• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 1990

In order to predict the shelf-life of cigarettes packaged in typical flexible film under conditions of various temperature, relative humidity and sealing degree, a computer iterative technique was used. Although there were some significant differences at initial equilibrium relative humidity(55%), the experimental results agree fairly well with predictions following the student's t test($\alpha$=0.01) in most cases. Essentially, the higher the storage temperature, the shorter the shelf-life of the cigarette product. The bigger the differences from the initial equilibrium relative humidity, the shorter the storage period of the cigarette. Moisture transfer through the film at relatively high temperature gave higher confidence. The sealing degree, one of the storage parameters, appeared to be a major influencing factor to shelf-life. Slopes($\beta$) of the temp., sealing degree and %rh of the dependent variable to shelf life were 0.49, -0.39 and -0, 28 respectively, when analysed by multiple regression of SPSS software. Below 600m1/min sealing decree of the packed cigarette through the sealing Position at 30mmH20 differential pressure, the shelf-life could be increased by more than six months.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1993

The purpose of this research was to find out relationships between the use of fashion information, preference of fashion advertising and fashion leadership. This research was carried out by both the theoretical and empirical study. For the theoretical study, the research of Fashion Leadership was based on the fashion opinion leadership and innovativeness. The study include the analysis of variables influencing fashion leadership, such as use of fashion information preference of fashion advertising, and demographic variables. For the empirical study, fashion leadership was measured by fashion opinion leadership and innovativeness. The variables influencing on the fashion leadership were measured by use of fashion information (marketer-dominated information, consumer-dominated information, neutral information), preference of fashion advertising (dramatic type, feeling type, goods demonstration type), demorgraphic variables (age, years of education, family income, job, marriage). Data were obtained from 313 female in chungbuk area by self-administered questionaire. The datacollected through the questionaire were analyzed by the stastical technique - ANOVA and Duncantest, t-test, stepwise multiple-regression. The results of the study were as follows; 1. There were significant differences on the fashion leadership, fashion innovativeness, fashion opinionleadership according to the marketer dominated information and neutral information. There were significant differences on the fashion leadership, fashion innovativeness, fashion opinion leadership according to the preference of dramatic type. There were significant differences on the fashion opinion leadership according to the preference of goods demonstration type. 2. 30 percent of the total variance of fashion leadership was explained by the six variables: fashion magazines, TV & Radio advertising, clothing of TV talent & singer, years of education, dramatic type, catalogue. 3. When the subjects were divided into five groups(innovative communicators, innovators, opinion leaders, followers, indifferents) according to their innovativeness scores and opinion leadership scores, there were significant differences among groups in most of use of fashion information, preference of fashion advertising variables and in some of demographic variables. 4. There were significant interactions between marketer-dominated information and dramatic type and were significant interactions in goods demonstration type, marketer-dominated information and dramatic type. There were significant interactions between consumer-dominated information and dramatic type. This ariables has the effect on Fashion Leadership by the interactions.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2004

The wear process of end mill is a so complicated process that a more reliable technique is required for the monitoring and controling the tool life and its performance. This research presents a new tool wear monitoring method based on the sound signal generated on the machining. The experiment carried out continuous-side-milling for using the high-speed steel end mill under wet condition. The sound pressure was measured at 0.5m from the cutting zone by a dynamic microphone, and was analyzed at frequency domain. The tooth passing frequency appears as a harmonics form, and end mill wear is related with the first harmonic. It can be concluded from the result that the tool wear is correlate with the intensity of the measured sound at tooth passing frequency estimation of end mill wear using sound is possible through frequency analysis at tooth passing frequency under the given circumstances.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2002

