• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.284-295
• /
• 2020

This study focuses on reinforcement agents for wall damage, such as cracks, breakage, or delamination, for mural paintings from the Payathonzu temple. Experiments were conducted with filling and grouting agents based on the reinforcing method. In the filling reinforcement experiment, different mixing ratios of lime to sand, and additives (jaggery, seaweed glue, and Primal SF-016) were used. In the grouting reinforcement experiment, the mixing ratio of lime and pozzolan was the same, and the additive types were identical to the filling reinforcement experiment. The filling reinforcement experiment showed that there were fewer physical changes such as contraction, with a greater mixing ratio of lime to sand, however, the compressive strength decreased as the mixing ratio increased. With additives, the change in volume of agent decreased and the compressive strength increased, which was especially prominent for jaggery and Primal SF-016. The grouting reinforcement experiment showed that there was a remarkable contraction with an increased amount of moisture that originates from the characteristic of grouting agents that requires flowability. With additives, the water content of the agent decreased, whereas the compressive strength and adhesion increased. Among the additives, Primal SF-016 exhibited the highest compressive strength, and seaweed glue exhibited the most considerable viscosity and adhesion. The study results showed that the characteristics of reinforcement agents vary according to the mixing ratio and additives of the filling and grouting agents. Therefore, it is necessary to selectively apply the mixing ratio and additives for different reinforcement agents considering the wall damage for conservation treatments.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.54-68
• /
• 2006

Suhainmyuldo (樹下人物圖) is a type of picture which expresses a person under the tree and is known to be brought to the Korean Peninsula from the Middle Asia. The origin of this kind of expression is assumed to be from Iykshini (or Iygsha), the fairy of tree, in India and the 'Tree of Life' in Western Asia which influenced on the craft art design of Chinese art. However, Chinese art had already developed the motif of this kind in its unique way; for example, Jookrimchilhundo (竹林七賢圖: seven wise men in bamboo forest) in the Six Dynasty. There are only two items of female dress and its ornament from the 4th to 6th century Suhainmyuldo of the Goguryeo ancient tomb mural: one from the Jangchun Tomb No. 1 in which a female figure is portrayed as a part of living genre painting and the other from the Anahk Tomb No. 1 with seven female figures in a painting which is one of the earliest Suhainmyuldos, presumably from the 4th century. These two paintings must be considered in parallel with the origin of Suhainmyuldo. The mountain wizard's dress and Men's dress and its ornament in Suhainmyuldo from the 4th to the late 6th century Goguryeo ancient tomb is mostly joint adjust in which its collar is connected by a line and almost all the wizards are wearing Sang (upper garment). Most mountain wizards are wearing black feather shaped jackets and upper garments. One noticeable observation is that the mountain wizards of Mooyongchong, Tongu Ohgoibun Nos. 4 and 5 are completely different from one another in terms of ways to dress each wizard's official hats and shoes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.55 no.1 s.91
• /
• pp.113-128
• /
• 2005

To find our own individuality, there must be an active study on jeogori which is an unexplored field. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to consider artistic beauty and predominance of jeogori and recognize it as a precious culture, and also encourage interest about traditions. The range of this study is ancient times to Chosun dynasty, and in this study which will be the first part, the range is till the era of the Three Kingdoms. The study about jeogori is based on mural paintings of Goguryeo burial mounds, clay dolls and remains during Shilla, Beakjae, and United-shilla era. The contents of this study is 1. research the origin of jeogori's detail structures and changes of the form, 2. analyze the form and structure of the jeogori in each era, and therefore 3. find the predominance of Goguryeo costume by considering functional and design aspects. Therefore the conclusion of this study about the era of the Three Kingdoms are First, jeogori of the three kingdom era were developed from ancient times caftan style which Korea, China and Japan wore all together. Second, the structure of the jeogori during the Three Kingdom are ryeongeum, gil, somae and seon. Third, there is a special line that starts from the neckline and ends at the hem line which should be called ryeongeum in my opinion. Forth, while researching Goguryeo murals there were both left and right sided open jeogori. therefore, I would like to set up a new theory that during the ancient times to Three Kingdom era, not did China's clothing effected the Korean costume but the costume in east asia shared their forms all together.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.186-191
• /
• 2002

