• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a watermarking technology for a mixed music. The mixed music means recreated music that contained a number of musics in one audio clip. Royalty associated with the audio content is typically imposed by the full audio content. However, the calculation of royalties gives rise to conflict between copyright holders and users in the mixed music because it uses not full audio content but a fraction of that. To solve the conflict related with the mixed music, we propose a audio watermarking technique that inserts different watermarks for each audio in the audio that make up the mixed music. The proposed watermarking scheme might have poor SNR (signal to noise ratio) to embed to each audio clip. To overcome poor SNR problem, we used inaudible pseudo random sequence which modifies typical pseudo random sequence to canonical signed digit (CSD) form. The proposed method verifies the performance by each watermark extraction and the time internal estimation valies from the mixed music.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2021

Due to the growth of digital media technology, there is increasing demand of personalized education based on context data of learners throughout overall education area. For music education, several studies have been conducted for providing appropriate educational contents to learners by considering some factors such as the proficiency, the amount of practice, and their capability. In this paper, a technique has been defined to recommend the appropriate music scores to learners by extracting and analyzing the practice data and chord data. Concretely, several meaningful relationships among chords patterns and learners were analyzed and visualized by constructing the learners' profiles of proficiency, extracting the chord sequences from music scores. In addition, we showed the potential for use in personalized education by analyzing music similarity, learner's proficiency similarity, learner's proficiency of music and chord, mastered chords and chords sequence patterns. After that, the chord practice programs can be effectively generated considering various music scores using the synthetically summarized chord sequence graphs for the music scores that the learners selected.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.34
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• pp.315-353
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• 2017

This study examined the music policies of the three kings, Seongjong, Jungjong, and Injo, who were in power for about 200 years from the late 15th century to the early 17th century. These three kings deserve attention in musical history for different reasons. Sungjong published "Gugjooryeui"(1474), "Gyeong-gugdaejeon"(1476), and "Aghaggwebeom"(1493), the typical etiquette books, law books, and musical books that take the most important position in the history of Joseon, so his direction of music policy deserves attention. Jungjong was the king who rose to the throne after there was a revolt against Yeonsangun's tyranny. Injo ascended to the throne by starting a military coup d'etat himself. One may wonder how the aspect of music policies developed by a king, who was crowned by a revolt, is different from other cases. As each of these three kings had different background of enthronement and the contents of music policies in the royal family also developed with different emphasis, this study examined each aspect separately. Sungjong emphasized the importance of music and regarded it important to cultivate officials who know music. To this end, he gave a special order to Yejo(the office of protocol) and this study tried to clarify the contents first. In addition, this study examined the process, contents, and meaning of various modification works related to the revision of the lyrics used in the ceremonies. Jungjong supplemented the institutional aspects of music. This is the result of expressing the will to correct the anomalous and reckless music policies of the period of Yeonsangun. In addition, many words in the lyrics had been about Buddhist doctrines and love songs between male and female, so there were efforts to reform these. As for the period of Injo, this study examined the music policies that were made in the process of resolving the crisis after the war. It was a time when court musicians were scattered after two times of war and it was not possible to hold the national ritual properly, so music policies in this period were different from the ones in stable era. This study covered discussions on the measures to collect lost instruments and scattered musicians. It also looked at how the restoration effort was made in the situation that the music used in ancestral rites was abolished.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.16-25
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• 2008

Today, mobile phone is a necessity of modern life. For that reason, we suggest a particular system of a mobile phone which take a picture of music score image and automatically play it without any technical knowledges about the music score information. This experiment makes midi, acknowleging separate symbols via preprocessing to music score image taken. This paper utilizes 11 sorts of the score image taken by a mobile phone camera for this experiment. Through this method we suggest, as much as 98% on average takes place, which is very high recognizing ratio. Also, as we introduce this system in a mobile phone by porting, it takes 8.63 seconds on average to create midi following input of images.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2015

