• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.422-433
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• 2017

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has several advantages over conventional remote sensing techniques. They can acquire high-resolution images quickly and repeatedly. And with a comparatively lower flight altitude, they can obtain good quality images even in cloudy weather. In this paper, we developed for estimating garlic growth at field scale model in major cultivation regions. We used the $NDVI_{UAV}$ that reflects the crop conditions, and seven meteorological elements for 3 major cultivation regions from 2015 to 2017. For this study, UAV imagery was taken at Taean, Changnyeong, and Hapcheon regions nine times from early February to late June during the garlic growing season. Four plant growth parameters, plant height (P.H.), leaf number (L.N.), plant diameter (P.D.), and fresh weight (F.W.) were measured for twenty plants per plot for each field campaign. The multiple linear regression models were suggested by using backward elimination and stepwise selection in the extraction of independent variables. As a result, model of cold type explain 82.1%, 65.9%, 64.5%, and 61.7% of the P.H., F.W., L.N., P.D. with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 7.98 cm, 5.91 g, 1.05, and 3.43 cm. Especially, model of warm type explain 92.9%, 88.6%, 62.8%, 54.6% of the P.H., P.D., L.N., F.W. with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 16.41 cm, 9.08 cm, 1.12, 19.51 g. The spatial distribution map of garlic growth was in strong agreement with the field measurements in terms of field variation and relative numerical values when $NDVI_{UAV}$ was applied to multiple linear regression models. These results will also be useful for determining the UAV multi-spectral imagery necessary to estimate growth parameters of garlic.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to examine the factors affecting bodily pain in women in their middle to older age who are caregivers of stroke patients. Methods: This study selected 75 stroke inpatients and 75 female caregivers in their middle to older age from five hospitals in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. Measurements included general characteristics, cognitive function, upper limb function, and activities of daily living of stroke patients, and general characteristics and bodily pain for the caregivers. We used stepwise multiple regression analysis to determine the factors affecting the bodily pain and Pearson's correlation analysis to confirm the correlation. Results: The factors affecting bodily pain in women in their middle to older age caregivers were the activities of daily living(${\beta}=-.489$, p<.001) and caregiver duration(${\beta}=-.309$, p=.003)($R^2=.276$). Correlation analysis showed that the activities of daily living, upper limb function, and cognitive function of stroke patients were significantly correlated (r=.434~.751, p<.001). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the functional level of stroke patients being cared for and the caregiver duration are important variables for reducing bodily pain in women in their middle to older age.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.118-147
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study is to understand trends of pelvic correction therapy in Korea and to assist research activities on pelvic correction therapy. Also, this study selected and presented indicators for measuring pelvic slope to help ensure consistent studies with uniform indicators in future studies related to pelvic correction. Methods : The following keywords "골반", "골반 교정", "골반 변위" "Pelvic correction" were searched on three specialized search sites (RISS, NAI, DBpia). Trends in pelvic correction therapy were analyzed through the selected researches suitable among these searched researches in an overview format. Results : 1. A total of 7,806 studies were searched and a total of 268 studies were finally selected. 2. Studies began in 1977 and have been actively studied until recently, with 35 studies in 2017 being the most recent trend since 2000. 3. In the results according to the Main Field of Research, the 'Arts and Kinesiology'(113, 42.16%) and 'Medicine and Pharmacy'(103, 38.43%) were the most in order. To the Middle Field, the 'Kinesiology was the largest with 96(35.82%) studies. 4. In the results according to the study design, 'Pre-Post Test(PPT)' was the largest with 107 studies. 5. In the results according to the Intervention, 'Exercise' was the largest with 165 studies, of which 'Pilates' and 'Yoga' in 'Training' was the largest. 6. Among the evaluation method, the 'Pelvic Index' was used 146 times, followed by 'Spinal Alignment (99)', 'Other Joints (93)', and 'Kinetic Specialized Measurement Test (56)'. 7. Among the evaluation methods, the pelvic slope measurement indicators were PT (58), PH (48), Pelvic Torsion (40), Iliac Crest (38), ASIS-PSIS distance/angle (27), and Pelvic Width (I.W., I.L., S.W) (25) in order. 8. The journals that published the most researches were KJSS(Korean Alliance For Health, Physical Education, Recreation, And Dance;9), and JKPT(Korean Physical Therapy;9). Among the University, the Graduate School of Silla University published the most papers (12). 9. The author who published the most studies were Seungjin Park(3), the co-authors were Hoseong Lee, Gideok Park, Seongsu Bae(3), and the Thesis-Director Gyeongok Lee(7). Conclusions : 1. Studies on pelvic correction treatment continue to increase every year. 2. The main academic field of pelvic correction is 'Sports', 'Physical Therapy', and 'Medical Science'. 3. The most chosen research design method in the study on pelvic correction treatment was 'Pre-Post Test(PPT)', primarily as an intermediary, Pilates and yoga during exercise therapy, and then Chiropractic during handcraft were used as multiple frequencies. 4. Among the various measurement method indicators of pelvic correction previously used, multiple frequency was taken up in the order of PT, PH, Pelvic Torsion, iliac crest, ASIS-PSIS distance/angle, and pelvic width (I.W.,I.L.,S.W). Typically, measurements through "ASIS-PSIS angle" are recommended and are considered as the most rational in clinical trials.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to compare the test methods for predicting field emergence of Lotus corniculatus and Trifolium pratense. Four seed lots of two herbage legumes were controlled deteriorated, accelerated aged before germination test and conductivity of each seed lot was determined. Those germination percent and conductivity of seed lots were compared with actual field emergence rate. Field emergence rate could be estimated by the controlled deterioration test ($R^2$=0.687), by the accelerated aging test ($R^2$=0.260), and by the conductivity test ($R^2$=0.238). A multiple regression equation for predicting field emergence rate(equation omitted) was estimated as (equation omitted)=-198.16 ＋ 2.3493X$_1$-1.5564X$_2$ ＋ 1.9812X$_3$where X$_1$, percent germination of controlled deterioration test ; X$_2$, percent germination of accelerated aging test; and X$_3$, conductivity of solute leakage in the conductivity test. Conclusively, unless multiple tests are not available, the controlled deterioration test was comparatively high efficient for predicting field emergence rate, however, the combined measurements of those three tests can enhance the efficiency.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.150-160
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• 2022

