• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.426-439
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• 2018

Purpose: To continuously monitor soil and climatic properties, a data acquisition system (DAQ) was developed and tested in plum farms (Gyewol-ri and Haechang-ri, Suncheon, Korea). Methods: The DAQ consisted of a Raspberry-Pi processor, a modem, and an ADC board with multiple sensors (soil moisture content (SEN0193), soil temperature (DS18B20), climatic temperature and humidity (DHT22), and rainfall gauge (TR-525M)). In the laboratory, various tests were conducted to calibrate SEN0193 at different soil moistures, soil temperatures, depths, and bulk densities. For performance comparison of the SEN0193 sensor, two commercial moisture sensors (SMS-BTA and WT-1000B) were tested in the field. The collected field data in Raspberry-Pi were transmitted and stored on a web server database through a commercial communications wireless network. Results: In laboratory tests, it was found that the SEN0193 sensor voltage reading increased significantly with an increase in soil bulk density. A linear calibration equation was developed between voltage and soil moisture content depending on the farm soil bulk density. In field tests, the SEN0193 sensor showed linearity (R = 0.76 and 0.73) between output voltage and moisture content; however, the other two sensors showed no linearity, indicating that site-specific calibration is important for accurate sensing. In the long-term monitoring results, it was observed that the measured climate temperature was almost the same as website information. Soil temperature information was higher than the values measured by DS18B20 during spring and summer. However, the local rainfall measured using TR 525M was significantly different from the values on the website. Conclusion: Based on the test results obtained using the developed monitoring system, it is thought that the measurement of various parameters using one device would be helpful in monitoring plum growth. Field data from the local farm monitoring system can be coupled with website information from the weather station and used more efficiently.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2019

Recently commercial mixed-reality devices have be launched and a variety of mixed-reality content has produced, but narrow field of view, which appear to be hardware technical limitations, are mentioned as an important issue for hindering immersion and limiting the scope of use. We propose a new innovative system that cooperate multiple beam projectors and a number of mixed reality devices. Using this technology, users can maximize immersion and minimize frustration of narrow viewing angles through 3D object rendering on background of large 2D screens. This system, named BtS (Beyond the Sight), is implemented on a client-server basis and includes the ability to calibrate between devices, share spatial coordinate systems, and synchronize real-time renderings as core modules. In this paper, each configuration module is described in detail and the possibility of its performance and application is shown through the introduction of mixed reality content case created using BtS system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1160-1172
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• 2019

Federated authentication is a user authentication and authorization infrastructure that spans multiple security domains. Many overseas Web applications have been adopting SAML-based federated authentication. However, in Korea, it is difficult to apply the authentication because of the high market share of a specific Web (application) server, which is hard to use open-source SAML software and the high adoption of Java-based standard framework which is not easy to integrate with SAML library. This paper proposes the SAML4J, which is developed in order to have Web applications easily and safely integrated with the Java-based framework. SAML4J has a developer-friendly advantage of using a session storage independent of the framework and processing Web SSO flows through simple API. We evaluate the functionality, performance, and security of the SAML4J to demonstrate the high feasibility of it.

• Database Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.58-68
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• 2018

Distributed computing helps to efficiently store and process large data on a cluster of multiple machines. The performance of distributed computing is greatly influenced depending on the state of the servers constituting the distributed system. In this paper, we propose a self-diagnosis system that collects log data in a distributed system, detects anomalies and visualizes the results in real time. First, we divide the self-diagnosis process into five stages: collecting, delivering, analyzing, storing, and visualizing stages. Next, we design a real-time self-diagnosis system that meets the goals of real-time, scalability, and high availability. The proposed system is based on Apache Flume, Apache Kafka, and Apache Storm, which are representative real-time distributed techniques. In addition, we use simple but effective moving average and 3-sigma based anomaly detection technique to minimize the delay of log data processing during the self-diagnosis process. Through the results of this paper, we can construct a distributed real-time self-diagnosis solution that can diagnose server status in real time in a complicated distributed system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.101-114
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• 2011

As it seems like critical information leakages have been increasing due to industrial espionage and malicious internal users, the importance of introducing audit and log security technology is growing every now and then. In this paper, we suggest the session logging system for the company's internal control to meet the SOX legislation level, by monitoring and analyzing users behaviors connecting to the business-critical Operating System. The system proposed in this paper aims to monitor the user's illegal activities in the Operating System, and to present the clear evidence of purpose of those activities by detailed logs. For this purpose, we modified Operating System by adding multiple services suggested in this paper. These services utilize interfaces provided by the existing Operating System and add functions to control access and get logs. The system saves and manages session logs of users or administrators connected to the server with centralized log storage. And the system supports session log searching and lookup features required by SOX legislation for the company's internal controls with the level of computer forensics and logging technology.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.141-152
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• 2011

