• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.101-113
• /
• 2013

반복적인 하중을 받는 볼트 연결부의 비선형적인 거동을 예측할 수 있는 역학적 고등해석 모델을 개발하는 데 주된 초점을 두어 본 연구를 수행하였다. 또한 대표적인 접합부 형태인 T-stub 접합부의 연결 컴포넌트에 대한 실제의 하중 재하 실험값을 활용한 해석으로 얻어진 거동에 대한 예측의 정확성 및 모형화의 타당성을 입증하였다. 연결부를 이루고 있는 구성요소들의 거동은 볼트의 인장변형, T-stub 플랜지의 휨변형, T-stub 몸체의 신장, 전단볼트의 지압 및 미끄러짐을 포함하며 접합부내에서 개별적인 힘-변위 메커니즘으로부터 정의된 다중 선형의 강성모델에 의하여 재현된다. 이러한 구성요소들은 그들의 거동특성을 지닌 비선형 스프링으로 모형화되어 역학적 해석 모델에 설치되어 연결부 전체의 거동을 수치해석적인 방법으로 예측하도록 한다. 해석 모델에 의한 예측값은 강성, 강도 및 변형 측면에서 실험값과 비교하여 정확성을 평가하였으며 이를 근거로 본 연구에서 제안된 역학적 해석 모델이 볼트 연결부의 거동과 성능을 만족하며 예측 가능하다는 결론을 내렸다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2005

이 논문에서는 포화된 2상 지반의 동적해석에서 원역을 모형화하기 위한 새로운 무한요소를 제안하였다. 무한요소법은 무한영역 또는 반무한영역을 모형화해야 하는 공학문제에 효과적으로 적용되어 왔다. 그러나 현재까지 개발된 2상지반의 동적해석을 위한 무한요소는 형상함수에 사용될 수 있는 파동성문이 2개(Pl파와 P2파)로 한정되어 있다. 이 논문에서는 이와 같은 제한을 없애고 임의 개수의 파동성분을 고려할 수 있도록 하는 정식화 과정을 제안하였다. 구조물을 포함하는 근역은 유한요소로 나타내며 원역은 평행층상 반무한 지반으로 가정하였다. 제안된 무한요소의 타당성은 1차원 및 2차원 파동전달문제를 해석하고 이를 이론해 및 정밀수지해석 해와 비교하여 검증하였다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.36.2-36.2
• /
• 2012

The aim of this study was to explore the role of galaxy mergers on the formation and evolution of galaxies in galaxy clusters. For this purpose, u', g', r' deep optical imaging and multi-object spectroscopic observation were done for four rich Abell clusters at z ${\lesssim}$ 0.1 (A119, A2670, A3330, and A389) with a MOSAIC 2 CCD and Hydra spectrograph mounted on a Blanco 4-m telescope at CTIO. With the deep images, we found that about 25% of the bright red-sequence galaxies exhibited post-merger signatures in a cluster environment. This fraction was much higher than what was expected from the results of the field environment (-35%, van Dokkum 2005) and significantly low on-going merger fractions (about one-fifth of the field) appeared in the clusters currently. Taking advantage of the most up-to-date semi-analytic model, the results indicate that most of the post-merger galaxies may have carried over their merger features from their previous halo environment. All the brightest cluster galaxies in our cluster samples revealed faint structures in their halos as well as multiple nuclei in their centers seen in the deep optical images. We suggest that the mass of the BCGs increased mainly though major mergers at recent epochs based on their post-merger signatures and the large gaps in the total magnitudes between the BCGs and the second-rank BCGs. A UV bright tidal tail and tidal dwarf galaxy (TDG) candidates around the post-merger galaxy, NGC 4922, were discovered in the outskirts of the Coma cluster using the GALEX UV data. We did two-component stellar population modeling for the TDG candidates and the results indicate that they are an early form of dwarf galaxies frequently found around massive early-type galaxies in clusters. In conclusion, we suggest that the mergers of galaxies are an important driving force behind galaxy formation and evolution in cluster environments even until recent epochs.