Objective: To provide reliable prediction models based on dentoskeletal and soft tissue variables for customizing maxillary incisor positions and to optimize digitalized orthodontic treatment planning. Methods: This study included 244 Chinese women (age, 18-40 years old) with esthetic profiles after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (133 in group I: 1° ≤ The angle between the nasion [N]-A point [A] plane and the N-B point [B] plane [ANB] ≤ 4°; 111 in group II: 4° < ANB ≤ 7°). Dental, skeletal, and soft tissue measurements were performed on lateral cephalograms of the participants. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the influence of dentoskeletal and soft tissue variables on maxillary incisor position. Results: The ideal anteroposterior position of the maxillary incisor varied between sagittal skeletal patterns. The position of the maxillary incisor correlated with the sagittal discrepancy between the maxilla and the mandible (ANB), protrusion of the midface, nasal tip projection, development of the chin, and inclination of both the maxillary and mandibular incisors. Distance from the maxillary central incisor to nasion-pogonion plane predicted using multiple linear regression analysis was accurate and could be a practical measurement in orthodontic treatment planning. Conclusions: Instead of using an average value or norm, orthodontists should customize a patient's ideal maxillary incisor position using dentoskeletal and soft tissue evaluations.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.3C
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• pp.141-148
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• 2010

Electrical noises like self potential, burst noises and 60-Hz electrical noises are one of the causes to reduce reliability of electrical resistivity survey. Even the PDC-R (Pseudo DC resisitivity) technique, recently developed, is suffering from the problem of low reliability due to electrical noises. That is, both DC-based and AC-based resistivity technique is subject to reliability problem due to electrical noises embedded in urban geotechnical sites. In this research, a new technique to enhance reliability of the PDC-R technique by minimizing influence of electrical noises was proposed. In addition, an automated procedure was also proposed to facilitate data analysis and interpretation of PDC-R measurements. The proposed technique is composed of two steps: 1. to extract information only related with the input current by means of multiple-filter technique, and 2. to undertake a task to sort out signal information only to show stable and reliable characteristics. This automated procedure was verified by a synthetic harmonic wave including DC shift, burst random noises and 60-Hz electrical noises. Also the procedure was applied to site investigation at urban areas for proving its feasibility and accuracy.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.3C
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• pp.167-174
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• 2010