Growing efforts and interests of security techniques in a diverse surveillance environment, the intelligent surveillance system, which is capable of automatically detecting and tracking target objects in multi-cameras environment, is actively developing in a security community. In this paper, we propose an effective visual surveillance system that is avaliable to track objects continuously in multiple non-overlapped cameras. The proposed object tracking scheme consists of object tracking module and tracking management module, which are based on hand-off scheme and protocol. The object tracking module, runs on IP camera, provides object tracking information generation, object tracking information distribution and similarity comparison function. On the other hand, the tracking management module, runs on video control server, provides realtime object tracking reception, object tracking information retrieval and IP camera control functions. The proposed object tracking scheme allows comprehensive framework that can be used in a diverse range of application, because it doesn't rely on the particular surveillance system or object tracking techniques.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.107-118
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• 2021

The deployment of 5G is in full swing, with a significant yearly growth in the data traffic expected to reach 26% by the year and data consumption to reach 122 EB per month by 2022 [10]. In parallel, the idea of smart cities has been implemented by various governments and private organizations. One of the main objectives of 5G deployment is to help develop and realize smart cities. 5G can support the enhanced data delivery requirements and the mass connection requirements of a smart city environment. However, for specific high-demanding applications like tactile Internet, transportation, and augmented reality, the cloud-based 5G infrastructure cannot deliver the required quality of services. We suggest using multi-access edge computing (MEC) technology for smart cities' environments to provide the necessary support. In cloud computing, the dependency on a central server for computation and storage adds extra cost in terms of higher latency. We present a few scenarios to demonstrate how the MEC, with its distributed architecture and closer proximity to the end nodes can significantly improve the quality of services by reducing the latency. This paper has surveyed the existing work in MEC for 5G and highlights various challenges and opportunities. Moreover, we propose a unique framework based on the use of MEC for 5G in a smart city environment. This framework works at multiple levels, where each level has its own defined functionalities. The proposed framework uses the MEC and introduces edge-sub levels to keep the computing infrastructure much closer to the end nodes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.124-133
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• 2021

Smart factory is a future factory that collects, analyzes, and monitors various data in real time by attaching sensors to equipment in the factory. In a smart factory, it is very important to inquire and generate the status and history of equipment in real time, and the emergence of various smart devices enables this to be performed more efficiently. This paper proposes a multi device-based system that can create, search, and delete equipment status and history in real time. The proposed system uses the Android system and the smart glass system at the same time in consideration of the special environment of the factory. The smart glass system uses a QR code for equipment recognition and provides a more efficient work environment by using a voice recognition function. We designed a system structure for real time equipment monitoring based on multi devices, and we show practicality by implementing and Android system, a smart glass system, and a web application server.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2022

In the most IPS (Indoor Positioning System), it is available to specify the user's movement by sending a specific signal from a tag such as a beacon to multiple receivers. This method is very efficiently used in places where the number of people is limited. On the other hand, in large commercial facilities, it is nearly difficult to apply the existing IPS method because it is necessary to attach a tag to each customer. In this paper, we propose a system that uses an external sensor grid to identify people's movement without using tags. Each sensor node uses both an ultrasonic sensor and an infrared sensor to monitor people's movements and sends collected data to the main server through wireless transmission for easy system maintenance. The operation was verified using the FPGA board, and we designed a VLSI circuit in 180nm process.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1247-1260
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• 2021

For more efficient energy management of nodes in wireless sensor networks, research has been conducted on mobile sink nodes that deliver data from sensor nodes to server recently. UAV (Unmanned Aerial vehicle) is used as a representative mobile sink node. Also, most studies on UAV propose algorithms for calculating optimal paths and have produced rapid advances in the IoD (Internet of Drones) environment. At the same time, some papers proposed mutual authentication and secure key exchange considering nature of the IoD, which requires efficient creation of multiple nodes and session keys in security perspective. However, most papers that proposed secure communication in mobile sink nodes did not protect end-to-end data privacy. Therefore, in this paper, we propose integrated security model that authentication between mobile sink nodes and sensor nodes to securely relay sensor data to base stations. Also, we show informal security analysis that our scheme is secure from various known attacks. Finally, we compare communication overhead with other key exchange schemes previously proposed.