Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2012.32.5.584

Effects of Carnosine Supplementation on Carnosine Concentrations in Muscles and Blood Biochemical Indices of Rats  

Yi, Hae-Chang (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University)
Kim, Mi-Young (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University)
Choi, Chang-Sun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University)
Kim, Young-Nam (Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University)
Han, Chan-Kyu (Biogeron Technology Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute)
Lee, Bog-Hieu (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University)
Publication Information
Food Science of Animal Resources / v.32, no.5, 2012 , pp. 584-590 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of carnosine supplementation on carnosine concentration in muscles and blood biochemical indices of rats. Thirty-two eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into a control group (CON) as well as three carnosine-treated groups. The carnosine-treated groups included groups fed diets composed of 0.01% carnosine (LC), 0.1% carnosine (MC), and 1.0% carnosine (HC). Body weight gain, food intake, feed efficacy rate, protein efficacy rate, and organ weights were not significantly different among the groups. In all groups, the mean carnosine levels in gastrocnemius muscles were higher than the mean carnosine levels in soleus muscles. Carnosine concentrations in soleus muscles and gastrocnemius muscles were significantly higher in the HC group compared to all other groups (p<0.05). Serum triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in all of the carnosine-supplemented groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05), while HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). Aspartate aminotransferase levels in rats supplemented with carnosine were significantly higher than those of the control group. In conclusion, diets supplemented with high levels of carnosine can increase carnosine concentrations in skeletal muscles, which might contribute to increased exercise capacity. Furthermore, these findings suggest that high levels of dietary carnosine improve the lipid profile of rats by lowering blood LDL-cholesterol and increasing HDL-cholesterol levels.
Keywords
carnosine; muscle carnosine; lipid profile; rats;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By Web Of Science : 0  (Related Records In Web of Science)
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Aristoy, M. C., Soler, C., and Toldra, F. (2004) A simple, fast and reliable methodology for the analysis of histidine dipeptides as markers of the presence of animal origin proteins in feeds for ruminants. Food Chem. 84, 485-491.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Artun, B., Kusku-Kiraz, Z., Gulluoglu, M., Cevikbas, U., Kocak-Toker, N., and Uysal, M. (2010) The effect of carnosine pretreatment on oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in binge ethanol administered rats. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 29, 659-665.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Aydin, A. F., Kusku-Kiraz, Z., Dogru-Abbasoglu, S., Gulluoglu, M., Uysal, M., and Kocak-Toker, N. (2010) Effect of carnosine against thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rat. Peptides 31, 67-71.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Bailey, D. M., Davies, B., Young, I. S., Hullin, D. A., and Seddon, P. S. (2001) A potential role for free radical-mediated skeletal muscle soreness in the pathophysiology of acute mountain sickness. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 72, 513-521.
5 Bogardus, S. L. and Boissonneault, G. A. (2000) Carnosine inhibits in vitro low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Nutr. Res. 20, 967-976.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Boldyrev, A. A. (1990) Retrospectives and perspectives on the biological activity of histidine-containing dipeptides. Int. J. Biochem. 22, 129-132.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Bump, K. D., Lawrence, L. M., Moser, L. R., Miller-Graber, P. A., and Kurcz, E. V. (1990) Effect of breed of horse on muscle carnosine concentration. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. Comp. Physiol. 96, 195-197.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Decker, E. A. (1995) The role of phenolics, conjugated linoleic acid, carnosine and pyrroloquinoline quinone as nonessential dietary antioxidants. Nutr. Rev. 53, 49-58.
9 Decker, E. A., Ivanov, V., Zhu, B. Z., and Frei, B. (2001) Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by carnosine histidine. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 511-516.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 No, J. C., Kim, H. T., Chae, C. H., Lee, S. H., and Ah, E. N. (2004) The effect of L-carnosine administration and aerobic exercise on blood lipid peroxidation and endurance performance ability in rats. Korean J. Exer. Nutr. 8, 79-85.
11 Petersen, E. W., Ostrowski, K., Ibfelt, T., Richelle, M., Offord, E., Halkjaer-Kristensen, J., and Pedersen, B. K. (2001) Effect of vitamin supplementation on cytokine response and on muscle damage after strenuous exercise. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 280, C1570-C1575.