In this study, numerical analysis has been performed to compare the ground movements in a single ground layer and multiple ground layers due to nearby tunnel excavation. The numerical analysis has been conducted in the different ground layer conditions considering different construction conditions (volume loss at excavation face), and the results of the maximum surface settlement and horizontal displacement have been compared considering the ground layer and construction conditions. In addition, the maximum surface settlement from the numerical analysis has been compared with the maximum settlement at tunnel crown considering the ground layer and construction conditions, and the maximum surface settlement has been also compared with the maximum horizontal displacement with the ground layer conditions. Besides, the volume loss($V_L$) at tunnel excavation face has been compared with the total surface settlement volume($V_s$) with the variation of ground layer condition. The results from the numerical analysis have been compared with field measurements and by this comparison it is believed that the numerical results in this study can be utilized practically in analyzing the nearby ground behavior in different ground layer and construction conditions due to tunnel excavation.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 2024

Exercises using a Balance Board (BB) are effective in developing balance, strengthening core muscles, and improving physical fitness and concentration. In particular, the Smart Balance Board (SBB), which integrates with various digital content, provides appropriate feedback compared to traditional balance boards, maximizing the effectiveness of the exercise. However, most systems only offer visual and auditory feedback, failing to evaluate the impact on user engagement, interest, and the accuracy of exercise postures. This study proposes an Immersive Smart Balance Board (I-SBB) that utilizes multiple sensors to enable training with various feedback mechanisms and precise postures. The proposed system, based on Arduino, consists of a gyro sensor for measuring the board's posture, a communication module for wired/wireless communication, an infrared sensor to guide the user's foot placement, and a vibration motor for tactile feedback. The board's posture measurements are smoothly corrected using a Kalman Filter, and the multi-sensor data is processed in real-time using FreeRTOS. The proposed I-SBB is shown to be effective in enhancing user concentration and engagement, as well as generating interest, by integrating with diverse content.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to examine the relation of uncertainty, uncertainty appraisal, and self-management in patients undergoing hemodialysis, and to identify factors influencing self-management. Methods: A convenience sample of 92 patients receiving hemodialysis was selected. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and medical records. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlations and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: The participants showed a moderate level of uncertainty with the highest score being for ambiguity among the four uncertainty subdomains. Scores for uncertainty danger or opportunity appraisals were under the mid points. The participants were found to perform a high level of self-management such as diet control, management of arteriovenous fistula, exercise, medication, physical management, measurements of body weight and blood pressure, and social activity. The self-management of participants undergoing hemodialysis showed a significant relationship with uncertainty and uncertainty appraisal. The significant factors influencing self-management were uncertainty, uncertainty opportunity appraisal, hemodialysis duration, and having a spouse. These variables explained 32.8% of the variance in self-management. Conclusion: The results suggest that intervention programs to reduce the level of uncertainty and to increase the level of uncertainty opportunity appraisal among patients would improve the self-management of hemodialysis patients.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.84-90
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• 2012

Since the major cellular data service providers in U.S, Japan as well as in Korea started the LTE (Long Term Evolution) service, there has been more strong need for the methods that can accurately measure the MIMO (Multi Input-Multi Outout) OTA (Over The Air) performance of LTE handsets because the performance of the MIMO antenna determines the packet data rates in the downlink and therefore the higher system throughput of the network. In this regard, there has been a lot discussions in 3GPP on the candidate MIMO OTA test solutions. In this paper, a faire comparison has been done for the conventional method, the Envelop Correlation Coefficient (ECC) measurements, and the anechoic chamber based MIMO OTA test solution, one of the candidate system being discussed in 3GPP. The evaluations and the comparisons are conducted by numerically and experimentally.