• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.3
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• pp.316-321
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• 1990

This study was carried out to indentify the mycorrhizal development and growth stimulation of Pinus thunbergii seedlings grown on soil growth media which mixed with various amounts of pine bark. The results were follow ; 1. Seedlings inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius were significantly increased in number of short roots and mycorrhizal short roots, height, maximum growth rate, and leaf area than those of no-inoculation. 2. Mycorrhizal formation according to bark contents was highest by 25% bark treatment, and decreased in 50 and 75% bark contents. 3. Within the same treatment of bark content, seedlings inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius showed more increased height and leaf, stem, and root dry weight than those of no-inoculated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 1988

This study was carried out for observation of growth, mycorrhizal formation and nutrient absorption of Pinus thunbergii seedlings treated with two soil mixtures and various nitrogen levels after inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus, Pisolithus tinctorius. 1. Seedlings grown on vermiculite applied with $50-150{\mu}g/ml$ nitrogen levels were well developed with pinnate type and cluster-like mycorrhizae. But seedlings on sandy loam had monopodial type in addition to the above-mentioned two types. 2. Optimum fertilization level for mycorrhizal formation is 50 or $150{\mu}g/ml$ N that showed best mycorrhizal formation of $86.4({\pm}3.14)%$ or $73.0({\pm}7.21)%$, respectively, but increased nitrogen levels decreased formation of mycorrhizal short roots. Seedlings applied with $450{\mu}g/ml$ nitrogen level decreased in net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate(CGR) during early growth of the seedlings, and they were increased since Aug, when nutrient application was stopped. 9. Inorganic nutrient absorption was increased more in seedlings grown on vermiculite and inoculated growth medium than those grown on sandy loam and noninoculated one, and it was gradually increased with increasing nitrogen increasing nitrogen level until $350{\mu}g/ml$. But $450{\mu}g/ml$ nitro gen level rather reduced absorption of nutrient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to understand the tolerance mechanism of woody plants to water stress and tolerance changes in relation to mycorrhizal formation. Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq. commonly used for erosion control in slopes were raised from seeds and transplanted to 120 plastic pots. Sixty pots received the top soil of a Fraxinus americana forest, while remaining 60 pots received the autoclaved top soil. The forest soil contained 1,200 spores per 100g of arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungus, mostly Glomus sp. The plants were raised outside with regular supply of water and mineral nutrients. Two kinds of water deficit treatment and a control were started at the middle of July : cyclic water deficit treatment with 3 cycles of sequential water stress at the point of xylem water potential of about -0.6, -0.6, and -1.7 MPa and recovery, and non-cyclic water deficit treatment with single water stress at about -1.5 MPa. The non-stressed plants received plenty of water throughout the period. In late August the plants were harvested for measurements of dry weight, N, P, carbohydrate contents, net photosynthesis and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities. Both cyclic and non-cyclic water deficit treatments reduced dry weight by 60% and 40%, respectively, and reduced nitrogen absorption, while increased SOD activities. Water-stressed plants also showed increased carbohydrate contents in the leaves and lowered stomatal conductance. Mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in an average of 40% infection of roots and 2-3 times increase in P absorption in water-stressed as well as non-stressed plants. Mycorrhizal formation also increased shoot-root ratio. The results that SOD activities of water-stressed plants with mycorrhizal infection were significantly lower than those of non-mycorrhizal plants suggest the possibility of improvement of water-stressed condition by mycorrhizal formation. It was concluded that endomycorrhizal formation increased tolerance of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya seedlings to water stress.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.121-142
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• 1983

Recently mycorrhizal research has been one of the most fast-growing research areas in modern plant science and microbiology. The application potential of mycorrhizal techniques to agriculture and forestry is enormous in view of the ubiquitous nature of mycorrhizae and known benefits of mycorrhizae to host plants. Unfortunately, very few scientists in Korea are currently involved in mycorrhizal research. When a team of American plant pathologists visited Korea in September 1982 to participate in the Korea-U.S.A. Joint Seminar on Forest Diseases and Insect Pests, they were surprised by the principal author's statement that there was no single research project on mycorrhizae sponsored by Korean government or any scientific institutions. The author initiated a few years ago a research project on the ecology of tree mycorrhizae with a foreign financial support. Major areas of interest were survey of ectomycorrhizae in relation to soil fertility, taxonomic distribution of mycorrhizae among woody plants, identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and growth response of woody plants to artificial inoculation. In spite of the enormous application potential of mycorrhizae to agronomic plants, the subject of mycorrhizae has not been recognized by Korean agronomists, foresters or pathologists. The purpose of this review rather written in Korean is to introduce the techniques of mycorrhizal research to Korean scientists and to urge them to participate in challenging new scientific field which might bring us a remarkable increase in crop productivity and tree growth through manipulation of this unique symbiosis. In this review, following topics were discussed in the same order: introduction; brief history of mycorrhizal research; morphology and classification of mycorrhizae; distribution of mycorrhizae in plant kingdom and in soil profile; physiology of mycorrhizae (functions, mineral nutrition, mycorrhizal formation); interaction of mycorrhizae with soil-born plant pathogens. mycorrhizae in nitrogen-fixing plants; application of mycorrhizal techniques to nursery practices (isolation, culture, inoculation, and response); prospect in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.3 s.160
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• pp.146-152
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• 2005

