• Title/Summary/Keyword: mulching cultivation

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Adaptability of Improved Wild Vine in Slopled Highland and It's Effect of Soil Conservation (개량머루의 고랭지 적응성과 토양보전 효과)

  • Lee, Gye-Jun;Lee, Jeong-Tae;Yoon, Yeong-Nam;Jin, Yong-Ik;Park, Chol-Soo;Zhang, Yong-Seon;Joo, Jin-Ho;Hwang, Seon-Woong
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.419-424
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    • 2008
  • Objective of this study was to evaluate the adaptation and the soil conservation effect of improved wild vine in sloped upland of highland about 600m from sea level in Korea. A mainly producing district of the improved wild vine in Korea was distributed 230m to 540m from sea level, and its rainfall ranged 1,200 to 1,700 mm. The lowest temperature was from -19.6 to $-25.4^{\circ}C$. Their soil texture was from sandy loam to clay loam, where drainage class was well drained and the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in the improved wild vine's cultivation area were higher than those of Chinese cabbage's cultivation area in the highland. According to improved wild vine's cultivation methods, the amounts of soil erosion were 25.5,4.1, and $1.8MT\;ha^{-1}$ in clean culture, part sod + mulching, and nature sod, respectively. Those were below 30 to $80MT\;ha^{-1}$ of sloped upland at highland in Korea. The result suggests that it is possible to cultivate the improved wild vine over wintering at 600m of highland above the sea level. We can substitute the improved wild vine for Chinese cabbage in the highland for soil conservation.

2 Cropping systems using field crops in unheated plastic house at paddy field

  • Shin, Jung-Ho;Moon, Jin-Young;Song, Jae-Ki;Choi, Yong-Jo;Hong, Kwang-Pyo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2017.06a
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    • pp.279-279
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    • 2017
  • In Korea, the single span unheated plastic house cultivated crops from autumn to spring of the following year, removed the plastic film and frame, cultivated rice, set up a plastic house again and cultivated crops. The crops in the greenhouse are utilized mainly for the production of leaf vegetables such as lettuce, leek, and fruit vegetables such as strawberry, watermelon, oriental melon, etc. and raising high income. Because, the production of these crops has characteristics requiring a lot of labor and it is difficult to produce horticultural crops at unheated plastic houses as the rural population ages. Therefore, we conducted a test to develop a crop planting system to cultivate crops in single span unheated plastic houses, although the utilization of labor is less than that of horticultural crops. The prior cropping cultivated three cultivars of sweet potatoes early, the second produced cultivated sweet potatoes, corn and soybeans. In the cultivation of the previous cropping, the sweet potatoes were harvested on the 113th day after planting on March 30th, the yield was 822 kg/10a for Pungwonmi, 1,377 kg/10a for Jinhongmi, 1,483 kg/10a for the Dahomi. Because of differences, the yield of Pungwonmi cultivar was less than that other cultivars and the yield of open field cultivations, we will expect further research. In the cultivation of the succeeding crops sweet potatoes were planted on July 27 and harvested 110 days later and investigated. The product yield of Pungwonmi cultivar was 1,024 kg/10a, and the Jinhongmi, Dahomi cultivars were not at economic level for sale and were necessary to review. In succeeding-crops, corn tested the Ilmichal cultivar, seeded on 27th July, harvested on October 11th. The day of silking was 45 days after sowing, the yield was 1,156 kg/10a, the goods rate was 100% level. The beans in the succeeding cultivation crop were sowed on 27th July, the early maturing of the varieties coming to Hwangeumol and Saeol cultivar, on 17th October, the late maturing soybean Daewonkong cultivar were harvested on October 21st. The yield of early maturing two cultivars was 214 kg/10a, Daewonkong was 257 kg/10a, and 100 seeds weight which were more than the early maturing beans were also heavy. When calculating these incomes price-wise according to the harvest time, we were able to consider the income in the order of corn, sweet potato and soybean from the second term crop. Various studies such as varieties, mulching method, moisture management, control environment management, etc. are considered necessary to develop cropping systems with sweet potato and field crops in future unheated plastic house.

