• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.354-359
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• 2003

Multiplex-PCR protocols were designed in order to make a rapid identification of MRSA. MecA, femB, and 165 rRNA genes were amplified for making a detection of MRSA. The incidence of MRSA in the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was examined by using a multiplex-PCR assay. The mecA gene was detected in 266 strains out of 336 clinical isolates of S. aureus, thus the incidence of MRSA was approximately 76.5%. The MRSAs of 247 strains (96.1%) showed resistance to more than eight species of the antimicrobial agents tested. The isolates of MRSA showed 27 different antimicrobial-resistant patterns. The results indicate that many different MRSA strains having high multidrug resistance are actually prevalent in Korea. Also, VISA was screened from the MRSA. Two strains were grown on the BHI agar plate supplemented with $8\;\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ of vancomycin at a frequency of $1/10^8$ colony forming units or higher.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2017

Purpose - The objective of the current research is to explore success factors of the 'Night Markets' in Korea. Unlike other countries, where the markets are culturally established based upon various socioeconomic factors, the night markets are relatively new phenomena in Korea and are created by the government's support. Since the first introduction in 2011, now there are 34 Night Markets that are operating or are in the process of operation. Some of them attract nearly 100,000 customers a day, while some are discontinued shortly after the introduction due to lack of visitors. Its influence on the customers' behavioral motives of engaging in various activities in the night markets is increasing. However, because of its brief history in Korea, not much of research has cast attention on them. It is imperative to figure out the success factors of the night markets, so that other night markets can learn the secret of successful operation of the markets. Research design, data, and methodology - The research is based upon both qualitative and quantitative data. Data are collected from multiples levels of the night market related parties. Four groups are chosen: customers, night market sellers, sellers' union and government officers who are in charge of the market. Conventional survey formats are employed for customers and night market sellers. For night market union and government officers, survey and in-depth focus group interview methods are applied. Of the night markets in operation, commonalities of successful or well established ones are elaborated. Results - Night Market operation success factor are sought utilizing Porter's The Competitive Advantage of Nations model (1990). Results are shown that successful night markets commonly have satisfactory 'Factor Conditions.' Specifically, established night markets have either nearby big cities or tourist attractions in common. While these have fair 'Firm Strategy/structure/rivalry,' and 'Related and supporting industries,' they commonly demonstrate weakness in 'Demand conditions.' Conclusions - A successful night market incurs new customers not only to the market itself but also to the traditional periodical market the night markets are within. Government support to the night market can be justified where the circulation of new customer to the night market and the night market to the periodical market mechanism is in effective.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.139-149
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• 1999

In this paper, we estimate the scale factor error and random walk characteristics of the ring laser gyro which has the body dither for Lock-in compensation. And then, we compared those results with the static test results for 28cm square ring laser gyro which has about 0.5 deg/sec static Lock-in. In the case of sinusoidal body dither, dynamic Lock-in occurs periodically at the points where the gyro output pulse becomes the integer multiples of body dither frequency. The width of dynamic Lock-in is changed by variation of dither amplitude, and, between the width of dynamic Lock-in which occurs at the even multiple points of body dither frequency and that at the odd muliple points of body dither frequency, it has 180o phase difference. Generally random body dither is adopted to compensate for dynamic Lock-in. Then if the irregularity is not large enough, the scale factor error by dynamic Lock-in is not vanished. And if the irregularity is large enough, the scale factor error decreases, but random walk becomes larger relatively. And we confirmed that the larger body dither amplitude, the smaller random walk.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2016

This study investigated several anatomical characteristics of Paulownia tomentosa roots. The root wood was separated into three parts from stem base (top, middle, and base) at different positions below ground. Qualitative anatomical data suggested that the growth rings in earlywood and latewood were structurally different. Furthermore, the root wood vessels were found having 2 to 3 radial multiples and they were appeared in the form of clusters. In addition, some sheath cells and septate axial parenchyma were observed. Regarding the quantitative anatomical characteristics, vessel and ray numbers per $mm^2$, as well as ray width and height differed significantly among the top, middle, and base rood wood parts. However, there were no significant differences in vessel diameters, cell wall thickness, and width and length of wood fibers among those parts. The crystallinity of the root top part was slightly higher than that of the middle and base parts. Furthermore, the vessel numbers, ray numbers, and ray width and height in the near pith (NP) area were higher compared to those in the near bark (NB) area. However, the fiber width and fiber length at NP were lower than those at NB. Overall, this study demonstrated some significant differences in the anatomical characteristics of the top, middle, and base parts of root wood from Paulownia tomentosa.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 1994