12 Pavlov, A. R., Revina, A. A., Dupin, A. M., Boldyrev, A. A., and Yaropolov, A. I. (1993) The mechanism of interaction of carnosine with superoxide radicals in water solutions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1157, 304-312.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Plowman, J. E. and Close, E. A. (1988) An evaluation of a method to differentiate the species of orgin of meats on the basis of the contents of anserine, balenine and carnosine in skeletal muscle. J. Sci. Food Agric. 45, 69-78.   DOI
14 Sato, M., Karasawa, N., Shimizu, M., Morimatsu, F., and Yamada, R. (2008) Safety evaluation of chicken breast extract containing carnosine and anserine. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, 480-489.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Suzuki, Y., Ito, O., Mukai, N., Takahashi, H., and Takamatsu, K. (2002) High level of skeletal muscle carnosine contributes to the latter half of exercise performance during 30-s maximal cycle ergometer sprinting. Jpn. J. Physiol. 52, 199-205.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Takahashi, Y., Zhu, H., and Yoshimoto, T. (2005) Essential roles of lipoxygenases in LDL oxidation and development of atherosclerosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal 7, 425-431.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Tamaki, N., Funatsuka, A., Fujimoto, S., and Hama, T. (1984) The utilization of carnosine in rats fed on a histidine-free diet and its effect on the levels of tissue histidine and carnosine. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 30, 541-551.   DOI
18 del Favero, S., Roschel, H., Solis, M. Y., Hayashi, A. P., Artioli, G. G., Otaduy, M. C., Benatti, F. B., Harris, R. C., Wise, J. A., Leite, C. C., Pereira, R. M., de Sá-Pinto, A. L., Lancha- Junior, A. H., and Gualano, B. (2012) Beta-alanine ($Carnosyn^{TM}$) supplementation in elderly subjects (60-80 years): effects on muscle carnosine content and physical capacity. Amino Acids 43, 1-8.   DOI
19 Dunnett, M., Harris, R. C., Soliman, M. Z., and Suwar, A. A. S. (1997) Carnosine anserine and taurine contents in individual fibres from the middle gluteal muscle of the camel. Res. Vet. Sci. 62, 213-216.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Dunnett, M. and Harris, R. C. (1999) Influence of oral betaalanine and L-histidine supplementation on the carnosine content of the gluteus medius. Equine Vet. J. Suppl. 30, 499- 504.
21 Duthie, G. G. and Bellizzi, M. C. (1999) Effects of antioxidants on vascular health. Br. Med. Bull. 55, 568-577.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I., and Fredrickson, D. S. (1972) Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem. 18, 499-502.
23 Gariballa, S. E. and Sinclair, A. J. (2000) Carnosine: physiological properties and therapeutic potential. Age Aging. 29, 207-210.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Guiotto, A., Calderan, A., Ruzza, P., and Borin, G. (2005) Carnosine and carnosine-related antioxidants: a review. Curr. Med. Chem. 12, 2293-2315.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Hermanussen, M., Gonder, U., Stegemann, D., Wesolowski, M., Ulewicz-Magulska, B., Wartensleben, H., and Hoffmann, G. F. (2012) How much chicken is food? Questioning the definition of food by analyzing amino acid composition of modern convenience products. Anthropol. Anz. 69, 57-69.   DOI
26 Wolford, S. T., Schroer, R. A., Gohs, F. X., Gallo, P. P., Brodeck, M., Falk, H. B., and Ruhren, R. (1986) Reference range data base for serum chemistry and hematology values in laboratory animals. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 18, 161-188.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Yan, S. L., Wu, S. T., Yin, M. C., Chen, H. T., and Chen, H. C. (2009) Protective effects from carnosine and histidine on acetaminophen-induced liver injury. J. Food Sci. 74, H259-H265.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Ibrahim, W., Tatumi, V., Yeh, C. C., Hong, C. B., and Chow, C. K. (2008) Effects of dietary carnosine and vitamin E on antioxidant and oxidative status of rats. Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 78, 230-237.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Hill, C. A., Harris, R. C., Kim, H. J., Harris, B. D., Sale, C., Boobis, L. H., Kim, C. K., and Wise, J. A. (2007) Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids 32, 225-233.   DOI
30 Jackson, M. C. and Lenney, J. F. (1996) The distribution of carnosine and related dipeptides in rat and human tissues. Inflamm. Res. 45, 132-135.   DOI
31 Ji, L. L. (1995) Oxidative stress during exercise: implication of antioxidant nutrients. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 18, 1079-1086.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Klebanov, G. I., Teselkin, Y. O., Babenkova, I. V., Popov, I. N., Levin, G., Tyulina, O. V., Boldyrev, A. A., and Vladimirov, Y. A. (1997) Evidence for a direct interaction of superoxide anion radical with carnosine. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 43, 99-106.
33 Lee, Y. T., Hsu, C. C., Lin, M. H., Liu, K. S., and Yin, M. C. (2005) Histidine and carnosine delay diabetic deterioration in mice and protect human low density lipoprotein against oxidation and glycation. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 513, 145-150.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Liu, W. H., Liu, T. C., and Yin, M. C. (2008) Beneficial effects of histidine and carnosine on ethanol-induced chronic liver injury. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, 1503-1509.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Mastaloudis, A., Leonard, S. W., and Traber, M. G. (2001) Oxidative stress in athletes during extreme endurance exercise. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 31, 911-922.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Maynard, L. M., Boissonneault, G. A., Chow, L. K., and Bruckner, G. G. (2001) High levels of dietary carnosine are associated with increased concentrations of carnosine and histidine in rat soleus muscle. J. Nutr. 131, 287-290.
37 Nardone, A., Romanò, C., and Schieppati, M. (1989) Selective recruitment of high-threshold human motor units during voluntary isotonic lengthening of active muscles. J. Physiol. 409, 451-471.   DOI