol extract showed the highest cytotoxic activity on the HT-29 cells. The methanol extract was further fractionated with n-hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water layer according to the degree of polarity. The water layer showed the highest inhibitory activity on the growth of HT-29 cells, but the other fractions indicated the low cytotoxic activity. In addition, water layer also showed the cytotoxic activity against SW620 human colon carcinoma cells. Based on these results, we suggest that extracts of G. Semen may contain bioactive materials and are potential candidates as chemotherapeutic agents against human colon carcinoma cells.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.187-201
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• 1996

This study was to evaluate the efficiency of diffusive monitor using activated carbon fiber(ACF, KF-1500) in measuring airborne organic solvents. The following characteristics were identified and studied as critical to the performance of diffusive monitor; recovery, sampling rate, face velocity, reverse diffusion and storage stability. For the evaluation of the performance of this monitor, MIBK, PCE, toluene were used as organic solvents. In the sampling rate experiments, eight kinds of solvents (n-hexane, MEK, DIBK, MCF, TCE, CB, xylene, cumene) as well as the above solvents were used. The results were as follows: 1. The desorption efficiencies(DE's) of ACF diffusive monitor ranged from 83 % to 101 %. In contrast, those of coconut shell charcoal ranged from 78 % to 102 %. Especially, the DE's of ACF for the polar solvents such as MEK were superior to those of charcoal. 2. Experimental sampling rates on ACF were average 42ml/min(37-46ml/min) for 11 organic solvents at $24{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, $50{\pm}5%RH$. However ideal sampling rates(DA/L) were 33 % higher than experimental sampling rates. 3. The initial response(15~16 min) of the testing monitor was 2 times higher than the actual concentration determined by the reference methods at $24{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, $8{\pm}5%RH$ and $80{\pm}5%RH$. Within 1 hours, the curve reached a linear horizontal line at low humidity condition. But sampling efficiencies decreased with respect to time at high humidity condition. And sampling efficiencies were higher at high humidity condition than low humidity condition for MIBK. 4. At very low velocity (less than 0.02 m/sec), the concentration of ACF diffusive monitor were poorly estimated. But ACF diffusive monitor were not affected at higher velocity(0.2 m/sec-0.6 m/sec). 5. There was no significant reverse diffusion when the ACF monitors were exposed to clean air for 2 hours after being exposed for 2 hours at the level of 1 TLV. 6. There was no significant sample loss during 3 weeks of storage at room temperature and 5 weeks of storage at refrigeration.