• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.481-488
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• 2009

Buckley's formocresol was first introduced as a pulp medicament in 1904, and since 1930, it has been the treatment of choice for primary molar pulpotomies. Formocresol has fixation effect of pulp tissue and high clinical success rate. But side effect such as displacement and loss of permanent successor, amelogenesis imperfecta, cyst formation, mutation by general absorption, possibility of cancer induction have been reported. Of those, dentigerous cyst can form in the periradicular region after formocresol pulpotomy caused by an alteration of the reduced enamel epithelium, which result in fluid accumulation between the epithelium and the tooth crown. The present case describes a 6-year-old girl who had accidentally discovered in the panoramic radiograph a single, well-defined, radioluscent area enclosing the second unerupted mandibular premolar. The second left primary molar had been pulpotomizied 3 year before. Surgical treatment was carried out, the primary molar was extracted and cystectomy was performed under local anesthesia. In the extracted second primary molar, formocresol cotton pellet was left in the pulp chamber. Histologic study confirmed the suspected diagnosis of dentigerous cyst. This report present a case of dentigerous cyst associated with inadequate formocresol pulpotomized deciduous molar.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.4
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• pp.435-442
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• 2006

A total of 167 peculiar haplotypes confirmed from 28 cpSR variants that were observed in 19 populations of Japanese red pine in Korea through cpSSR marker analysis. Thirteen individuals that showed identical haplotype dispersed evenly in 10 populations, and the average number of effective haplotype within population was 13.37. Estimate of genetic diversity (He) was 0.987 on the basis of cpSSR haplotype variants that was equivalent to or higher than the estimates reported in other studies on some forest tree species. Estimation of genetic diversity (S.I.) on the basis of cpSSR variants composing each haplotype revealed the highest estimate of 1.109 for the population of Gangwon-Yeongwol and the lowest estimate of 0.411 for the population of Gyeongbuk Mungyeong with the average of 0.887. Most of observed cpSSR variants appeared to exist commonly in 19 populations (97.62%), and genetic differentiation of cpSSR variants among populations was turned out to be weak (${\Phi}_{ST}=0.024$). Relatively fast rate of mutation of cpSSR marker might be a major cause for such weak population differentiation. There was no identical haplotype shared between 39 population pairs of 173 pair-wise population pairs. Estimation of genetic distance among 19 populations on the basis of population pairs was also impossible, that might be resulted from restricted migration among 19 populations. Considering the observed distribution patterns of cpSSR variants in addition to the previous studies on I-SSR variants, informations on the present geographic location and genetic status of populations should be considered together for effective sustainable management of the genetic resources of Japanese red pine in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.943-954
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• 2009

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the final and rate-limiting step of triglyceride synthesis. Both DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes code proteins with DGAT activity. Studies have shown DGAT1 polymorphisms associate with intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle, but fewer associations between DGAT2 and beef cattle economic traits have been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron3 of bovine DGAT2 and evaluate the associations of that with carcass, meat quality, and fat yield traits. Test animals were 157 commercial feedlot steers belonging to 3 Chinese native breeds (22 for Luxi, 24 for Jinnan, and 23 for Qinchuan), 3 cross populations (20 for Charolais${\times}$Fuzhou, 18 for Limousin ${\times}$Luxi, and 17 for Simmental${\times}$Jinan) and 1 Taurus pure breed population (16 Angus steers). In the current study, 15 SNP were discovered in intron3 and exon4 of DGAT2 at positions 65, 128, 178, 210, 241, 255, 270, 312, 328, 334, 365, 366, 371, 415, and 437 (named as their positions in PCR amplified fragments). Only 7 of them (128, 178, 241, 270, 312, 328, and 371) were analyzed, because SNP in three groups (65-128-255, 178-210-365 and 241-334-366) were in complete linkage disequilibrium within the group, and SNP 415 was a deletion and 437 was a null mutation. Frequencies for rare alleles in the 3 native breed populations were higher than in the 3 cross populations for 178 (p = 0.04), 270 (p = 0.001), 312 (p = 0.03) and 371 (p = 0.002). A general linear model was used to evaluate the associations between either SNP genotypes or allele substitutions and the measured traits. Results showed that SNP 270 had a significant association with the fat yield associated with kidney, pelvic cavity, heart, intestine, and stomach (KPHISY). Animals with genotype CC and CT for 270 had less (CC: -7.71${\pm}$3.3 kg and CT: -5.34${\pm}$2.5 kg) KPHISY than animals with genotype TT (p = 0.02). Allele C for 270 was associated with an increase of -4.26${\pm}$1.52 kg KPHISY (p = 0.006) and $-0.92{\pm}0.45%$ of retail cuts weight percentage (NMP, Retail cuts weight/slaughter body weight) (p = 0.045); allele G for 312 was associated with an increase of -5.45${\pm}$2.41 kg KPHISY (p = 0.026). An initial conclusion was that associations do exist between DGAT2 gene and carcass fat traits. Because of the small sample size of this study, it is proposed that further effort is required to validate these findings in larger populations.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.841-846
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• 2003

