• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2011

Supplier selection is one of the most important activities of a company. This importance is increased even more by new strategies in a supply chain, because of the key role suppliers perform in terms of quality, costs and services which affect the outcome in the buyer's company. In addition, green production has become an important issue for almost every manufacturer and will determine the sustainability of a manufacturer. Therefore a performance evaluation system for supplier and green suppliers is necessary to determine the suitability of suppliers to cooperate with the company. Supplier and green supplier selection is a multiple criteria decision making problem in which the objectives are not equally important. In practice, vagueness and imprecision of the goals, constraints and parameters in these problems make the decision making complicated. The objective of this study is to construct a decision-making process using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and balanced scorecard (BSC) for evaluating supplier and green suppliers in the manufacturing industry. The BSC concept is applied to define the hierarchy with four major perspectives and performance indicators are selected for each perspective. FAHP is then proposed in order to tolerate vagueness and ambiguity of information. Finally, FAHP is applied to facilitate the solving process. With the proposed approach, manufacturers can have a better understanding of the capabilities that supplier and green supplier must possess and can evaluate and select the most suitable supplier for cooperation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2019

새로운 기술의 대체 현상에 의해 발생하는 다세대 기술의 이동경로는 기술의 대체 현상을 이해하는데 중요하며, 궁극적으로 기술혁신의 과정을 이해하는데 기여가능하다. 본 연구에서는 다세대 기술의 대체 과정에서 발생하는 이동경로의 개념을 정의하고, 다세대 기술의 이동경로의 종류에 대한 모형을 다차원 기반(액터, 세대, 시간)으로 개발하였다. 문헌리뷰 및 다차원 기반 이동경로의 궤적 추적을 통해 다세대 기술의 이동경로의 정의 및 종류에 대한 모형을 제시하였고, 도출한 모형의 정합성을 반도체 산업 사례를 바탕으로 검증하였다. 다세대 기술의 공급자들의 이동경로는 3가지 이동경로(전환경로, 뜀뛰기경로, 신규진입경로)로 모형화가 가능하였고, 고객들의 이동경로는 4가지 이동경로(전환경로, 뜀뛰기경로, 신규진입경로 및 확산경로)로 모형화가 가능하였다. 본 연구를 통해 도출한 이동경로의 정의 및 종류에 대한 모형은 다세대 기술의 대체 현상을 통한 이동경로를 이해하는데 유용할 것이고, 반도체 산업 외에도 다양한 산업군에서 다양한 유형의 액터들에 대해서도 적용 가능한 것이다. 또한 실무적으로도 공급자와 고객은 다세대 기술의 대체 현상을 이해하여 경쟁자 대비 기술전략을 수립하는데 유용할 것이다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제4권
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• pp.67-88
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to present models for evaluation and selection of DataBase Management Systems(DBMS) suppliers. The major concern of management is that most decision problems have multiple, usually conflicting, criteria. The fuzzified multiple-objective programming models are given to accomodate the aspiration level and satisfaction level of decision makers. The proposed models are classified into two types, that is, pre-emptive priority and interpolated non-membership function model. Numerical examples illustrating each type of model are presented and the implications of these models are discussed.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2003

기업간 거래에서 수요자-공급자 제휴(alliance) 또는 파트너쉽(supplier partnership) 등으로도 표현되는 수요자-공급자간 협력관계(relationship)는 전통적인 공급망관리(supply chain management) 뿐만 아니라 최근의 인터넷 (Internet) 정보환경에서도 여전히 중요하게 다루어진다. 그리고 수요자-공급자간 협력관계는 공급망관리 상위의 의사결정에 따라 변화·조정된다. 공급망 관리 및 운영을 위한 시스템에서 이러한 협력관계를 고려하기 위해, 본고에서는 협력관계를 체계적으로 분류하고 개별 협력관계에서의 공급자선정의 시스템적 처리과정과 활용효과를 정리하였다. 또한, 변화·조정되는 협력관계를 시스템에서 적응적으로 처리하는 과정을 지능형 에이전트(intelligent agent) 체계를 활용하여 제안하고 설명하였다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2019