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Effects of Barley Straw Application and Tillage Method on Soil Physical Property and Soybean Yield in Paddy Field (논에서 콩 재배시 보릿짚 시용과 경운방법에 따른 토양 물리성과 수량)

  • Lee, Sang-Bok;Kim, Byong-Soo;Kang, Jong-Gook;Kim, Sun;Kim, Jai-Duk
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.51 no.7
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    • pp.593-598
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tillage methods such as plowing and rotary tillage (PRT), rotary tillage (RTG), no-tillage after barley straw application (NTB), and barley straw mulching after plowing and rotary tillage (BPR) on the growth and the yield of soybean when cultivated after the cultivation of barley. The methods were compared with the control method in which plowing and rotary tillage after barley straw incineration was applied. Barley straw application resulted in increase in organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphate, and exchangeable cation regardless of tillage methods. Porosity and moisture level in paddy soil was ranked as follows : PRT > RTG > BPR > control > NTB. Decomposition rate of barley straw dramatically increased to 41.7% toward 30 days after soybean sowing, higher in NTB, DRB, and RTG than in BPR. Weed occurrence was decreased 36% in NTB and 40% in BPR. Root activity, nodulation and the dry weight per plant of soybean at flowering stage were highest in NTB and lowest in PRT. Soybean yield in NTB was 3,070 kg/ha increasing 19%, whereas that in PRT was not increased. Therefore in case of a frequent rain during the cultivation of soybean in paddy field PRT could result in excess moisture level in soil, the cultivation without tillage is desirable.

Studies on the Breeding of Cold Hardiness and Technique of Overwintering Cultivation in Citrus (감귤(柑橘)의 내한성(耐寒性) 품종육성(品種育成) 및 내한(耐寒) 재배기술(栽培技術)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Chi-moon;Song, Ho-kyung;Kim, Chung-suk
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.126-140
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    • 1977
  • Present studies were carried out for breeding cold resistant clones of Citrus, improving overwintering techniques of Citrus in Jeju island as well as other southern region, Result obtained were as follows 1. In the vinyl house covered with two sheets of straw mat, 12 indivuals were found as non-injury and 15 were slightly injured by leaf freeging test at $-9^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours treatment. 2. In the condition of vinyl house covered with straw mat and viny film mulching and heat-in by sun-light, the inside temperature of vinyl house were not lowered below $-3^{\circ}C$ and the ground temperatura in vinyl house keeps above $0^{\circ}C$ during winter though outdoor temperature were lower by $-15^{\circ}C$(Daejeon area). 3. The vinyl tunnel inside the vinyl house and vinyl film mulching on ground position showed greater effectiveness for preventing heat loss from house but there were no significant difference between the color of vinyl film covered the tunnel. 4. In the vertical distribution of maximum temperature in vinyl house, the upper space was slightly higher than the lower position at high temperature condition, while minimum temperature was distributed as higher as the middle position, ground surface and upper position in order at low temperature condition 5. In the horizontal distribution of temperature in vinyl house, ground and surface-temperature of north side was lower than the other sides, and citrus planted within 30cm from north side wall died by cold injury and in the other side near wall appeared slight symptom of cold injury. 6. The insulating trench ($30{\times}30{\times}30cm$) packed with straw bundle installed under north wall might be effective to prevent heat loss of ground temperature. 7. In cloudy and snowy day, the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor were less, and the indoor temperature were maintained highly during night due to the effect of prevention of heat loss. 8. The highest temperature in a day was observed at about P.M. 3 both inside and outside of vinyl house and the lowest temperature was observed at about A.M. 6. The difference between the highest and lowest temperature of indoor in a sunny day was $19^{\circ}C$, compared with $9^{\circ}C$ on a cloudy or snowy day in late November. Especially, lowering of temperature in a snowy day was so less that the curve of temperature change was comparatively constant, 9. If the effective methods of citrus cultivation in vinyl house with improved clone such as hardiness. semi-dwarf and spur type are applied, it might be possible to cultivate the citrus tree safely in Jeju island as well as other southern rejion and to magnity the cultivation of citrus tree.

