• ANNALS OF ANIMAL RESOURCE SCIENCES
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.172-182
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• 2018

The present study was undertaken to examine if the carcass and pork quality of finishing pigs reared on a low plane of nutrition (LPN) could be improved compared with that of the pigs finished on a high plane of nutrition (HPN). Sixty-eight crossbred (LYD) barrows and 68 LYD gilts weighing approximately 50 kg were fed a diet containing 3.54 Mcal DE/kg with 1.00% lysine (HPN) or 3.02 Mcal DE/kg with 0.68% lysine (LPN) in eight pens up to approximately 120 kg and slaughtered. The belly, loin, ham, and Boston butt were cut out from a total of 20 carcasses, after which physicochemical and sensory quality attributes of the belly and the representative muscle of each of the loin, ham, and Boston butt were evaluated. The ADG, gain:feed ratio, and backfat thickness were less for LPN than for HPN (p<0.05). The cooking loss, hardness, and chewiness values for the Boston butt were less for LPN vs. HPN. In sensory evaluation for fresh meat (muscle), the subjective quality scores were greater for LPN vs. HPN in color, marbling, and acceptability for the loin, the muscle:fat balance score for the belly tending to be greater for LPN (p<0.10). In addition, LPN was superior to HPN in the flavor and juiciness in sensory evaluation for cooked ham. In conclusion, the present results suggest that the carcass and pork quality of finishing pigs could be improved with reduced growth performance by using LPN.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.217-226
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• 2004

This study was canied out to evaluate the quality characteristics of the fermented pork with Korean traditional seasonings. The samples, outside muscle of pork ham were cut to cube(7 ${\times}$ 12 ${\times}$ 2cm) and five Korean traditional seasonings such as garlic paste(TI), pickled Kimchi(T2), pickled Kimchi juice(T3), soybean paste(T4), red pepper paste(T5) were seasoned by the proportions of meat to seasonings(1 : 1). The seasoned samples were fennented at - 1 ${\pm}$ 1$^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. According to proximate composition analysis, all pork samples contained protein 20 ${\sim}$ 22%, fat 3 ${\sim}$ 5%, moisture 64 ${\sim}$ 70% and ash 1.8 ${\sim}$ 2.0%. However, T5 had high crude fat level and relatively low moisture content. The highest pH among treatments was shown in TI whereas T3 showed the lowest. Water holding capacity(WHC) of T4 and T5 were higher, while those values were lower in T3 compared with other treatment. Shear force value was the highest in T5, while it was the lowest in T4. TBARS value of T3 was the highest, while that was the lowest in T4. Moreover the highest VBN value was observed in T4 due to fermentation of soy protein. However, the lowest VBN value shown in Tl indicated the inhibition of protein degradation by the garlic. The highest saccarinity was shown in T5 but it was the lowest of in T3. Salinity was shown to be high in T2 and low in T5. $L^*$ values of T4 was higher both at the surface and inner side of samples than the others but T5 showed the lowest value. T2 showed the highest $a^*$ value but T4 and T5 showed the lowest. In the result of sensory evaluation for cooked meat, T5 had the highest score in all item including overall acceptability, while T4 had the lowest score. Unsaturated fatty acid(UFA) ratio of T5 and n were 72.16 and 69.93 respectively, and the ratio of UFA/Saturated fatty acid(SFA) were higher in the order of T5 >T4> T3 >Tl >T2. Overall quality characteristics were higher in the order of T5 >T2 >Tl >T4 >T3.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.430-435
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• 2005

Current study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic selenium supplementation originated from mushroom culture medium on meat quality of Hanwoo sleets. The result showed that organic selenium supplementation of 0.9 ppm (DM based ratio) for 2 (T1), 4 (T2) and 6 (T3) months had no effect on moisture content in longissimus muscle, with 63 to $66\%$ compared to non-supplemented control group Similarly, intramuscular fat content ranged from 11.7 to $16.4\%$ did not differ between the treatment groups (p>0.05). T3 group showed the highest protein content with $20.8\%$ while T2 group had the lowest content with $19.2\%$ The data indicated that organic selenium supplementation to the experimental concentration had indictable effect on proximate composition The treatments similarly had no influence on physical and biological characteristics of longissimus muscle, where cooking loss and shear force ranged from 20 to $21\%$ and from 3.6 to 4.4kg, respectively. On the other hand, muscle pH at 24 h postmortem showed 5.52, 5.57, 5.50, 5.50 for control, T1, T2 and T3, respectively, indicating that the longer feeding period resulted in the lower ultimate un A similar trend was observed from water-holding capacity (63.8, 64.4 and $64.2\%$ for T1, T2 and T3, respectively) which was significantly higher than con01 group of $59.5\%$ For sensory evaluation, juiciness did not differ between the treatment groups, but n and n (5.30 and 5.28, respectively) showed significantly tender mat Particularly, T2 group received significantly higher flavor score among the treatment groups including controls. The data indicated that organic selenium supplementation to the experimental concentration had no effect on beef quality, but the treatment effect on anti-oxidation function is remained for further studies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.861-867
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• 2005

