• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.3-14
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• 2001

This study introduces the framework of the mutual recognition project of APEC Engineer and also tries to find out what we, Korean engineers have to do with this project. The mutual recognition framework consists of 2 main frameworks ; the substantial equivalence framework and the mutual exemption framework. The participating Economies have discussed and agreed on the framework of the substantial equivalency and have been producing APEC Engineers from the 1st, Nov 2000 based on this agreement. However, more discussions will be required from now on in order to finalize the mutual exemption agreement, even though there have been a lot of discussions including the workshop for the regulatory authority for the last 5 years. Here we have to study and find out what we have to do with this project and prepare for the bilateral agreements and the Coordinating Committee meeting to be held in Hongkong in Oct this year.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.23-47
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• 2018

This study aimed to improve the understanding of the qualification recognition system between Korea and Russia and to provide a way to help in the conclusion of the agreement on the qualification recognition in higher education through discussing related issues. To this end, we examined the recognition of academic qualifications in Korea and Russia, analyzed the status of mutual recognition of qualifications in higher education, and finally pointed out the issues raised and suggested ways to improve them. In the discussion of the qualification agreement, the issues are: first, whether the level of the agreement should be an intergovernmental agreement or an inter-institutional arrangement; Second, what is the scope of the agreement, and, third, with regard to the question of universality of the application of mutual recognition, whether this agreement can be universally applied to all Russian federal entities at the conclusion of the agreement. This study suggested that the mutual recognition agreement be concluded at a comprehensive and general level, and the qualification should be limited to academic qualifications, and the universality of the mutual agreement should be specified. Based on the results of this study, we proposed the necessity of regular and continuous discussions between the experts and government officials of the two countries in order to establish the system of the mutual recognition agreement and implementation process between Korea and Russia.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.12-28
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• 2000

This paper presents several important status and strategic rotes for APEC Engineer Framework. Every technologies and engineering services are opened to the world and freely competed under WTO system after 1995. Most developed economics have been organized and coordinated each other within the common economic zone, such as EU, NAFTA for the mutual recognition agreement for professional engineers . Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Engineers ( APEC Engineers) has been organizing to proceed the mutual recognition agreement for professional engineers among the Asia and Pacific economic including Korea from 1996. Therefore, Korean government and civil organization, such as KPEA must monitor and investigate the activities and managements of APEC Engineers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2017

Climate change has been identified as one with the greatest challenges facing nations, government, business and over future decades. Activities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by the Kyoto Protocol, the international community has been in progress. Korea also has introduced the Emission trading system to reduce greenhouse emission from the supervision of the government. Greenhouse gases emissions quantity should be internationally recognized. Mutual Recognition Arrangement should be recognized as the same greenhouse gas emission. International recognition of domestic verification body of international mutual recognition is required. Efforts are needed to secure the equivalence between the emission rights through direct cooperation with the relative nation accreditation body. Early entry into the IAF/PAC GHG MLA is essential for demonstrating equivalence between greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions trading will also require connection to the EU ETS, California, USA, and Tokyo, Japan to link Emissions trading. In the case of establishing accreditation standards and accreditation criteria, it will be necessary to distinguish between the domestic Energy Target Management System and the Emission Trading System. Independent greenhouse gases verification bodies should be established to meet the requirements of IAF and PAC. It is necessary to revise the qualification criteria for the verification of the greenhouse gas verification body according to international standards requirements. It is necessary to support the role of accreditation bodies of domestic greenhouse gas verification bodies. It is required to join international organizations of international mutual recognition of international trade and the need for pilot projects to link greenhouse gas emissions. The core link to our emission trading system is called EU-ETS, and we will need to join the IAF/PAC GHG MLA GHG. The International Mutual Recognition Agreement (IAF) is expected to allow international interoperability of GHG emissions verification between EA and the PAC. By signing a PAC GHG MLA, it will need to be prepared to prepare for the pilot project to link the emission trading system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07b
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• pp.606-608
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• 1999

Mutual Recognition Agreement(MRA) between national metrology institutes is started on October 1999 and International Key Comparison is essentially to be used as technical basis for the agreement. High resistance is one of the Key Comparison and high resistance measurement system is established in KRISS for the purpose of the Key Comparison. Total combined uncertainty of the system is about 4ppm in $10M{\Omega}$ and 8ppm in $1G{\Omega}$. With the system, the difference of comparison results for $10M{\Omega}$ and $1G{\Omega}$ among KRISS, VNIIM in Russia and NIM in China is agreed about 6ppm within total combined uncertainty of three institutes.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2001