Choledochal cyst is a congenital anomaly with classic triad of abdominal pain, jaundice and right upper abdominal mass. Bile peritonitis caused by cyst rupture is relatively not rare in infancy. The mechanism of rupture must be epithelial irritation of the biliary tract by refluxed pancreatic juice caused by pancreatico-biliary malunion associated with mural immaturity in infancy, rather than an abnormal rise in ductal pressure or congenital mural weakness at a certain point. We experienced a case of bile peritonitis caused by spontanenous rupture of choledochal cyst in a 10-month-old girl presented with abdominal distension, persistent fever, diarrhea, irritability and intractable ascites. She was presumed as having bile peritonitis by bile colored ascitic fluid with elevated bilirubin level and diagnosis was made by $^{99m}Tc$ DISIDA hepatobiliary scan showing extrahepatic biliary leak. The perforated cyst was surgically removed and the biliary tree was reconstructed with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.460-470
• /
• 2020

In modern life, interior decoration has been transformed into a psychological synergistic effect of space, greatly affecting human sensibility. The main point of view in this paper is to study the discovery of new decorative effects and the possibility of products that can replace imported tiles, which account for more than 60% of the walls of indoor spaces closely related to daily life. The solution is to create point tiles using color glass plaster techniques developed in 2018 and to explore the possibility of decorating art walls to meet consumers' purchasing needs using simulations. The four patterns applied to the a paintbrush, resist printing, cutting technique, and inlaid patterns, and the traditional color development effect of the medium color suited to our sensibilities was studied. In addition, through simulation, art walls and acrylic using color glass styles were also used in the kitchen, living room and empty space of the bathroom. Based on this research, ceramic point tiles with a new perspective will be explored and the interior using walls will be activated.

• SUVANNABHUMI
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.27-65
• /
• 2014

Flourishing in the Central Dry Zone of Burma during a period from the mid-eleventh to the late-thirteenth century A.D., the historical kingdom of Pagan was one of the major Buddhist centers in Southeast Asia. The significance of Pagan as an important pilgrimage site of the region, where numerous relics of the Buddha were enshrined, had been maintained until long after the fall of its civilization. It is evident that the artistic influences of Pagan, particularly in the architectural and decorative domains, had been transmitted to various other Buddhist civilizations in the area. This study provides a detailed analysis on the relationships between the mural tradition of Pagan and those of its neighboring civilizations in Thailand-of the Ayutthayā, Lānnā and Sukhothai schools-dating from after the Pagan Period in the fourteenth century to the sixteenth century. Surprisingly, as the analysis of this study has suggested, such relationships seemed to be trivial, more on a minor stylistic basis than on substantial ideological and iconographic grounds. They suggest that transmission of the complex idea and superb craftsmanship of the mural tradition would not have been maintained adequately at Pagan after its civilization, probably due to the lack of royal patronage. It would have been extremely difficult for foreign pilgrims who visited Pagan after its dynastic period to appreciate the surviving murals of this lost tradition in terms of their complex programs and associated symbolism. Also, there had been a new center of the Sinhalese Buddhism firmly established in the Martaban area of lower Burma since the mid-fourteenth century that outcompeted Pagan in terms of supplying the new Buddhist ideas and tradition. Its fame spread wide and far among the Buddhist communities of Southeast Asia. Later, these Buddhist communities also established direct contact with Sri Lanka. The Sukhothai murals and the Ayutthayā murals in the crypt of Wat Rātchaburana, dating from the fourteenth/fifteenth century, show obvious Sri Lankan influence in terms of artistic style and Buddhist iconography. They could be a product of these new religious movements, truly active in Southeast Asia during that time.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.20-55
• /
• 2016