Feeding values of soybean hulls (SH) were compared to those of wheat bran (WB) for swine diets by chemical compositions, a digestion trial, a preference test by self-selection, and two feeding trials. The SH and the WB appeared to have, on airdry basis, 11.1 vs. 15.4% CP, 32.5 vs. 8.7% crude fiber (CF), 36.8 vs. 10.7% ADF, 0.6 vs. 0.1% Ca, and 492 vs. 92 ppm Fe, respectively. Lysine and total sulfur-containing amino acids in the SH were 0.66 vs. 0.37%, respectively. Apparent digestibility values of the SH were 71% for dry matter, 50% for CP, and 74% for CF. Apparent digestible energy and MEn values of the SH were 2,420 and 2,370 kcal kg$^-1$, respectively, which were comparable to those of the WB, 2,420 and 2,275 kcal kg$^-1$ (NRC, 1998), respectively. The first feeding trial was conducted with 72 crossbred growing pigs with an average weight of 29.6 kg. The pigs when fed the diets containing 0, 6 and 10% SH by replacing the WB on a weight basis for 42 days did not show significant differences in body weight gain and feed/gain ratio among the treatments. The same trends were observed in the second trial with 60 crossbred finishing pigs with an average weight of 64.5 kg when fed the diets containing 12% SH or WB for 41 days. Back-fat thickness and adjusted loin eye muscle area of the finisher pigs were also not significantly different between the two groups. When allowed to self-select from two different feed troughs containing 10% SH or WB for two weeks, two groups of 80 pigs with 10 pigs per pen consumed the two diets exactly in equal proportion. In conclusion, the soybean hulls can be included up to 10 and 12% for growing or finishing pig diets, respectively, replacing the wheat bran on a weight basis without any adverse effects on palatability of diets and animal performances.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.69-75
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate effects of the combination with Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), Gastrodia Rhizoma (Gastrodia elata Blume) and Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg) on metabolic disorders including cholesterol and erectile dysfunction in hyperlipidemia rats.Methods : Animals were divided into six groups; Control with normal diet, high fat/cholesterol-diet (HFCD), fluvastatin, Korean Red Ginseng treated (KRG), and the combination treated (Korean Red Ginseng, Gastrodia Rhizoma and Polygoni Multiflori Radix; 1:1:1 for KGP1 and 2:1:1 for KGP2). The experimental groups initially received HFCD for 10 weeks and then treated orally with fluvastatin, KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 during the final 6 weeks. Erectile function was determined by the measurements of intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and maximal arterial pressure (MAP) after electrical stimulation of the cavernosal nerve.Results : KGP2 decreased the level of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the sera of HFCD rats without no changes of body weights. KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 decreased the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels except of fluvastatin, synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 significantly increased the ICP, ICP/MAP ratio, area under the curve (AUC) compared with those of normal rat. Morphometric analyses showed that KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 increased the volume of smooth muscle and the regular arrangement of collagen fibers in corpus cavernosum of HFCD rats. The penile expression of eNOS was increased by KRG, KGP1 and KGP2.Conclusions : Based on these results, we suggest that the combination with Korean Red Ginseng, Gastrodia Rhizoma and Polygoni Multiflori may improve hyperlipidemia through regulating the lipid profiles and erectile dysfunction in rats.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.74-87
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• 2017

Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival in locally advanced gastric cancer, but it is associated with significant toxicity. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity have been studied in several types of cancers and have been reported to be associated with higher chemotherapy toxicity and morbi-mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia/sarcopenic obesity in patients with gastric cancer, as well as its association with chemotherapy toxicity and long-term outcomes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using an academic cancer center patient cohort diagnosed with locally advanced gastric cancer between January 2012 and December 2014 and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We analyzed body composition (skeletal muscle and visceral fat index) in axial computed tomography images. Results: A total of 48 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was $68{\pm}10years$, and 33 patients (69%) were men. Dose-limiting toxicity was observed in 22 patients (46%), and treatment was terminated early owing to toxicity in 17 patients (35%). Median follow-up was 17 months. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were found at diagnosis in 23% and 10% of patients, respectively. We observed an association between termination of chemotherapy and both sarcopenia (P=0.069) and sarcopenic obesity (P=0.004). On multivariate analysis, the odds of treatment termination were higher in patients with sarcopenia (odds ratio=4.23; P=0.050). Patients with sarcopenic obesity showed lower overall survival (median survival of 6 months [95% confidence interval {CI}=3.9-8.5] vs. 25 months [95% CI=20.2-38.2]; log-rank test P=0.000). Conclusions: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were associated with early termination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer; additionally, sarcopenic obesity was associated with poor survival.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.684-692
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• 2011