Purpose - Previous studies examined effects of sharing economy in the fields such as accommodation and automobile sector, while there are lack of researches in the field of skill-sharing economy. By classifying skill-sharing into general and special skill-sharing, this study explored effects of variables such as transaction utility, social utility, sustainability utility, emotional utility, economic utility, and trust utility, on attitudes, intention, satisfaction, and loyalty of demand (i.e., customers) and supply (i.e., providers) sides, potential, and actual customers. Research design, data, and methodology - Data were collected via both online and offline surveys. This study applied factor analysis and multiple regression analysis for findings. Results - Results show that utilities for general suppliers' skill-sharing are significant than other cases. Among utilities, this study found that trust utility shows significant for the cases of special customers', general suppliers' and special suppliers' potential skill-sharing. The results implies that trust is crucial in the transaction of the sharing economy. Conclusions - Enhanced managerial systems help resolve issues on the sharing economy. This study provides implications what are positive effects of skill-sharing economy and recommends proper establishment of the sharing economy.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Purpose: This paper treats the survey result from the suppliers of smart factories. Based on the survey results, it is provided suggestions about government policies of the smart factory. Methods: For providing political suggestions, the survey of smart factory is conducted. The survey results are analyzed by the correlation and association methods based on the stratification. Results: The survey results are analyzed for extracting policy-level suggestions. Multiple policy-level suggestions are identified and presented in the conclusion. Conclusion: Six policy-level suggestions are presented for enhancing the management efficiency of suppliers of smart factory.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.32-43
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• 2009