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Bio-degradable Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Mulching Films Containing Rice By-product (벼 부산물을 함유한 생분해성 필름의 기계적 성질 및 분해 특성)

  • Han, Sang-Ik;Kang, Hang-Won;Byun, Dae-Woo;Jang, Ki-Chang;Seo, Woo-Duck;Ra, Ji-Eun;Kim, Jun-Young;Choi, Kyung-Jin
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.56 no.2
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    • pp.113-118
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    • 2011
  • This study was aimed to develop blend films by rice by-product (rice-hull and rice-bran) and bio-degradable materials. The rice by-product was firstly prepared from the pulverizing for making fine powder. Bio-degradable materials could be prepared by melting at high temperature. The mixture of the fine powder of rice by-product and melted bio-degradable materials was then blended and cast into films. The obtained films were investigated on their morphology, secondary structures and properties by using SEM, ICP and ASTM, respectively. Mechanical properties and degradability of these films were measured and compared to those of the PE films. Mechanical strength of bio-films was higher than that of PE films, however elongation ratio showed lower percent than that of PE film. In addition, bio-film could be degraded into fragments within 3 months under the field condition of normal upland crop cultivation. Bio-degradable mulching film indicated great potential for agronomic use as a new source of bio-degradable material.

Survey of Diease and Weed Control in Organic and Free-pesticide Cultivation of Chunnam Area 'Ssam' Vegegable (전남지역 쌈채류 무농약.유기재배농가의 잡초, 병해충관리 실태분석)

  • Lim, Kyeong-Ho;Kim, Sun-Guk;Choi, Kyong-Ju;Kim, Do-Ik;Kim, Seon-Gon;Lee, Yong-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.109-121
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    • 2007
  • For developing standard method for diease, pest and weed control in environmental friendly 'Ssam' vegetable cultivation, this study was carried out to investigating agriculture material use in organic agriculture and no pesticide cultivation for lettuce, kale, leafy perilla and korean cabbage. The 28.6% of investigated farmer carried out seed sterilization by seed selection with salt solution and soaking in chitosan that not validated. For raising seedling periods, the 55.6% of farmer did not use environmental-friendly agriculture material for, diease control and the 50% of farmer used one time for. pest control. Therefore, the control of disease and pest could be achieved with one or two times use of environmental-friendly agriculture material. Seed sterilization was carried out by soil solar sterilization, one time per year in 71.4% of farmer. Weed was controled by black PE film for weed germination of furrow in many farmer, by man-power weeding for weed of ridge in 85% of farmer and by machine weeding and mulching in some farmer. During cultivation period, the major pest were Aphis gossypii in lettuce, Plutella xylostella in kale, Plutella xylostella and Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) in korean cabbage and Pyrausta panopealis (Walke) in feat perilla. The many farmers used environ-mental-friendly agriculture material for control of pest over 10 times for spring season, and more used sold materials in market than home-made materials. In result, it needs to develop standardized method and validate cultivation methods for control of disease and pest, and seed sterilization treatment environmental-friendly 'Ssam' vegetable.

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Evaluation of Surface Covering Methods for Reducing Soil Loss of Highland Slope in Radish Cultivation (고랭지 경사 밭 무 재배지에서 토양유실경감을 위한 피복방법 평가)

  • Lee, Jeong-Tae;Lee, Gye-Jun;Ryu, Jong-Soo;Park, Suk-Hoo;Han, Kyung-Hwa;Zhang, Yong-Seon
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.44 no.5
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    • pp.667-673
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    • 2011
  • There is relatively high vulnerability of soil erosion in slope highland agriculture due to a reclamation of mountain as well as low surface covering in early summer season with high rainfall intensity time. The aim of this study was to evaluate various surface covering methods for reducing soil loss in highland radish cultivation in highland. The experiment was conducted in 17% sloped lysimeter ($2.5m{\times}13.4m$) with 8 treatments including covering with cut rye, sod culture of rye, Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai, Arachniodes aristata Tindale, Aster koraiensis Nakai, Festuca myuros L. and mulching with black polyethylene film, and runoff water, eroded soil and radish growth were investigated. Surface covering with sod culture and plant residue, especially cut rye treatment, had lower runoff water than non-covering, whereas black polyethylene film mulching had the reverse. The amount of eroded soil was also lowest in cut rye treatment, $0.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, and increased in the order of rye sod culture, Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai, Aster koraiensis Nakai, Festuca myuros L., Arachniodes aristata Tindale, black polyethylene film, and non-covering, $68.2Mg\;ha^{-1}$. The results showed that surface covering with sod culture or plant residue could be effective for reducing runoff water and soil erosion in the radish field, significantly in cut rye treatment. On the other hand, in sod culture of rye, Aster koraiensis Nakai and Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai, radish yields were lower than in the non-covering. Unlike this, covering with cut rye, sod culture of Festuca myuros L. had similar radish yield to the non-covering radish yield. In conclusion, covering with cut rye and sod culture of Festuca myuros L. were beneficial for reduction of soil loss without decreasing in radish yield in highland sloped fields.

