• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Purpose: Leg-crossing sitting is very common for men and woman. No solid evidence exists for either a beneficial or a detrimental effect of this posture. This study investigated the change of activities of trunk muscles between the normal group and the low back pain group during various leg-crossing positions. Methods: The subjects were consisted of 10 subjects who don't have low back pain and 10 subjects who have low back pain. In this study, we used electromyography(EMG) to evaluate the activities of both the trunk muscles (rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and multifidus) during various leg-crossing positions (up-right, leg-crossing, tailor-crossing, and ankle-crossing). We analyzed the data by using repeated one way ANOVA. Results: In normal group, there were increased in EMG activities of trunk muscles, but no significant differences during leg-crossing positions. In back pain group, there were increased in EMG activities of right external oblique, left. internal oblique, and both multifidus muscles in leg-crossing and tailor-crossing position, but no significant differences during leg-crossing positions. There was no significant difference of muscle activity of trunk muscles between the back pain group and the normal group. Conclusion: We suggest that low back pain people who have weak muscles of rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique are often experienced in leg-crossing posture than normal. To compensate this unstability of trunk, leg-crossing posture is substituted passive structure for activities of active muscle.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1023-1032
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• 2001

The muscles relating to movement of painful low back was analyzed kinematically, by method of applying elastic tapes and putting non-elastic tapes on muscles involving those movements which cause pain and limitation of range of motion (ROM) in low back and trunk. Taping therapy which is effective for improvement of painful low back and which is supposed to facilitate the total and continual movement based on the postural reflexes will be presented in this paper. Fifty cases who had painful low back were investigated. Patients with painful low back were at first asked pain point and direction of painful movement, and then tested the muscles which are cause of those pain and limited motion. Before attaching tape, all subjects were divided into two groups, flexor pattern and extensor pattern, according to direction of increasing pain. Elastic tapes were applied from origin to insertion of objective muscles and non-elastic tapes were put on effective points of the muscles which were associated with respect to pain and limited ROM. As a result of this study, all subjects with low back pain significantly improved in pain and ROM at the low back. The longest treatment duration group for the low back pain cases was herniated lumbar disc(10.4 days) group. Low back pain have been treated by so many ways. muscles factor should be emphasized to be distinguish1y important to reduce low back pain. The muscles relating to make directly painful motion in low back and trunk should be confirmed by means of taping and painful motion should be analyzed by point of view of postural reflexes.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.327-339
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• 1997

This study aimed at evaluating tile relationship between pressure pain threshold(PPT) and electromyographic(EMG) activity in 30 healthy volunteers and 30 patients with temporomandibular disorders. PPTs were determined with electric pressure algometry over masseter, temporalis anterior, sternocleidomastoid, and trapezius muscle during resting and clenching. To obtain more reliable result, two examiners measured PPTs two times on each muscles, randomly. Resting and clenching EMG activity and tenderness of all muscles were measured to evaluate the relationship with PPTs. The collected data were processed by SAS/STAT program. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Pressure pain thresholds in tendered muscles were lower than those in non-tendered muscles. This tendency was more prominant in masticatory muscles than in cervical muscles and in clenching than in resting. 2. There ware a tendency of higher PPTs in unaffected side than in affected side, but there were no significant difference statistically. 3. There wert no difference of PPTs between in preferred side and in ipsilateral side, significantly. 4. There was a significantly positive correlation between resting and clenching PPTs, but there were no correlation between PPTs and EMG activities. 5. Comparison of EMG activity between in higher group and in lower group by resting PPTs didn't show any significant difference. But resting EMG activity in the higher group of clenching PPTs were lower, on the contrary, clenching activity were higher than those in lower groups of clenching PPTs. From this results, the author concluded that the clenching PPTs was more important than resting PPTs in diagnosis of muscle dysfunction. And the author recommanded that all of three following test were performed for the proper diagnosis and treatment of orofacial Pain : muscle tenderness, EMG activity, and PPT.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of patellar height on quadriceps muscles' electromyography (EMG) activity during a squat exercise in adults with patella baja. For the study, we recruited 15 volunteers who had patella baja on the right side. We measured the EMG activity of the right rectus femoris, vastus medialis oblique, and vastus lateralis muscles during squat exercises under two conditions, specifically with and without an infra-patellar strap. The infra-patellar strap was applied below the tested patella to elevate the patella to a normal height. A paired t-test was used to compare the effects of patella height on EMG activity of the quadriceps muscles. The EMG activity of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis oblique (VMO), and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles were significantly decreased during the squat exercise with the infra-patellar strap compared to the same exercise without the infra-patellar strap (p<.05), while the VMO/VL ratio was not different significantly between two conditions (p>.05). The findings of this study suggest that an infra-patellar strap may benefit people with patellar baja, as changes in patellar height could improve the efficiency of the quadriceps muscles.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.210-217
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• 2014