• 정보학연구
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 저압 전력선에서의 데이터 통신에 적합한 변조 방식으로 주목받고 있는 다중 반송 변조의 일종인 OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)의 변조를 실험하고, 이들 데이터를 전달 할 매체인 전력선을 채널 모델링 하였다. 전력선은 각종 전자기기에 의해 분기 연결되어 지연 전파의 경우와 임펄스성 잡음원이 존재하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 반송 주파수와 전력선의 길이에 의해 주파수 선택적 페이딩이 발생함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제33권11호
• /
• pp.915-922
• /
• 2006

최근 임베디드 소프트웨어가 다양한 분야에서의 개발이 두드러지면서 그 요구사항들도 다양해지고 있다. 그 중 이슈화되고 있는 것 중 하나가 하드웨어와의 종속성을 반영한 체계적인 개발방법을 제시하는 것이다. 기존의 개발방법들은 하드웨어와의 밀접한 관계, 여러 유사 도메인에 대한 고수준의 재사용성 요구 등 임베디드 소프트웨어가 갖고 있는 특성들을 효과적으로 반영하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 제품계열적 접근방법을 통해 효율적인 임베디드 소프트웨어 개발방법을 제시하기 위한 개발프로세스 모델 설계방법을 제안한다. 개발프로세스 모델의 설계 중점은 먼저 효율적 요구사항 도출기법으로 디렉토리 방식의 도메인 스코핑 방식과 IDEF0 기반 비즈니스 모델을 제안한다. 다음으로 서비스 구조 기반의 컴포넌트 도출방식과 하드웨어 종속성을 고려한 아키텍처 설계 방식을 제안한다. 마지막으로 제안한 개발프로세스 설계모델이 어떻게 임베디드 소프트웨어 개발에 적용되는지를 보이기 위해 다중센서데이터 융합시스템에 적용한 결과를 설계과정마다 제시한다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.155-155
• /
• 2019

The Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) models have been developed for assessing agricultural management efforts and their effects on soil and water at the field scale as well as more complex multi-subarea landscapes, whole farms, and watersheds. National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Korea, has modified a key component of APEX application, named APEX-Paddy for simulating water quality with considering appropriate paddy management practices, such as puddling and flood irrigation management. Calibration and validation are an anticipated step before any model application. Simple techniques are essential to assess whether or not a parameter should be adjusted for calibration. However, very few study has been done to evaluate the ability of APEX-Paddy to simulate the impact of multiple management scenarios on nutrients loss. In this study, the observation data from experimental fields at Iksan in South Kora was used in calibration and evaluation process during 2013-2015. The APEX auto- calibration tool (APEX-CUTE) was used for model calibration and sensitivity analysis. Four quantitative statistics, the coefficient of determination ($R^2$),Nash-Sutcliffe(NSE),percentbias(PBIAS)androotmeansquareerror(RMSE)were used in model evaluation. In this study, the hydrological process of the modified model, APEX-Paddy, is being calibrated and tested in predicting runoff discharge rate and nutrient yield. Field-scale calibration and validation processes are described with an emphasis on essential calibration parameters and direction regarding logical sequences of calibration steps. This study helps to understand the calibration and validation way is further provided for applications of APEX-Paddy at the field scales.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.181-190
• /
• 2019

Light-frame wood structures have the ability to carry gravity loads. However, their performance during severe wind storms has indicated weakness with respect to resisting uplift wind loads exerted on the roofs of residential houses. A common failure mode observed during almost all main hurricane events initiates at the roof-to-wall connections (RTWCs). The toe-nail connections typically used at these locations are weak with regard to resisting uplift loading. This issue has been investigated at the Insurance Research Lab for Better Homes, where full-scale testing was conducted of a house under appropriate simulated uplift wind loads. This paper describes the detailed and sophisticated numerical simulation performed for this full-scale test, following which the numerical predictions were compared with the experimental results. In the numerical model, the nonlinear behavior is concentrated at the RTWCs, which is simulated with the use of a multi-linear plastic element. The analysis was conducted on four sets of uplift loads applied during the physical testing: 30 m/sincreased by 5 m/sincrements to 45 m/s. At this level of uplift loading, the connections exhibited inelastic behavior. A comparison with the experimental results revealed the ability of the sophisticated numerical model to predict the nonlinear response of the roof under wind uplift loads that vary both in time and space. A further component of the study was an evaluation of the load sharing among the trusses under realistic, uniform, and code pressures. Both the numerical model and the tributary area method were used for the load-sharing calculations.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.318-323
• /
• 2022