The present study furthered this research by determining the optimal level of inuloprebiotics derived from Korean Jerusalem artichoke to promote growth in broiler chickens. On hatch day, 320 male Ross 308 broilers were randomly allotted to four groups for a 35-day feeding regimen. The groups were a control (no supplementation), diet supplementation with antibiotics (8 ppm avilamycin), supplementation with 200 ppm inuloprebiotics, and supplementation with 250 ppm inuloprebiotics. Body weight and feed intake were comparably high in the two inuloprebiotics groups, and exceeded the values for the control and antibiotics groups. Body weight and feed intake was higher in chickens fed the antibiotics supplemented diet, compared to controls. There were significant differences among treatment groups. Feed conversion ratio during total experimental periods was significantly high in the control group compared to the inuloprebiotics-fed groups, but no significant difference was evident using antibiotics or inuloprebiotics dietary supplementation. Carcass weight, dressing percentage, and weight of breast and thigh muscle were significantly higher for inuloprebiotics-fed chickens, compared with control and antibiotic-fed chickens. Inuloprebiotics concentration was not significant, while antibiotics-fed chickens displayed significantly higher values than control chickens. Abdominal fat was significantly reduced (19.08%-23.30%) and blood immunoglobulin and the weight of the thymus and Bursa of Fabricius were significantly increased in chickens receiving inuloprebiotics-supplemented feed, compared to control and antibiotics fed groups. In the lower intestine, the viable counts of beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus) were significantly increased and counts of harmful bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.) were significantly decreased in the presence of the inuloprebiotics, compared to control and antibiotic. The present results support 200 ppm as an optimal level of Korean Jerusalem artichoke-derived inuloprebiotics as a dietary supplement to improve growth in broiler chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1599-1609
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• 2020

Objective: This study was designed to determine how feeding diets differing in crude protein (CP) and undegraded intake protein (UIP) levels affected productivity, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics, and the production economics of Hanwoo steers. Methods: Thirty-six Hanwoo steers (age = 8.2±0.5 mo; body weight = 254±16.1 kg) were assigned at random to one of three treatments (4 steers/pen; 3 pens/treatment): i) a low-CP diet (LP; control) containing 12.1% CP with 35.1% UIP, 12.0% CP with 36.8% UIP, and 12.9% CP with 48.8% UIP, in the growing, fattening, and finishing periods, respectively; ii) a high-CP, low-UIP diet (HPLU) containing 15.0% CP with 33.7% UIP, 14.0% CP with 35.7% UIP, and 13.1% CP with 46.7% UIP, respectively; and iii) a high-CP, high-UIP diet (HPHU) containing 15.0% CP with 45.8% UIP, 14.0% CP with 44.6% UIP, and 13.0% CP with 51.1% UIP, respectively. Results: The treatments did not affect feed intake and growth performance, except for average daily gain during the fattening period that tended to be the lowest (p = 0.08) in the HPLU-fed steers. The feed CP conversion ratio over the entire feeding period was higher with high-CP diets. The treatments did not affect most blood metabolites; however, blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations during the fattening and finishing periods were the lowest in steers fed a HPLU diet. The treatments had negligible effects on cold carcass weight, yield traits including longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, yield index, and yield grade, plus quality traits including meat color, fat color, texture, and maturity. However, marbling score and frequency of carcass quality grade 1⁺⁺ were greater in HPHU-fed steers. Conclusion: Feeding diets with higher CP and UIP levels did not affect growth performance but tended to improve the carcass quality of Hanwoo steers, resulting in greater economic return.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5299-5304
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• 2012

MRI signals are significantly reduced by the magnetic field inhomogenity result from human body itself being consisted of various materials like air, fat, muscle, bone and blood vessels. In this study we used silicon which is tissue equivalent to compensate wound body shapes. Objects were eight adults who do not have any special symptoms. Feet were scanned because of their complicated structures and consequently signal reduction occurs a lot. Thirty images were acquired from the middle of arcus pedis longitudinalis including five distal phalanges parallel to the line connecting metatarsal bone and phalanges. SNR data from bones and soft tissues were compared before and after sticking silion between toes and paired t test was performed. It was came out that SNR data from bone and soft tissue were both significantly higher after applying silicon on both T1 and T2 weighted images and it was statistically meaningful having positive corelation. As a result, this study dramatically increases SNR without affecting object by increasing the object volume inside the surface coil.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2006

Purpose: In the professional soccer team, we performed pre-seasonal physical examination and analyzed the results to establish a standardization data in relation to their position. Materials and Methods: We performed physical examination to the professional soccer team, consisted 34 player's average age 24.9 years. The examination performed were questionnaire on history, musculoskeletal examination, muscle power test, physiologic test, functional test. Results: According to the relationship between player position and injury pattern,. Knee injuries are most frequent on history. Physical examination outcome was that forward were prone to flexor hallucis longus tendinitis, midfielder for chronic ankle instability, defender for achilles tendinitis. Isokinetic test was done at dominant side, Peak torque to body weight ratio was 55.1%. Physiologic test checked body fat percentage was midfielder was superior as 19.8 (SD 2.9). Functional test out-come was that back strength 125 N. sergeant jump 59.6 cm, reaction time 208.5 sec, flexibility 19.2 m/s, side step 39.9 cm. Conclusion: Pre-seasonal physical examination gave us the standardization data and preventive measurement could be advocated from this results.