信任在心理学, 经济学, 社会学中已被广泛研究, 其重要性不仅在市场营销中被强调, 在一般商业原则中也被强调. 供应商和买家之间的关系与过去不同, 过去的关系需要相当大的私人网络优势, 并可能涉及不道德的商业行为. 而在以工业营销成功的为核心的二十一世纪激烈的全球竞争中, 供应商和买家之间的关系是伙伴关系. 在相互合作的高级别信任的基础上, 通过交换的关系, 这会给买家和供应商带来长期的利益, 竞争力增强和交易成本的降低以及其他福利. 尽管现有的研究有信任的重要性, 但是在购买与供应关系中却忽视了信任的作用, 也没有系统地分析信任对关系的影响. 因此, 深入研究, 确定买家和商业服务供应商之间信任和关系绩效之间的联系是绝对需要的. 本研究中的商业服务, 包括那些支持制造业, 正作为下一代经济增长的引擎而吸引着人们的注意. 韩国政府已选择其作为制造业发展的战略领域. 由于商业服务开放市场的需求日趋激烈, 商业服务业的竞争力应该比以往得到更多的提倡. 本研究的目的是探索相互信任对买家和供应商之间的关系绩效的影响. 具体来说, 本研究在商业服务交易中提出了一个关于信任-关系绩效的理论模型, 并实证检验根据模型而提出的假设. 这项研究表明, 研究结果有战略意义. 本研究通过多种方法收集经验数据. 这些方法包括通过电话, 邮件和面试. 作为样本的公司是在韩国供应和购买商业服务的以知识为本的公司. 本研究收集的是二进的基础数据. 每个样本公司对包括购买公司及其相应的供应公司. 并跟踪调查每个公司对的相互信任. 本研究为商业服务的买卖双方提出了信任-关系绩效的模型. 该模型由信任和它的前因和后果. 买家的信任分为对供应公司的信任和对销售人员的信任. 根据Doney 和Cannon (1997)的研究我们在个人水平和组织水平上观察信任. 通常情况下, 买方是信任的受体, 但这项研究我们建议以供应商为观察受体. 因此, 它独特的关注了双边角度的知觉风险. 换言之, 供应商和买家一样, 是信任的主体, 因为交易通常是双边的. 从这个角度来看, 供应商对买家信任和买方对供货商的信赖一样重要. 供应商的信任从某种程度上受它信任的买方公司和买家的影响. 这种使用个人水平和组织水平的信任分类是根据Doney 和Cannon (1997)的研究. 信任影响供应商的选择, 这是一项双向放的工作. 供应商们积极参与供应商选择过程中, 和买家密切的一起工作. 此外, 该过程从某种程度上受每一方信任的合作伙伴的影响. 挑选过程包括一些步骤: 识别, 信息检索, 供应商选择和绩效评价. 作为这一进程的结果, 买家和供应商都进行绩效评估, 并就这些结果为基础, 采取有形或无形的纠正行动. 本研究中使用的关于信任的测量问项是根据Mayer, Davis 和 Schoorman (1995) 以及Mayer和Davis (1999)的研究发展起来的. 根据他们的建议, 有关信任的三个方面的研究包括有能力, 善和完整. 根据商业服务这个背景我们调整了原来的问题. 例如, 如 "他/她的专业能力" 已被改为 "当我们讨论我们的产品时销售人员表现出专业能力. "这项研究使用的测量问项不同于在以往的研究中使用的问项（Rotter 1967; Sullivan和Peterson 1982; Dwyer和Oh 1987. 本研究中有关信任的前因后果的测量问项是根据Doney和Cannon (1997)的研究为基础制定的. 根据商业服务这个背景我们调整了原来的问题. 特别是, 问题被设计为对买家和供应商以解决下列因素: 信誉 (诚信, 客户服务, 良好意愿), 市场地位 (公司规模, 市场份额, 在行业中的地位), 愿意定制（产品, 过程, 交付), 信息共享(专有信息, 个人信息), 愿意保持良好关系, 认为专业, 权威授权, 买方与卖方的相似性, 以及接触频率. 作为信任相应的变量, 我们对关系绩效进行了测试. 关系绩效分为有形的影响, 无形影响, 和副作用. 有形的影响包括财务业绩;无形的影响, 包括关系的改善, 网络开发, 以及内部员工的满意度;副作用包括既不是有形影响也不是无形影响的影响. 我们联系了350对公司, 105对公司答复了我们. 由于不完整我们删除了5对公司, 105对公司被用于数据分析. 用于数据分析的回应率为30%(三百五十零分之一百零五), 高于工业营销的平均回复比率. 至于回复的公司的特点, 大多数的公司运作的商业服务既为买方(85.4%)也为供应商(81.8%). 大部分买家是做消费品贸易(76%), 而供应商的大部分(70%)是做工业品贸易. 这可能意味着买家的过程是购入材料, 部件和组件从而生产消费品成品. 正如他们对他们与合作伙伴关系的长度的报告表示, 供应商比买家有更长的商业关系. 假设1测试买方-供应方特点对信任的影响. 销售人员的专业度(t=2.070, p<0.05)和权威授权(t=2.328, p<0.05)积极影响买方对供应方的信任. 另一方面, 权威授权(t=2.192, p<0.05)积极影响供应方对买方的信任. 对买方和供应方来说, 权威授权的程度对保持对彼此的信任有关键作用. 假设2测试买卖双方关系特点对信任的影响. 买家倾向于信任供应方, 因为供应方总是尽全力联系买方(t=2.212, p<0.05)这种倾向性在供应方方面也表现得很强(t=2.591, p<0.01). 另一方面, 供应商对买方的信任是由于供应商感知买家与自己的相似性(t=2.702, p<0.01). 这一发现证实了Crosby, Evans, 和Cowles(1990)的研究结果. 他们的结果表明供应方和买方通过商务或私务的定期会议来建立彼此的联系. 假设3测试信任对感知风险的影响. 结果表明无论对买方还是供应方, 信任越低, 感知风险就越大(买方: t =-6.621, p<0.01; 供应方: t=-2.437, p<0.05). 有趣的是, 这一趋势已被证明对买方更强. 这种较高水平的感知风险的一个可能的解释是在商业服务交易中买方通常比供应方感知到更大的风险. 为此, 有必要对供应商对买方实施减少风险的战略. 假设4测试信任对信息搜集. 根据结果, 对供应方和买方, 与预期相反, 信任取决于他们合作伙伴的名誉(买方t=2.929, p<0.01; 供应方t=2.711, p<0.05). 这一发现表明, 具有良好信誉的供应商往往是可信的. 以往的经验并没有显示出任何与买家或供应商信任的重要关系. 假设5测试信任对供应方/买方选择的影响. 与买方不同, 当供应方认为以往与买方的交易重要时, 供应方倾向信任买方(t=2.913 p<0.01). 但是, 本研究并没有现实资源忠诚和买方对供应方的信任之间有显著关系. 假设6测试的是信任对关系绩效的影响. 对买方和供应方, 当财务表现被报告提高时, 他们比较信任他们的合作伙伴(买方: t=2.301, p<0.05;供应方: t=3.692, p<0.01). 有趣的是, 这种趋势在供应方比较明显. 类似的, 当竞争力被报告提高时, 买卖双方比较信任他们的合作伙伴(买方t=3.563, p<0.01 ; 供应方t=3.042, p<0.01). 对供应方来说, 当对买方信任时效率和生产力会提高(t=2.673, p<0.01). 其他绩效指标与信任没有显著关系. 这项研究结果有一定的战略意义. 首先和最重要的是, 以信任为基础的交易对供应商和买家而言都是有益的. 根据研究证实, 通过努力建立和保持相互信任可以使财务表现提高. 同样, 可以通过同样的努力提高竞争力. 第二, 以信任为基础的交易能够减少购买情况中的感知风险. 这对供应商和买家都有启示. 人们普遍认为, 在一个高度参与的采购情况中买家感知到更高的风险. 为了减少风险, 以往的研究已建议供应商制定降低风险的策略. 而本研究的特点是从双边角度关注知觉风险. 换言之, 供应商也容易存在风险, 特别是当他们提供的服务, 需要非常先进的技术, 操作和维护. 因此, 购买者和供应商必须一起密切合作解决问题. 因此, 相互信任在问题解决过程中起着关键作用. 第三, 在这项研究中发现, 销售人员有更多的授权, 他或她越被信任. 这一发现从战术角度看是非常重要的. 建立信任是一个长期的任务, 然而, 当互信尚未开发, 供应商能够通过授权销售人员做出某些决定来克服遇到的问题, 这一结论也适用于供应商.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.13-30
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• 2008