This study is dealing with sound of Hitchcock's movie <The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956)> from Peirce's semiotic perspective. This paper examined Peirce's theory prior to semiotic discussion, and analyzed the three elements of sound(speech, noise, music) depending on the type of sign that he presented. Music is possible to express emotions as an index through intervals. The instrument sound under firstness works as the element of narrative and it may be a dynamic object, transferred to the dicisign of secondness. Also, a word in speech is possible to represent an object allusively through an icon in the film. Noise and music as an index are serving to increase the tension of film. Meanwhile, two different genres of music on the juxtaposition are in charge of narrative function as a dicisign. Thus, Hitchcock's sound has various semiotic qualities of signification depending on the context.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.118-128
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• 2011

The function of music in a motion picture ranges widely from supporting the storyline to being the main storyline delivering the major plots. This trend and can be seen in recently produced films, advertising as well as in music videos. Many attempts were made to express music visually in the past. But it was through Disney's creative production, "Fantasia", that such attempts became a reality in a motion picture. This paper will look into the difference between the "Fantasia" and "Fantasia 2000" through a comparative analysis of the correlation between the musical element and the storyline of the 2 Disney animation movies. The most distinct difference is that the "Fantasia" has a storyline that is faithful to the original interpretation of the true meaning of the music, while, on the other hand, the "Fantasia 2000" has a storyline that endeavors to express the special features of the overall sound of individual pieces as best as possible. And the differences between the two animations, thus compiled, is hoped to facilitate and enhance a better understanding of the two Disney's finest animations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.485-495
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• 2010

This study analyzed the effect of singing music activities using media on audiation. The study selected 39 children from two 5-year-old child care center classes, they were divided into experiment group and control group. The collected data was analyzed by an analysis of covariance(ANCOVA), and conducted t-test on the data collected through pre and after examination using SPSS Win 12.0. The results reveal that the singing music activities using media was verified to have positive effect on audiation of children. In conclusion, using media with musical concept for children music education is need for building children's musical ability.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2009

In this study we tried to clarify the relation between an integrated music program and development of musical talents in children. The study was conducted for 60 children - who are 5 years old - selected from 2 kindergartens located in J city, Jeollabukdo, where Amadeus program is taught. We analyzed the actual musical contents and methods provided for the children and conducted pre and post-experiment tests to identify what kind of effects Amadeus program has on children. As a study method, we used PMMA(The Primary of music Audation) which has a capacity to objectively measure the improvement level of each individual. Study results are as follows: First, the teaching contents and methods in Amadeus program were analyzed. Second, the musical talents in children were found improved after the experiment, and accordingly the program was also deemed to have proved its effectiveness. And finally, the rhythmic senses in children also improved after the experiment, which confirms positive effects of the program.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2008

As mobile Web technology becomes more increasingly applicable. the mobile contents market. especially the music downloading for mobile phones, has recorded remarkable growth. In spite of this rapid growth, customers experience high levels of frustration in the process of searching for desired music contents. It affects to a re-purchasing rate of customers and also. music mubile content providers experience a decrease in the benefit. Therefore, in aspects of a customer relationship management (CRM), a new way to increase a benefit by providing a convenient shopping environment to mobile customers is necessary. As an solution for this situation, we propose a new music recommender system to enhance the customers' search efficiency by combining collaborative filtering with mobile web mining and ordinal scale based customer preferences. Some experiments are also performed to verify that our proposed system is more effective than the current recommender systems in the mobile Web.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.509-516
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the use of sound sources in music education for children, discuss how to use the digital sound sources, and explain the advantages and the disadvantages. The study participants collected data through focal group interviews with 8 preschool teachers interested in music education for children. The results of the study are as follows. Actual use of sound sources were divided into two categories: "Digital sound source is frequently used," "Need to play directly according to circumstances." The method of digital sound source use was divided into "Download as paid and provided as a cassette," "Playing sound sources directly from laptops and smartphones." Benefits and reasons for digital sound source use was divided into "Easy to use," and "Necessary when it is difficult to play the actual piece." Demerits of digital sound source use was divided into "Lacking variety" "Inconvenience of use." This study is believed to be meaningful in providing the basis for the provision of sound sources in music education for children and the basic sources of research on the use of sound sources.