This study was to investigate the level of fatigue and its associated variables in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) in Korea. From March to June, 2001, 100 patients, registered at one university hospital rheumatology clinic in Seoul, were accepted as subjects for this study. The sampling method was adopted a non-probability, purposive technique. The instruments used for this study were The Multidimensional Assessment Fatigue scale developed by Tack and Beck Depression Instrument develped by Beck. The collected data were analyzed by SAS program using t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. Total scores of fatigue of the subjects averaged $24.46(\pm10.85)$, degree of fatigue was $5.08(\pm2.29)$, and influence of fatigue was $3.52(\pm2.12)$. 2. Regarding characteristics, more depressive(p=.0001) and more painfuI(p=.0122) patients revealed more fatigue. Also, the subjects with spouse(p=.0337) and having poor quality of sleep(p=.0445) revealed more fatigue. 3. The subjects' total fatigue score, depression, pain and age was correlated positively(r=.53; r=.48; r=.24), and total fatigue score, and exercise time, quality of sleep was correlated negatively(r=-.45; r=-.21). 4. The main influencing factors on the fatigue were depression$(52.92\%)$ and quality of sleep $(8.10\%)$. These two main variables made it possible to explain $61.02\%$ of the varience in fatigue. In conclusion, this study revealed depression and quality of sleep is an important factor that can improve quality of life in patients with SLE. It is recommended that nursing intervention for SLE patients would be focused to decrease depression and to enhance quality of sleep.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.34-52
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• 2016

This study was designed to investigate organizational culture and emotional intelligence as predictors of job performance among library personnel in Edo state, Nigeria. The survey research design was employed for the study with a population size of 181 library personnel in the 15 academic libraries under study, and due to the manageable population size, total enumeration was adopted as the sampling technique. The questionnaire was used to elicit data from the respondents. Of the 181 copies of the questionnaire administered, 163 copies were retrieved and found valid for analysis constituting a 90% response rate. Four research questions and four null hypotheses (tested at 0.05 level of significance) were formulated to guide the study. The tool used to analyze the research question was descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation and multiple regression) for testing the hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that there is a high level of job performance, good organizational culture, and high level of emotional intelligence among the personnel. Organizational culture and emotional intelligence jointly and significantly predict job performance of personnel. There is significant positive correlation between organizational culture and job performance. The linear combination of emotional intelligence and organizational culture predict job performance of library personnel in the academic libraries under study. The research concludes that there is a need for high job performance in libraries which is predicted by the organizational culture of the library and the level of emotional intelligence of the library personnel.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2006

Site index is an essential tool to estimate forest productivity. Generally, a site index equation is developed and used from the relationship between stand age and dominant tree heights. However, there is a limit to the use of the site index equation in the application of variable ages, environmental influence, and estimation of site index for the unstocked forest. Therefore, it has been attempted to develop a new site index equation based on various environmental factors including site, climate, and topographical variables. This study was conducted to develop a site index equation based on the relationship between site index and environmental factors for the species of Pinus koraiensis in Yangpyung-Gun, Gyunggi Province. The influence of climatic factors (temperature and solar irradiation ratio), topographical factors (elevation, slope, ratio of slope to valley and aspect) and soil profiles (soil depth by layer and soil consistency) on site index were evaluated by multiple regression analysis. Five environmental factors were selected in the final site index equation for Pinus koraiensis. The site index equation developed in this study was also verified by three evaluation statistics: model's estimation bias, model's precision, and mean square error of measurement. Based on the site index equation, the number of productive areas for Pinus koraiensis were estimated by applying GIS technique to digitized forest maps. In addition, the distribution of productive areas was compared with the areas of current distribution of Pinus koraiensis. It is expected that the results obtained in this study could provide valuable information about the amount and distribution of productive areas for Pinus koraiensis reforestation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.258-264
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• 2019

Objectives: The perceptions of family-planning (FP) acceptors regarding contraception influence the reasons for which they choose to switch their method of contraception. The objective of this study was to analyze the perceptions of contraception and rationales for switching contraceptive methods among female FP acceptors in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Methods: This study involved the analysis of secondary data from the Improve Contraceptive Method Mix study, which was conducted in 2013 by the Center for Health Research, University of Indonesia. The design of the study was cross-sectional. We performed 3 stages of sampling using the cluster technique and selected 4819 women who were FP acceptors in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia as the subjects of this study. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: The predominant pattern of switching contraceptive methods was switching from one non-long-term method of contraception to another. Only 31.0% of the acceptors reported a rational pattern of switching contraceptive methods given their age, number of children, and FP motivations. Perceptions of the side effects of contraceptive methods, the ease of contraceptive use, and the cost of the contraceptives were significantly associated (at the level of ${\alpha}=0.05$) with rational patterns of switching contraceptive methods. Conclusions: Perceptions among FP-accepting women were found to play an important role in their patterns of switching contraceptive methods. Hence, fostering a better understanding of contraception through high-quality counseling is needed to improve perceptions and thereby to encourage rational, effective, and efficient contraceptive use.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.391-397
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• 2021