This study is to present objective data for the approaches of therapeutic exercise for the correction of genu varum by making an analysis and a comparison of the hip joints' ROM and isokinetic muscles of the female college students with straight legs with those of a female college student with idiopathic genu varum. Additionally, the state of the adductor muscle's thighs and the deep muscles of the subjects with bowed legs were experimented and the equipment's effect and applicability was reviewed through the process of the movement of newly developed exercise equipment, Balloa(2013, Balloa/Adonia/Korea). As a result, a person with genu varum needs the height increasing method for increasing external rotation ROM of a hip joint and requires the exercise techniques to strengthen external rotator muscles and to inhibit the activity of internal rotator muscles of a hip joint. Balloa increases the external rotation ROM of a hip joint and strengthens gluteal muscles, deep muscles, and adductor muscles, and the equipment's function of muscle strengthening shows that the equipment is an effective corrective exercise for the patients of genu varum.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2017

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of core and abdominal muscle-strengthening exercises on muscle activity in the lower extremity on unexpected perturbation. Methods: Twenty subjects were randomly divided into the core exercise group (n=10) or the abdominal muscles strengthening group (n=10). The two groups performed their exercises during three sessions a week for a total of four weeks. The muscle activity in the lower muscles (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius) was assessed using surface electromyography (EMG) and normalized maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) before and after the exercises. Results: An increase in the tibialis anterior activity after the core and abdominal muscles strengthening exercises was found after four weeks. A significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise was found. The gastrocnemius muscle activity increased in the core exercise group more than the abdominal muscles strengthening group. However, the difference was not significant. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the core and abdominal muscles strengthening exercises increased the tibialis anterior muscle activity. It is expected to help make more balance ability that affect who has abdominal muscles weakness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2003

Purpose: The strength of hand grip, low back muscles and knee joint muscles were measured and then compared to the bone mineral density (BMD) of each forearm bones (including ulna and radius), lumbar spine, and femur in young women in order to identify the relationship between muscle strength and bone mineral density. Method: The BMD was measured with a Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and muscle strength was measured with a handgrip dynamometer and a Cybex Norm. Data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, means, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Result: 1) Higher grip strength correlated positively with higher BMD in the forearm (r=.246, p=.007), higher low back extensor strength with higher BMD in the femur (neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle)($r=.323{\sim}.226$, $p=.003{\sim}.043$) and higher strength in the knee joint extensor with higher BMD in the lumbar spine (r=.227, p=.041), femur neck, and femur trochanter significantly ($r=.295{\sim}.226$, $p=.007{\sim}.043$). There was no significant correlation between the strength of low back extensors and BMD in the lumbar spine, now with strength of knee joint flexor and the BMD in the femur. 2) The muscle strength of each part of the body had significant positive correlations to each other part ($r=.255{\sim}.728$ $p=.021{\sim}.000$) Conclusion: The results of this study showed that with the development of a muscle there was an increased BMD of the corresponding part, and the BMD of each part was influenced by adjacent muscles. To promote the health of bones, it is important to strengthen the muscles of related bones, based on balanced development of all muscles.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.584-590
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• 2012