Koguryo's tomb mural paintings in North Korea are our precious cultural heritage which have been designated as UNESCO World Heritage property receiving high praise in the following criterion, i) exceptional creativeness of human being, ii) representative value showing the stage of development in construction history of East-Asia, iii) aesthetic superiority iv) uniqueness of building construction including tombs' ceiling. Mural paintings have been found from almost 100 tombs of the Koguryo dynasty out of 130 which are scattered across Huanren County, Lianoning Province, Ji'an, Jilin Province in China and Pyongyang in North Korea. Especially, most of them are gathered in Pyongyang from 4th and 5th century. Peculiarly, some of them have been constructed before King Jangsu's transfer of the capital to Pyongyang(AD 427). It can be regarded that Pyongyang territory had been under control of Koguryo and to become a new capital in the near future. And dense emergence of such tombs since the capital transfer from Gungnae City to Pyongyang during the reign of Jangsu is linked closely to the construction of tombs for rulers under strengthen royal authority of Jangsu and centralized system of authoritarian rule. Tomb mural paintings describe the owner's figure pictorially based on the truth just as in his living years. General lifestyles of ruling powers and sovereigns can be seen from the wall paintings portraying several buildings with various styles, figures, manners of living, which are considered that the tomb owner had led politically and sociologically in his life. In spite of not enough proofs to approve figure of architectures or "Gong-Po" in wall paintings on the tombs as those of Koguryo, it is persuasive with consideration for painting and decoration inside the tomb like wooden building in real life for the purpose of reenacting and continuing the tomb owner's luxurious life after death. "Du-Gong-Po-Zak" had appeared in company with Koguryo tomb murals and it can be found in most of the murals. And the emergence of substantial "Gong-Po-Do" can be counted more than a century ahead of the figure in murals. It could be a reasonable assumption as regards Koguryo tomb murals time of appearance match up with production period of Gahyungmyunggi(家形明器) and Hwasangseok(畵像石) Hwasangjeon(畵像塼) Design in the Mural Painting of the East-Han(東漢) Ancient Tombs in China. On this study, architectural "Gong-Po"s described in Koguryo tomb murals are categorized largely in "Bi(non)-Po-Zak-kye", "Jun(semi)-Po-Zak-kye", and "Po-Zak-kye" based on presence of "Ju-Du", "Cheom-Cha", and "Cheom-Cha-Sal-Mi" with developmental aspect, and, "Po-zak" is subdivided as "Bi(non)-Cheul-Mok" and "Cheul-Mok" types.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.275-278
• /
• 2004

A 9-month-old male infant was admitted for evaluation of incidentally noticed cardiac mass. The patient had no symptoms and there was no hemodynamic abnormality. Echocardiographic finding showed a huge left ventricular free wall mural mass, which did not obstruct the left ventricular outflow tract. Maximal excision of the left ventricular free wall mass was performed. The pathologic finding revealed cardiac fibroma. During the 7-month of follow-up after surgery, there was no evidence of arrhythmia or tumor recurrence.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.899-904
• /
• 1988

In Behcet syndrome, cardiac involvements are rare and have been reported pericarditis, myocarditis, right heart endocardial fibrosis, right ventricle mural thrombus with pulmonary embolism, active endocarditis, granulomatous endocarditis, conduction disturbance, acute aortic insufficiency, mitral valve prolapse. Our three patients underwent AVR because of aortic insufficiency and ascending aorta enlargement combined with Behcet syndrome. Two patients had mitral regurgitation too. So one underwent MAP and the other underwent MVR concomitantly. One who underwent AVR have been well for 50 months. Another who underwent AVR+MAP and redo AVR due to aortic paravalvular leakage was died of congestive heart failure. The other who underwent AVR+MVR and repeated AVR three times because of aortic paravalvular leakage is in condition of aortic paravalvular leakage. Paravalvular leakage is considered to recur due to progressive dilatation and fragility of aortic root that is the result of pathologic change of Behcet syndrome in it. If Open heart surgery is needed in Behcet`s syndrome during inflammatory reaction is active, postoperative complications such as paravalvular leakage or suture line rupture may be prevented with pre- and postoperative anti-inflammatory management.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.488-491
• /
• 1984

Vascular injuries from gun shot wound is rare in these days, in Korea. A Case of false aneurysm of the right common carotid artery due to penetrating injury to the neck by carbine. The confirmatory diagnosis was made by right carotid angiogram which revealed bean-sized aneurysmal sac at the mid-portion of the right common carotid artery. Despite of no symptoms, emergency false aneurysmectomy and reconstruction with on-lay vein patch graft using left greater saphenous vein for threat of rupture and embolization from mural thrombi. During repair of common carotid artery, cerebral circulation was maintained with internal shunt. The postoperative course was uneventful except limit of motion of right upper extremity due to initial injury.