This study examines the effect of independent commissioners and the Audit Committee on internal control disclosure and its implications for earnings management in the banking industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2018. In this study, a purposive sampling technique was used, combined with two multiple regression analysis models. The final sample for this study comprised 30 companies over the three years of observation, such that there were 90 observations in total. This study indicates that independent commissioners, as measured by their composition, do not affect the disclosure of internal control. However, as measured by the number of members, the Audit Committee had a positive effect on internal control disclosures. This study also indicates that the disclosure of internal control as measured by the Internal Control Disclosure index affects reducing the negative practice of earnings management. This study proves that the Audit Committee's role is very dominant in assisting the Board of Commissioners in supervising internal control. This has implications for reducing earnings management practices. However, the Independent Commissioner's role in the Indonesian banking industry has not been optimal in carrying out the supervisory function in this study.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2021

Purposes: This study aimed to identify relevant factors that determine cancer surgery at a medium-sized general hospital where patients are diagnosed with cancer. Methodology: The study subjects were 1,530 patients diagnosed with cancer between November 2013 and October 2019 at a 400-bed general hospital located in the metropolitan area. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the patient characteristics, cancer types, and characteristics of treatment experience of the study subjects, in addition to the determinants of cancer surgery in the hospital. Findings: Among 1,530 cases diagnosed with cancer, 353 cases (23.1%) were operated at the hospital where the cancer diagnosis was made. As determinants of surgery after a fist-time diagnosis at a general hospital, the likelihood of having surgery at the hospital, for colorectal cancer patients compared to stomach cancer patients (Odds Ratio=2.38), bladder and kidney cancer patients (Odds Ratio=1.79). According to the results of an additional survey conducted, it was found that important determinants of decisions on a hospital to receive cancer surgery were the kindness of the staff including doctors and nurses, and the trust in the medical skills and technique of the doctor. Practical Implication: The management of general hospitals should take note of the fact that it is important to establish proactive strategies for hospital management including strengthening the rapport between patients and medical institutions based on the kindness of medical staff (doctors and nurses) and staff, in addition to promoting cancer adequacy evaluation results and introducing one-stop systems.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1892-1912
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• 2022

With the massive demand and growth of cloud computing, virtualization plays an important role in providing services to end-users efficiently. However, with the increase in services over Cloud Computing, it is becoming more challenging to manage and run multiple Virtual Machines (VMs) in Cloud Computing because of excessive power consumption. It is thus important to overcome these challenges by adopting an efficient technique to manage and monitor the status of VMs in a cloud environment. Reduction of power/energy consumption can be done by managing VMs more effectively in the datacenters of the cloud environment by switching between the active and inactive states of a VM. As a result, energy consumption reduces carbon emissions, leading to green cloud computing. The proposed Efficient Dynamic VM Scheduling approach minimizes Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations and manages VM migration by lowering the energy consumption effectively along with the balanced load. In the proposed work, VM Scheduling for Efficient Dynamically Migrated VM (VMS-EDMVM) approach first detects the over-utilized host using the Modified Weighted Linear Regression (MWLR) algorithm and along with the dynamic utilization model for an underutilized host. Maximum Power Reduction and Reduced Time (MPRRT) approach has been developed for the VM selection followed by a two-phase Best-Fit CPU, BW (BFCB) VM Scheduling mechanism which is simulated in CloudSim based on the adaptive utilization threshold base. The proposed work achieved a Power consumption of 108.45 kWh, and the total SLA violation was 0.1%. The VM migration count was reduced to 2,202 times, revealing better performance as compared to other methods mentioned in this paper.