Landrace(L), Largewhite(Lw), Korean Native Pig(KNP) and commercial hybrid were experimented to determine holothane sensitivity, RYR gene mutation and quality profiles. In the results of halothane test, the incidence of halothane positive pigs was similar between L and Lw. But, the rate of dubious halothane positive type was higher in L than Lw. In hal-gene analysis, halothane-positive pigs(nn) were not found in any tested breed and heterotype(Nn) appeared only in one pig of L. Of the breed effect on the quality profiles, there were no differences in pH$_1$(pH at 1hr postslaughter), but pH$_{u}$(pH at 24hr postslaughter) was significantly higher in commercial hybrid and KNP than other breeds(p〈0.05). Color assessed by National Pork Producers Council(NPPC) and CIE L$^{*}$ was significantly paler in L breed than other breeds(p〈0.05). Significant differences were found in water holding capacity(WHC) and cooking loss in KNP(p〈0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.657-661
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• 2005

Various chemotherapeutic agents have been recommended for pulpotomy of primary teeth, and there are formocresol, ferric sulfate, and calcium hydroxide. Of those, formocresol has fixation effect of pulp tissue and high clinical success rate, so it is most commonly used agent. But formocresol has strong cytotoxic effects, thus many articles reported displacement and loss of permanent successor, amelogenesis imperfecta, mutation by general absorption, possibility of cancer induction. Recently, it has been reported that leakage by imperfect temporary sealing when FC-soaked cotton was inserted into the root canal caused necrosis of surrounding tissues. and that necrosis of alveolar bone related to the use of excessive formocresol. In this case, 2nd primary molar of upper left jaw was treated using formocresol in local clinic, but extracted because of lasting pain. Furthermore, symptoms didn't disappear so patient was refered to us. The patient was 8-year-old male, had foul odor from oral cavity and circular alveolar bone necrosis around the permanent successor' crown. Thus sequestrectomy was operated and observed through 19 months after operation, we found normal root development of permanent successor but no complete regeneration of alveolar bone defect and attached gingiva. Lesion of periodontal tissues by formocresol is irreversible, so we have to confirm the indication in using formocresol and pay attention to complete temporary sealing.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2015

Purpose: Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders with diverse modes of inheritance. There are several subtypes of SCAs. SCA 8, SCA 12, and SCA 17 are the less common forms of SCAs with limited information available on their epidemiological profiles in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SCA8, SCA12, and SCA17 in Korea. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six unrelated Korean patients were enrolled and showed normal trinucleotide repeats through polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) for the genes ATXN1, ATXN2, ATXN3, CACNA1A, and ATXN7, which correspond to SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, and SCA7, respectively. PCR products from patients were further analyzed by capillary electrophoresis using fluorescence labeled primers for the genes ATXN8OS, PPP2R2B, and TBP, which correspond to SCA8, SCA12, and SCA17. Results: Three patients had 104, 97, and 75 abnormal expanded repeats in the ATXN8OS gene, the causative gene for SCA8. None of the patients exhibited abnormal repeats in SCA12 and SCA17. Normal trinucleotide repeat ranges of the cohort in this study were estimated to be 17-34 copies (average, $24{\pm}4copies$) for SCA8, 7-18 copies (average, $13{\pm}3copies$) for SCA12, and 26-43 copies (average, $35{\pm}2copies$) for SCA17. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that SCA8, SCA12, and SCA17 are rare in Korean patients with SCA, and further genetic studies are warranted to enhance the mutation detection rate in the Korean SCA population.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1059-1064
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• 1996