This study evaluated the effects of carnosine supplementation on carnosine concentration in muscles and blood biochemical indices of rats. Thirty-two eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into a control group (CON) as well as three carnosine-treated groups. The carnosine-treated groups included groups fed diets composed of 0.01% carnosine (LC), 0.1% carnosine (MC), and 1.0% carnosine (HC). Body weight gain, food intake, feed efficacy rate, protein efficacy rate, and organ weights were not significantly different among the groups. In all groups, the mean carnosine levels in gastrocnemius muscles were higher than the mean carnosine levels in soleus muscles. Carnosine concentrations in soleus muscles and gastrocnemius muscles were significantly higher in the HC group compared to all other groups (p<0.05). Serum triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in all of the carnosine-supplemented groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05), while HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). Aspartate aminotransferase levels in rats supplemented with carnosine were significantly higher than those of the control group. In conclusion, diets supplemented with high levels of carnosine can increase carnosine concentrations in skeletal muscles, which might contribute to increased exercise capacity. Furthermore, these findings suggest that high levels of dietary carnosine improve the lipid profile of rats by lowering blood LDL-cholesterol and increasing HDL-cholesterol levels.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.313-320
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between masticatory muscle thickness and mandibular morphology in young Korean adults with normal occlusion and mandibular prognathism. Patients and Methods: Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) was used to measure the masticatory muscle thickness on the right side in 100 Korean young adults (50 normal occlusion group, 50 mandibular prognathism group). Cephalometric analysis was done to measure mandibular morphology. Pearson correlation analysis was done to investigate the relationship between the masticatory muscle thickness and mandibular morphometry. Results: The four masticatory muscles showed positive correlation with intergonial width in all subjects. All muscles, except temporalis, positively correlated with height of the ramus and mandibular length. Positive correlation was also observed in all muscles, except medial pterygoid, with thickness of the ramus. In the normal occlusion group, all four masticatory muscles showed positive correlation with intergonial width and ramus thickness. Positive correlation was also observed in all muscles (except lateral pterygoid) with mandibular length. Masseter and lateral pterygoid positively correlated with height of the ramus. In the mandibular prognathism group, all masticatory muscles, except lateral pterygoid, showed positive correlation with intergonial width. The masseter muscle showed negative correlation with ANB. Conclusion: The results suggest a positive correlation of the thickness of masticatory muscles with both horizontal and vertical dimensions of the mandible. However, thickness of the masseter was found to decrease in patients with increasing severity of mandibular prognathism.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Anticipatory postural adjustments is an example of the ability of the central nervous system to predict the consequence of the mechanical effect of movement on posture and helps minimize a forth coming disturbance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sequence of activation of the trunk muscles during the performance of hip and shoulder movement and to determine the relationship between anticipatory activity and subjects' motor and functional status in subjects with hemiplegia post stroke. Twenty-four poststroke hemiparetic patients enrolled in this study. Electromyographic activity of the lumbar erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, and of the obliquus internus muscles was recorded bilaterally during flexion of both arm and from the rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, and obliquus internus muscles during flexion of both hip. Onset latencies of trunk muscles were partially delayed in the subjects with hemiplegia post stroke (p<.05). With upper limb flexion, the onset of erector spinae muscle and latissimus dorsi muscle activity preceded the onset of deltoid on both side respectively (p<.05). A similar sequence of activation occurred with lower limb flexion. Also the onset of external oblique muscle and rectus abdominis muscle activity preceded the onset of rectus femoris muscle on both side (p<.05). Major impairments in the activity of trunk muscles in hemiparetic subjects were manifested in delayed onset between activation of pertinent muscular pairs. These problems were associated with motor and functional deficits and warrant specific consideration during physical rehabilitation of post stroke hemiparetic patients.