Soil Conservation and Maintenance of Fertility on Upland Soils (전토양(田土壤)의 지력유지(地力維持)와 농지보전(農地保全))

  • Oh, Wang Keun;Ryu, In Soo;An, Yun Woo
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.53-60
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    • 1973
  • It is well known that upland soils in Korea are of low fertility, especially if newly reclaimed. Broadcasting of a sufficient rate of fused phosphate in addition to the normal dosage of fertilizer on such soils, may produce a crop yield comparable to that on ordinary upland soils, and the broadcasting of fertilities may build up soil fertility rather quickly. Building up fertility in this way will give a good crop growth on such newly reclaimed soils even under conditions where supplies of compost are limited. Since the precipitation in Korea is mainly concentrated in the months June through September, a complete cover of the land during this period is of major importance, requiring a well considered rotation and skilful management. If this is not possible, the application of a much of about 200 kg, straw per 1/10th ha. is recommended instead. Furthermore, contour cultivation on land with slopes less than five degrees, together with contour furrows, straw mulching, strip cultivation, interplanting, and proper selection of crops which provide a good cover of the land, is recommended on slopes varying between five and fifteen degrees and in addition, bench-terraces on slopes in excess of $15^{\circ}$.

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The State of Mulberry Cultivation and It's Development in High Land of Benguet Province, Philippines (필리핀 벤규트의 고지대 뽕밭현황 및 개선방안)

  • Ryu, Keun Sup
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • v.14
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    • pp.85-100
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    • 1996
  • The Studies were conducted to provide the state of mulberry cultivation and it's development in Banguet province (high land) of Philippines. Philippines initiated the sericulture industry with the technical asistance of Japan in 1974 and established mulberry field and sericultural facilities with technical asistance of Korea in 1990 and 1995. The required average of 100 to 150mm per month is not available during the dry season from December to March. Therefore mulching with grass which is available abundantly in the Philippines should be established to conserve moisture, to control soil erosion, surface ran-off and also to increase the humus content in the soil. In chemical properties of mulberry field, the pH value of soil is 4.7, organic matter 1.6%, and available phosphorus 6ppm. Therefore, all fields should do liming and be applied compost. To improve leaf yield for mulberry planted under partial shade area of pine trees, more pruning of pine tree should be done for good sunshining of mulberry, more liming and compost should be applied to improve acidic soil. To control the leaf roller, DDVP and KAFIL are able to be used. When spraying insecticides to control mulberry insect pests, care should be taken to consider the residual effects of chemicals on the leaf. Leaf should be fed to silkworms only after the leaves are free of any residual effects.

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Effect of Weed Control and Lodging Reduction for Increase the Grain Yield of Buckwheat (메밀증수를 위한 잡초방제 및 도복경감 효과)

  • Heo, Kwon;Lee, Han-Bum;Park, Chul-Ho;Choi, Yong-Soon
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.243-248
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    • 2000
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of weed control and lodging reduction in the cultivation of buckwheat. The effect of weed control was significant. In the herbicide plot, nevertheless, grain yield and plant height were more decreased than habitual and vinyl mulching plots. Therefore, the application of herbicide was considered unnecessary in buckwheat cultivation having short growth period. In the habitual plot, dominant weed species are Digitaria sanguinalis, Erigeron annuus, E. canadensis, Setaria viridis, and Stellaria alsine var. undulata. On the effect of plant dwarf agent, C.C.C. and TIBA, plant height became shorter than habitual plot but the grain yield decreased. The latter tip pinching time, the less in grain yield which indicate tip pinching is ineffective in grain yield and lodging reduction. Among the wild species and cultivars of Fagopyrum, F. urophyllum was differentiated into xylem and phloem tissues indicating woody plant. Stem hardness of this species was the hardest as 625,110,000 dyne/cm$^2$which is at least 3.5 times harder than F. esculentum cv. Suwon #12. Therefore, it needs that the woody habitat gene of F. urophyllum is transfered into other cultivars in buckwheat breeding strategy.

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