• Title/Summary/Keyword: multiple measurements

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The Use of Multiple Tests in Predicting the Vigor of Soybean Seeds (대두 종자 발아세 검정방법 비교)

  • Kim, Seok-Hyeon;Copeland, Lawrence O.;Baalbaki, Riad
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.268-276
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    • 1987
  • Five soybean varieties were used to measure seed vigor according to the artificially different deterioration. A vigor index derived from the product of percent germination x hypocotyllength was used as the parameter in comparison of other tests for seed vigor. There were the varietal differences in initial vigor. The warm germination test was the best measurement for seed vigor at the advanced stages of seed deterioration. All other vigor measurements, except ATP and GADA measurements, showed highly significant correlations with the vigor index. Hypocotyl length, conductivity index and cold germination measurements for seed vigor were appropriate for predicting seed quality.

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Observability Analysis of INS with a GPS Multi-Antenna System

  • Sinpyo Hong;Lee, Man-Hyung;Jose A. Rios;Jason L. Speyer
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • v.16 no.11
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    • pp.1367-1378
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    • 2002
  • This paper investigates observability properties of strapdown INS aided by a GPS antenna array. The motivation to consider a GPS antenna array is that the lever-arms between the GPS antennas and IMU play an important role in the estimation of vehicle attitude and biases of IMU. It is shown that time-invariant INS error models are observable with measurements from at least three GPS antennas. It is also shown that time-varying error models are instantaneously observable with measurements from three antennas. Numerical simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of multiple GPS antennas on estimating vehicle attitude and biases of IMU when IMU has considerable magnitude of biases.

Enhanced Indoor Positioning Algorithm Using WLAN RSSI Measurements Considering the Relative Position Information of AP Configuration (AP 상대위치 정보를 고려한 향상된 WLAN RSSI 기반 실내 측위 알고리즘)

  • Kim, A Sol;Hwang, Jungyu;Park, Joongoo
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.146-151
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    • 2013
  • With the development of mobile internet, requirements of positioning accuracy for the LBS (Location Based Service) are becoming more and more higher. The LBS is based on the position of each mobile device. So, it requires a proper acquisition of accurate user's indoor position. Thus indoor positioning technology and its accuracy is crucial for various LBS. In general, RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) measurements are used to obtain the position information of mobile unit under WLAN environment. However, indoor positioning error increases as multiple AP's configurations are becoming more complex. To overcome this problem, an enhanced indoor localization method by AP (Access Point) selection criteria adopting DOP (Dilution of Precision) is proposed.

An Integer Ambiguity Resolution Method for GPS Attitude Determination (GPS를 이용한 자세 측정 시스템의 미지정수 결정기법)

  • 박찬식;김일선
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.62-68
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    • 1999
  • The attitude of a vehicle can be precisely determined using GPS carrier phase measurements from more than two antennas attached to a vehicle and an efficient integer ambiguity resolution technique. Many methods utilizing the known baseline length as a constraint of independent elements of integer ambiguities are proposed to resolve integer ambiguity at real time. Three-dimensional search space is reduced to two-dimensional search space with this constraint. Thus the true integer ambiguity can be easily determined with less computational burden and fewer number of measurements. But there are still strong requirements for the real time integer ambiguity resolution, which uses single epoch measurement of long baseline. In this paper, a new constraint from the geometry of multiple baselines is derived. With this new constraint, two-dimensional search space is further reduced to one-dimensional search space. It makes possible to determine integer ambiguity with single epoch measurement. The proposed method is applied to real data to show its effectiveness.

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Method of Measuring the Occupied Bandwidth of IS-95 Base Station at Remote Site

  • Lim, Jong-Soo;Kim, Sang-Tae
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.7-11
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    • 2003
  • CDMA(code division multiple access) has very large peak to average power ratio(PAR) and behave as noise-like wide band digital signals with 1.2288 Mbps transmission rate. For signals with high PAR like CDMA, it is reasonable to prescribe occupied bandwidth(OBW) as average occupied bandwidth. Bandwidth measurements of CDMA signals at remote site are affected by co-channel and adjacent channel interference from adjacent CDMA base station, distortion of signal by fading effect, spurious emission and environment noises. In this study, we have compared OBW measurements in an on-air environment with those measured in a base station using adjacent channel leakage ratio(ACLR) as a reference measurement factor. As results of analysis, the OBW at ACLR$\geq$35 ㏈ shows nearly same statistical characteristics regardless of the measurement locations and environments.