Effects of glucocorticosteroids (GCS) on the thymus and peripheral lymphocytes of Nile tilapia. Oreochromis niloticus were examined. Young fish (5-7g) were injected into intraperitonial cavity with various dose of dexamethasone (DEX) or hydrocortisone (HC). Histology of thymus and thymocyte counts in treated fish were compared to normal ones. The results showed that in vivo adminstration of DEX or HC induced weight loss of thymus and reduction of thymocytes, and both of these were dose and time dependent. In vivo treatment of thymocytes with 10 mM DEX or 10 mM HC for 12hrs caused DNA fragmentation. Both drugs could split the DNA into fragments of about 180-200 base paire multiples. There was no change in granulocytes of peripheral blood due to the treatment of DEX or HC with various length of time. In contrast, treatment of DEX or HC for 2-3 days decresed number of peripheral lymphocytes. The results indicate that the thymocytes and circulating lymphocytes would respond to GCS depending on several factors, such as nature of the hormone, dose, and duration of treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.4
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• pp.408-415
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• 1991

A tumorous wood formed in a stem of Robinia pseudoacacia L. by steel wire fastening was investigated and compared with normal wood in the anatomy of histological aspect. The tumorous wood appeared to differ from normal wood in irregular orientations of some pores, most wood fibers, and rays deviated from normal direction, somewhat radially elongated pores on cross surface, occasionally distorted wood fiber tips between rays on radial surface, large ray width and height, commonly entangled arrangement of wood fibers on radial surface, frequent occurrence of pore multiples in the latewood, frequent occurrence of gelatinous fibers, and dark gummy substances partially enclosed in the lumina of wood fibers, rays, and axial strand parenchymas.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.251-267
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• 1999

This study examines that pricing multiple on and incremental explanatory power of equity book value(earnings) increase(decrease) as financial health decrease. Test using a sample of 75 bankrupt firms and test using a cross-sectional, pooled sample both yield inference consistent with predictions. It is thus hypothesized that the more bankrupt time are, the higher(lower) pricing multiple book value of equity(earnings) obtained. Findings are robust to inclusion of controls for debt/assets ratio, ROA, and ROIC. Overall, the results is the hypothesis.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a method for extracting predominant melody of polyphonic music based on harmonic structure. Since polyphonic music contains multiple sound sources, the process of melody detection consists of extraction of multiple fundamental frequencies and determination of predominant melody using those fundamental frequencies. Harmonic structure is an important feature parameter of monophonic signal that has spectral peaks at the integer multiples of its fundamental frequency. We extract all fundamental frequency candidates contained in the polyphonic signal by verifying the required condition of harmonic structure. Then, we combine those harmonic peaks corresponding to each extracted fundamental frequency and assign a rank to each after calculating its harmonic average energy. We finally run pitch tracking based on the rank of extracted fundamental frequency and continuity of fundamental frequency, and determine the predominant melody. We measure the performance of proposed method using ADC 2004 DB and 100 Korean pop songs in terms of MIREX 2005 evaluation metrics, and pitch accuracy of 90.42% is obtained.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1360-1365
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• 2019

In this paper, we describe a sound source localization(SSL) system which can be applied to mobile robot and automatic control systems. Usually the SSL method finds the Interaural Time Difference, the Interaural Level Difference, and uses the geometrical principle of microphone array. But here we proposed another approach based on the deep neural network to obtain the horizontal directional angle(azimuth) of the sound source. We pick up the sound source signals from the two microphones attached symmetrically on both sides of the robot to imitate the human ears. Here, we use difference of spectral distributions of sounds obtained from two microphones to train the network. We train the network with the data obtained at the multiples of 10 degrees and test with several data obtained at the random degrees. The result shows quite promising validity of our approach.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1991

Anatomical study of the secondary xylem in Malvales plants, including four families, five genera and ten species grown in Korea, was carried out to elucidate relationship among genera or families in the order. Wood of Elaeocarpus is diffuse porous and shows angular vessels in radial multiples of 2-14 cells and a few apotracheal or paratracheal parenchyma. Tiliaceous genera have diffuse porous wood, vessels in solitary distribution and apotracheal parenchyma of sinuous scalariform uniseriate band. In the family, Tilia shows angular vessel. noded and tile-like cell in ray and storied tissue but Grewia has circular vessel. Hibiscus shows ring porous wood, circular solitary vessel and biseriate band of apotracheal and paratracheal parenchyma. Firmiana shows ring porous wood, circular solitary vessel and confluent parenchyma. Many starch grains appear in ray and axial parenchyma. Judging from arrangement, shape, length and diameter of vessel element and angle of end wall to vessel axis, and arrangement and shape of axial parenchyma, the lines of specialization in these genera are from primitive Elaeocarpaceae through less primitive Tiliaceae and less advanced Malvaceae to advanced Sterculiaceae.iaceae.