This paper is to represent the cross-border mobility of experienced Professional Engineers by establishing and maintaining an EMF International Register of Professional Engineers which is based on confidence in the integrity of national assessment system and a system of mutual recognition secured through continuing mutual inspection and evaluation of these systems. This paper would cover develop, monitor, maintain and promote mutually acceptable standards and criteria for facilitating the cross-border mobility of experienced Professional Engineers based on. Engineers Mobility Forum Agreement Sifted 25 June 2001, Thornybush. South Africa

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.25-44
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• 2017

In 2017, the EU-Japan FTA talks were resumed ahead of the G20 summit in Brussels, Belgium, and agreed to abolish tariffs on 95% of all trade items. These figures are highly liberalized agreements that are equivalent to the Pacific Rim Economic Partnership Agreement (TPP). Particularly, Japanese automobiles were aggressively negotiating the abolition of tariffs with 7-year grace period and the gradual elimination of European cheese in 15 years. If the agreement is concluded, the tariffs of 1 billion euros (about 1.3 trillion won) will disappear, and Korea, which has similar industrial structure with Japan, will be hit by the processed food, chemical products, medical equipment, dairy products and automobile industries. do. The purpose of this study is to examine the mutual recognition agreement (MRA) that can directly affect the Korean companies in the content of the Japan-EU FTA and to suggest the implications for the Korean export companies.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2009

There are three major international agreements governing mutual recognition of engineering qualifications and professional competence of the International PEs; namely, Washington Accords, APEC engineer agreement and EMF agreement. International Organizations of APEC Engineer Coordinating Committer and Engineers Mobility Forum established international registries with the goal of improving international mobility. APEC and EMF membership requires minimum qualifications for licensure with the minimum standards including engineering education, Professional experience, compliance with home jurisdiction requirements, having verified record of responsible charge, and demonstrating a commitment to continuing education.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-73
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• 2010

The thesis examines new innovation of various aspect to overcome lots of problems which come by when we execute simplification of trade procedure and administration fairly. Practical implications regarding the innovation of electronic trade infrastructure are as follows. First, it will propel the standardization of electronic trade section in the technical side and the construction atmosphere of international authentication system must be created. The work process should be redesigned in order to implement export-import procedures that meet the relevant standards. Second, the improvement of system for electronic process is necessary in the law and institutional aspect. In order to eliminate any obstacles to the trade procedure, clearer legal grounds regarding legitimate controls and minimum necessity must be established. Also, laws should be revised to admit mutual recognition among certification organizations, in lieu of international agreement-based mutual recognition between government. Third, the detailed improvement for the integration of the electronic trade infrastructure will be demanded. Additionally, user-centered quality management protocols should be established via connections with the systems already existing in governmental bodies. Fourth, various trade institution should harmonized and interconnected with other partners through mutual cooperation for standardization of operational system. A system which can monitor and remotely diagnose and resolve system errors should be established to provide tailor-made service and improve operational efficiency. At the same time, it is necessary to build a cooperative system to share information and promote comprehensive management for efficient operation.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2020

Purpose: The AEO (Authorized Economic Operator) program, created in 2001 in the United States due to 9.11 terrorist's attack, fundamentally changed the trade environment. Korea, which introduced AEO program in 2009, has become one of the world's top countries in the program by ranking 6th in the number of AEO certified companies and the world's No. 1 in MRA (Mutual Recognition Agreement) conclusions. In this paper, we examined what trade-economic and non-economic effects the AEO program and its MRA have in Korea. Research design, data and methodology: In this study we developed a model to verify the impact between utilization of AEO and trade-economic effects of the AEO and its MRA. After analyzing the validity and reliability of the model through Structural Equation Model we conducted a survey to request AEO companies to respond their experience on the effects of AEO program and MRA. As a result, 196 responses were received from 176 AEO companies and utilized in the analysis. Results: With regard to economic effects, the AEO program and the MRA have not been directly linked to financial performance, such as increased sales, increased export and import volumes, reduced management costs, and increased operating profit margins. However, it was analyzed that the positive effects of supply chain management were evident, such as strengthening self-security, monitoring and evaluating risks regularly, strengthening cooperation with trading companies, enhancing cargo tracking capabilities, and reducing the time required for export and import. Conclusions: When it comes to the trade-economic effects of AEO program and its MRA, AEO companies did not satisfy with direct effects, such as increased sales and volume of imports and exports, reduced logistics costs. However, non-economic effects, such as reduced time in customs clearance, freight tracking capability, enhanced security in supply chain are still appears to be big for them. In a rapidly changing trade environment the AEO and MRA are still useful. Therefore the government needs to encourage non-AEO companies to join the AEO program, expand MRA conclusion with AEO adopted countries especially developing ones and help AEO companies make good use of AEO and MRA.