Kinetic Measurements on Elastomer by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Differential Scanning Calorimetry에 의(依)한 탄성체(彈性體)의 속도론적(速度論的) 연구(硏究))

  • Choi, Sei-Young
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.333-339
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    • 1987
  • A modern kinetic evaluation method for nonisothermal reactions measured with Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC) is presented. It is based on multiple linear regression analysis using a number of curve points in a selectable range of conversion. The obtained kinetic data are the basis to compute a reaction process under any condition e.g. isothermal or adiabatic. The DSC measurements was performed on a Mettler TA3000 SYSTEM with the built in evaluation software. Mainly the following reactions are discussed: vulcanization of natural rubber compounds containing vulcanizing accelerators. The purpose of this work is to analyse the vulcanization kinetics of typical NR vulcanization systems using DSC. These systems were chosen because they are typically reactive elastomer and are commercially important.

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Structural modal identification through ensemble empirical modal decomposition

  • Zhang, J.;Yan, R.Q.;Yang, C.Q.
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.123-134
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    • 2013
  • Identifying structural modal parameters, especially those modes within high frequency range, from ambient data is still a challenging problem due to various kinds of uncertainty involved in vibration measurements. A procedure applying an ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method is proposed for accurate and robust structural modal identification. In the proposed method, the EEMD process is first implemented to decompose the original ambient data to a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which are zero-mean time series with energy in narrow frequency bands. Subsequently, a Sub-PolyMAX method is performed in narrow frequency bands by using IMFs as primary data for structural modal identification. The merit of the proposed method is that it performs structural identification in narrow frequency bands (take IMFs as primary data), unlike the traditional method in the whole frequency space (take original measurements as primary data), thus it produces more accurate identification results. A numerical example and a multiple-span continuous steel bridge have been investigated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Size measurements of galaxies in the nearby clusters (z<0.2) using the GALAPAGOS

  • Lee, Jae Hyung;Lee, Gwang-Ho;Lee, Myung Gyoon
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.66.2-66.2
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    • 2014
  • The size evolution of galaxies is one of the fascinating issues in these days. It is known that the size of a galaxy is closely related to other galactic properties, such as the central surface brightness, stellar mass, and redshift. However, we need to measure the sizes of galaxies precisely to understand those relations. We determine the sizes of early-type galaxies in the nearby clusters (z<0.2) using the GALAPAGOS. The GALAPAGOS is a tool which provides surface photometry for multiple sources, which make it fast and convenient to deal with huge image data. We run the GALAPAGOS individually to the Subaru/Suprime-Cam and the HST/ACS images for the same targets. We present and discuss the result of our size measurements for further applications.

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Power Tunnel Monitoring and Diagnosis Based On Multiple Attribute Making Decision with Uncertainty (불확실성을 고려한 다중요소 의사 결정기반의 지중전력구 감시 및 진단)

  • Lee, Gi-Hea;Kim, Sang-Tae;Lee, Ji-Hoon;Kim, Jong-Hwa
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2015.07a
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    • pp.349-350
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    • 2015
  • Traditional power tunnel monitoring and diagnosis system provides simple alert in accordance with limits which set by operator using various field installed various sensor measurements. System's algorithm is too simple and it has uncertainty of sensor with error. In this paper, proposed algorithm give operator verification using installed sensor measurements such as environmental sensors for fire prevention because of cable overheat in the power tunnel.

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The Influence of Collimators on SPECT COR Measurements (SPECT 회전중심 측정에 있어서 콜리메타의 영향)

  • Lee, Man-Koo
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.89-94
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    • 1996
  • Misalignment between the electronic and mechanical axes of rotation will result in artifact generation and image degradation during single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) reconstruction. Acceptance and quality control testing procedures have not emphasized the variability in center of rotation(COR) measurements caused by collimators and the need to verify uniformity across the full collimator field of view (FOV). Variation from the mean COR across the FOV was tested in four different collimators using multiple point source acquisitions. The mean COR was different for each collimator and one of the four had a > 0.5 pixel difference from the mean COR on some area of the FOV, This variation makes this collimator unacceptable for SPECT acquisition. Thus, initial acceptance testing of SPECT collimators should verify a uniform COR across the full FOV and collimators with a variability from the mean COR > 0.5 pixels should be rejected.

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