Barium titanate (BaTiO₃) is considered to be a beneficial ceramic material for multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) applications because of its high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. Numerous attempts have been made to improve the physical properties of BaTiO₃ in response to recent market trends by employing multicomponent alloying strategies. However, owing to its significant number of atomic combinations and unpredictable physical properties, finding a traditional experimental approach to develop multicomponent systems is difficult; the development of such systems is also time-consuming. In this study, 168 new structures were fabricated using special quasi-random structures (SQSs) of Ba_1-xCa_xTi_1-yZryO₃, and 1680 physical properties were extracted from first-principles calculations. In addition, we built an integrated database to manage the computational results, and will provide big data solutions by performing data analysis combined with AI modeling. We believe that our research will enable the global materials market to realize digital transformation through datalization and intelligence of the material development process.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.217-235
• /
• 2023

Orthogonal pairs of rollers on concave beds (OPRCB) are a low-cost, low-tech rolling-based isolating system, whose high efficiency has been shown in a previous study. However, seismic performance of OPRCB isolators has only been studied in the two-dimensional (2D) state so far. This is while their performance in the three-dimensional (3D) state differs from that of the 2D state, mainly since the vertical accelerations due to rollers' motion in their beds, simultaneously in two orthogonal horizontal directions, are added up and resulting in bigger vertical inertia forces and higher rolling resistance. In this study, first, Lagrange equations were used to derive the governing equations of motion of the OPRCB-isolated buildings in 3D. Then, some regular shear-type OPRCB-isolated buildings were considered subjected to three-component excitations of far- and near-source earthquakes, and their responses were compared to those of their fixed-base counterparts. Finally, the effects of more realistic modeling and analysis were examined by comparing the responses of isolated buildings in 2D and 3D states. Response histories were obtained by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta-Nystrom method, considering the geometrical nonlinearity of isolators. Results reveal that utilizing the OPRCB isolators effectively reduces the acceleration response, however, depending on the system specifications and earthquake characteristics, the maximum responses of isolated buildings in the 3D state can be up to 40% higher than those in the 2D state.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.479-500
• /
• 2022

In this study, a new type of isolation bearing is proposed by combining S-shaped steel plate dampers (SSDs) with a spherical steel bearing, and the seismic control effect of a five-span standard high-speed railway bridge is investigated. The advantages of the proposed S-shaped steel damping friction bearing (SSDFB) are that it cannot only lengthen the structural periods, dissipate the seismic energy, but also prevent bridge unseating due to the restraint effectiveness of SSDs in the large relative displacements between the girders and piers. This study first presents a detailed description and working principle of the SSDFB. Then, mechanical modeling of the SSDFB was derived to fundamentally define its cyclic behavior and obtain key mechanical parameters. The numerical model of the SSDFB's critical component SSD was verified by comparing it with the experimental results. After that, parameter studies of the dimensions and number of SSDs, the friction coefficient, and the gap length of the SSDFBs were conducted. Finally, the longitudinal seismic responses of the bridge with SSDFBs were compared with the bridge with spherical bearing and spherical bearing with strengthened shear keys. The results showed that the SSDFB can not only significantly mitigate the shear force responses and residual displacement in bridge substructures but also can effectively reduce girder displacement and prevent bridge unseating, at a cost of inelastic deformation of the SSDs, which is easy to replace. In conclusion, the SSDFB is expected to be a cost-effective option with both multi-stage energy dissipation and restraint capacity, making it particularly suitable for seismic isolation application to high-speed railway bridges.