For the application of ectomycorrhizal seedlings on damaged slope lands, studies on cultural characteristics of Lyophyllum shimeji and ectomycorrhizal associations of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya seedlings were carried out by artificial inoculation of L. shimeji. Mycelial growth of L. shimeji was best on MP (1% malt extract, 0.1% peptone, 1% glucose and 1.5% agar) medium. An optimum temperature and pH for the mycelial growth were $25^{\circ}C$ and pH6, respectively. Mycorrhizal root of L. cyrtobotrya seedlings inoculated with L. shimeji showed characteristics of ectomycorrhizas with Hartig net. Growth rate of the mycorrhizal seedlings's roots was higher than that of non-mycorrhizal seedlings. When the mycorrhizal seedlings were transplanted in slope land, survival rate and dry weight were 62% and 850 mg/seedling, respectively. On the other hand, survival rate and dry weight of non-mycorrhizal seedlings were 11% and 430 mg/seedling, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.311-322
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• 2003

Mycorrhizae is well known to increase the uptake of P and other mineral nutrients of plants. But if available P levels in soil is too low or high, mycorrhizae formation is limited. This study was carried out to determine the optimum level of available P for mycorrhizae formation of Poncirus trifoliata (trifoliate orange) seedling in volcanic ash soil. Eight levels of P in the range $0-1050mg\;kg^{-1}$ were applied with double superphosphate, and in each P level mycorrhizal fungi inoculated and uninnoculated treatments were included. The seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for 5 months and mycorrhizae formation, growth, and nutrient uptake were measured. As P application level increased, mycorrhizae formation increased at lower range of P application and the highest formation ratio of 43% was found at $100mg\;kg^{-1}$ P level ($2.6mg\;kg^{-1}$ available P in soil). At further higher levels of P application, mycorrhizae formation was rather suppressed. Seedling growth was increased by the inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi, and maximum growth was found at $100mg\;kg^{-1}$ P level where mycorrhizae formation was highest. The growth and mineral nutrient uptake of Poncirus trifoliata seedling represented a significant positive correlation with mycorrhizae formation at all P treatments.

• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2005

Results from an innovative approach to improve remediation in the rhizosphere by encouraging healthy plant growth and thus enhancing microbial activity are reported. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Am) on remediation efficacy of wheat, mungbean and eggplant grown in soil spiked with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was assessed in a pot experiment. The results of this study showed that Am inoculation enhanced dissipation amount of PAHs in planted soil, plant uptake PAHs, dissipation amount of PAHs in planted versus unplanted spiked soil and loss of PAHs by the plant-promoted biodegradation. A number of parameters were monitored including plant shoot and root dry weight, plant tissue water content, plant chlorophyll, root lipid content, oxido-reductase enzyme activities in plant and soil rhizosphere and total microbial count in the rhizospheric soil. The observed physiological data indicate that plant growth and tolerance increased with Am, but reduced by PAH. This was reflected by levels of mycorrhizal root colonization which were higher for mungbean, moderate for wheat and low for eggplant. Levels of Am colonization increased on mungbean > wheat > eggplant. This is consistent with the efficacy of plant in dissipation of PAHs in spiked soil. Highly significant positive correlations were shown between of arbuscular formation in root segments (A)) and plant water content, root lipids, peroxidase, catalase polyphenol oxidase and total microbial count in soil rhizosphere as well as PAH dissipation in spiked soil. As consequence of the treatment with Am, the plants provide a greater sink for the contaminants since they are better able to survive and grow.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.3
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• pp.309-315
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• 1990

This study was carried out to observe the effects of two soil mixtures, various nitrogen levels, and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of 1-year-old Pinus thunbergil seedlings in pots. The seedlings were treated with various combinations of above factors and grown one more year in pots. 1. Number of short roots, mycorrhizal short roots, height growth, and total dry weight were higher in vermiculite than in sandy loam. 2. 2-year-old P. thunbergii seedlings inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius mycorrhizal fungi showed significant increase in primary lateral roots, short roots, and total dry weight than those of uninoculated seedlings. 3. The growth of 2-year-old P. thunbergii seedlings was affected by infection with mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen fertilization of precious year.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2023

In this study, we examined the ectomycorrhiza (ECM) formed by a species of the genus Tuber, T. koreanum, with two indigenous Korean oak species, Quercus acutissima and Q. dentata. T. koreanum showed a high colonization rate for both oak species, with a higher mean colonization rate observed for Q. acutissima. The mycorrhizal characteristics of T. koreanum were described, revealing distinct morphological and anatomical differences between the ECM formed with the two host plants. This study is significant because it is the first to elucidate ECM formations of T. koreanum in indigenous oak trees. However, further studies are required to differentiate the ECM associations formed by T. koreanum from those of other Tuber species.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.388-395
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• 2018

Radionuclides were deposited at forest areas in eastern parts of Japan following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant incident in March 2011. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi have important effects on radiocaesium dynamics in forest ecosystems. We examined the effect of colonization by the EM fungus Astraeus hygrometricus on the uptake of cesium (Cs) and potassium (K) by Pinus densiflora seedlings. Pine seedlings exhibited enhanced growth after the EM formation due to the colonization by A. hygrometricus. Additionally, the shoot Cs concentration increased after the EM formation when Cs was not added to the medium. This suggests that A. hygrometricus might be able to solubilize Cs fixed to soil particles. Moreover, the shoot K concentration increased significantly after the EM formation when Cs was added. However, there were no significant differences in the root K concentration between EM and non-EM seedlings. These results suggest that different mechanisms control the transfer of Cs and K from the root to the shoot of pine seedlings.