The inhibitory effects of chitosan on mutagenicity induced by 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b] indole (Trp-P-2), sodium azide (SA), 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF), and 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO) were investigated using Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay and SOS Chromotest. In Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. Chitosan showed 24-65% of inhibitory effect against the mutagenicity of an indirect-acting mutagen, Trp-P-2. On the other hand, no inhibitory effect was observed against the mutagenicity of direct-acting mutagens (2-NF, SA). In SOS chromotest. chitosan showed 46-49% effects on SOS function induced by 4-NQO. Chitosan inhibited the mutagenicity induced by Trp-P-2 with 9-39% of inhibition rate. It was also evaluated whether inhibitory effect of chitosan is due to its bio-antimutagenic or desmutagenic action. Chitosan at high concentrations showed a bio-antimutagenicity with dose-dependent manner, but it showed a desmutagenicity at low concentrations against the mutation induced by Trp-P-2.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.7.1-7.7
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• 2009

"To be, or not to be?" This question is not only Hamlet's agony but also the dilemma of mitochondria in a cancer cell. Cancer cells have a high glycolysis rate even in the presence of oxygen. This feature of cancer cells is known as the Warburg effect, named for the first scientist to observe it, Otto Warburg, who assumed that because of mitochondrial malfunction, cancer cells had to depend on anaerobic glycolysis to generate ATP. It was demonstrated, however, that cancer cells with intact mitochondria also showed evidence of the Warburg effect. Thus, an alternative explanation was proposed: the Warburg effect helps cancer cells harness additional ATP to meet the high energy demand required for their extraordinary growth while providing a basic building block of metabolites for their proliferation. A third view suggests that the Warburg effect is a defense mechanism, protecting cancer cells from the higher than usual oxidative environment in which they survive. Interestingly, the latter view does not conflict with the high-energy production view, as increased glucose metabolism enables cancer cells to produce larger amounts of both antioxidants to fight oxidative stress and ATP and metabolites for growth. The combination of these two different hypotheses may explain the Warburg effect, but critical questions at the mechanistic level remain to be explored. Cancer shows complex and multi-faceted behaviors. Previously, there has been no overall plan or systematic approach to integrate and interpret the complex signaling in cancer cells. A new paradigm of collaboration and a well-designed systemic approach will supply answers to fill the gaps in current cancer knowledge and will accelerate the discovery of the connections behind the Warburg mystery. An integrated understanding of cancer complexity and tumorigenesis is necessary to expand the frontiers of cancer cell biology.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.142-151
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate genetic variation of early-heading rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin 1) lines derived from gamma-ray ($^{60}Co$, 300 Gy) irradiation. The average heading date of the 5 early-heading lines in $M_7$ and $M_8$ generation was faster than that of untreated control as 11 (line ${\gamma}$-2), 10 (line ${\gamma}$-5), 6 (${\gamma}$-1 line), 5 (${\gamma}$-3) and 4 days (line ${\gamma}$-4), respectively. According to ISSR analysis, polymorphic rate of the early-heading lines (from 5.9% to 23.4%) was higher than that of control (4.3%). The result indicates that the gamma-ray promote variation at DNA level. When genetic variations of rps16-trnK region were evaluated by nucleotide analysis, nucleotide length of the rps16-trnK region was 664 bp in all the early-heading lines and control. Out of 5 sites of nucleotide transposition detected in the region, however, 2 sites were appeared only in the early-heading lines.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.995-1000
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• 2014

The studies of marine viruses in terms of viral isolation and detection have been limited due to the high mutation rate and genetic diversity of marine viruses. Of the modern methods currently used to detect marine viruses, serological methods based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the most common. They depend largely on the quality of the antibodies and on highly purified suitable antigens. Recently, a new experimental system for using viral capsid protein as an antigen has been developed using the yeast surface display (YSD) technique. In the present study, the capsid protein gene of the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) was expressed and purified via YSD and HA-tagging systems, respectively. Two regions of the RGNNV capsid protein gene, RGNNV1 and RGNNV2, were individually synthesized and subcloned into a yeast expression vector, pCTCON. The expressions of each RGNNV capsid protein in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain EBY100 were indirectly detected by flow cytometry with fluorescently labeled antibodies, while recognizing the C-terminal c-myc tags encoded by the display vector. The expressed RGNNV capsid proteins were isolated from the yeast surface through the cleavage of the disulfide bond between the Aga1 and Aga2 proteins after ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol treatment, and they were directly detected by Western blot using anti-HA antibody. These results indicated that YSD and HA-tagging systems could be applicable to the expressions and purification of recombinant RGNNV capsid proteins.