We explore the determinants of long-term relationship between the buyer and the supplier to help suppliers develope a strategy to build long-term relationship with their buyers. Based upon an extensive literature review, we propose three droops of independent variables which may affect long-term relationship, including (a) environmental factors (product complexity, product importance, source dependence, price sensitivity), (b) relational factors(trust, commitment, satisfaction, intention of expansion), (c) operational performance(quality, delivery, cost capability, technical knowhow). The buyer's actual period of relationship with its main supplier is used as a dependent variable. Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, we empirically test hypotheses, analysing a sample of 290 manufacturing firms in the U.S. The statistical results indicate that the buyer's source dependence, price sensitivity and the supplier's commitment play a significant role in establishing long-term relationship between the buyer and the supplier. However, the supplier's cost capability and technical knowhow in operational performance negatively affect long-term relationship in contrast with our hypotheses. Due to this controversial result, we divide the sample group Into dual sourcing and multiple sourcing environments and reconduct regression analysis in a post hoc manner. The findings show that the supplier's cost capability and technical knowhow are negatively associated with the length of relationship only in the multiple sourcing environment. The results may confirm that both parties' opportunistic behavior is more salient in the multiple sourcing environment than in the single sourcing environment.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.167-184
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• 2013

A cross docking operation involves multiple inbound trucks that deliver items from suppliers to a distribution center and multiple outbound trucks that ship items from the distribution center to customers. Based on customer demands, an inbound truck may have its items transferred to multiple outbound trucks. Similarly, an outbound truck can receive its consignments from multiple inbound trucks. The objective of this study is to find the best truck spotting sequence for both inbound and outbound trucks in order to minimize total operation time of the cross docking system under the condition that multiple visits to the dock by a truck to unload or load its consignments is allowed. The allocations of the items from inbound trucks to outbound trucks are determined simultaneously with the spotting sequences of both the inbound and outbound trucks.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.226-235
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 전자상거래시스템 공급자의 평가와 선정을 위한 모형을 구축하였다. 기업의 의사결정과 정은 여러 상충하는 목적들을 동시에 고려하는 경우가 대부분이기 때문에 이러한 상황에 적합한 다목표 지향적인 수리모형 구축의 필요성이 제시되었다. 또한 제공되는 데이터의 불명확성과 여러 목적들을 동시에 고려할 경우 발생할 수 있는 의사결정자의 열망수준과 그 만족정도를 반영하기 위해 본 연구에서는 3유형의 다목적계획모형을 제시하였다. 최소연산자 모형, 가중치 다목적계획모형 및 선제우선순위 다목적계획모형의 구축 후. 가상기업에 대한 설례를 통해 그 적용가능성을 알아보았다.