• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of feeding mulberry leaf extracts on lipid composition in rats fed high cholesterol diets. An initial 30-person sensory evaluation of preparations containing various concentrations of mulberry leaf extract showed that a preparation containing 9% mulberry leaf extracts was the most highly preferred. In addition, subsidiary materials of pine needle extracts and mugwort extracts were added to weaken the unpleasant smell of mulberry leaf extract A preparation containing 9% mulberry leaf extract with 3% mugwort extract and 7% pine needle extract was given highest preference scores by the 30-person panel. When comparing the functional ingredients contents of the various preparations of mulberry leaf extracts, such as GABA, DNJ and flavonoids, no significant differences were found as a result of adding subsidiary materials (pine needle and mugwort extracts). Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing l00$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal diet group, and to four high cholesterol diet groups containing 1% cholesterol, to elucidate the functionality of the mulberry leaf extract The four high cholesterol diet groups were classified into: a mulberry leaf extract diet group free of subsidiary materials (EB group); a mulberry extract diet group with pine needle extracts (EP group); a mulberry leaf extract diet group with mugwort extracts (EM group); and a control group (HC group). The mulberry leaf extracts were provided as drinking water; the diet and water were fed ad libitum. Hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher, by 279% to 475%, in the high cholesterol groups compared to the normal diet groups, but were significantly lower in the three groups supplied with mulberry leaf extracts, compared with the high cholesterol control. There were no changes in functionality of the mulberry leaf extract preparations due to the addition of subsidiary materials. In conclusion, preparations of mulberry leaf extracts were shown to improve lipid metabolism in rats fed a high cholesterol diet, by reducing hepatic and plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Also human palatability of the mulberry leaf preparation was improved by adding subsidiary materials such as pine needle and mugwort extracts.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

This study investigated the effects of mulberry leaf extract on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were randomly assigned either to one of two normal diet groups, with (NE group) or without (N group) mulberry extract, or one of four high cholesterol groups containing 1% cholesterol and various levels of dietary mulberry leaf extract. The rats fed high cholesterol diets were subdivided into 4 groups according to level of mulberry extract; Mulberry extract free group (HC group), 0.8% mulberry leaf extract group (HCL group), 1.6% mulberry leaf extract (HCM group) and 3.2% mulberry leaf extract (HCH group). The rats were fed their respective diets ad libitum for 4 weeks. The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of the HC group were higher than mulberry leaf extract supplemented groups. In contrast, the levels of serum HDL-cholesterol in groups supplemented with mulberry leaf extract were significantly lower than that of HC group. Hepatic total lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol were significantly higher in the high cholesterol groups compared to those of the normal group, but were lower in the HCL, HCM and HCH groups than in the HC group. HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly decreased in the HC and HCL groups compared to the normal and NE groups. However, the activities in the HCM and HCH group were similar to that of the normal group. The activity of acyl-CoA-cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) was increased in high cholesterol groups compared to the normal group. However, the activity was lower for all of the high cholesterol groups fed mulberry leaf extracts, and was lowest for the highest supplemented group (HCH), with no significantly difference from the normal group. In conclusion, the reduction in serum and hepatic lipid composition by mulberry leaf extract may be due to its modulation of HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT activities.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2011

The function of mulberry leaves and the quality of muffins including mulberry leaves were examined. The electron donating ability of both a water and ethanol extract was 40% for both at 100 ppm, 62 and 72% at 500 ppm, and 77 and 83% at 1,000 ppm respectively. These experiments showed good oxidized substance activity. The SOD-like ability of the water and ethanol extracts at 1,000, 500, and 300 ppm was 49% and 55%, 33% and 39%, and 28% and 33% respectively. These results show that the ethanol extract had higher SOD-like ability than that of the water extract. The nitrite scavenging abilities of 1,000 ppm of the mulberry leaf water extract and ethanol extract at pHs of 1.2 and 3.0 were 40.5 and 47%, and 20 and 22% respectively. The Hunter lightness value tended to be lower as the amount of added mulberry leaves increased compared to the contrast set, so the lightness level with a 7% addition was the lowest. The contrast set was the highest for redness and added mulberry leaves tended to decrease redness at 3% but tended to increase it again with additions >3%. The b-value (yellowness) showed a similar tendency as redness. Adding Mulberry leaves tended to decrease the contrast set to the lowest level, then values increased slowly to a peak at 5% added mulberry leaf and then decreased thereafter. Strength and hardness were less after increasing added mulberry leaf. Cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and brittleness, decreased at up to 5% added mulberry leaves but the 7% addition showed the same level as the contrast set. The mulberry leaves muffins were less preferred to the contrast set in appearance and color. However, the mulberry leaf muffins were preferred to the contrast set in taste and flavor but the result was not significant. Overall the quality of the muffins with 3% added mulberry leaves was preferred over the 1% added mulberry leaf muffins.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2009

뽕잎추출액을 첨가한 발효유의 이화학적 특성을 분석한 결과, pH는 배양시간이 경과함에 따라 뽕잎추출액 첨가군의 pH가 낮아졌으며, 산도는 발효유의 뽕잎추출액 첨가 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 생균수는 뽕잎추출액 0.5% 첨가군의 생균수가 가장 많았고, 뽕잎추출액의 첨가량에 따라 무지유고형분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분 함량은 증가하였으며, 수분과 lactose 함량은 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 무기질함량에서는 칼슘, 마그네슘, 칼륨 함량이 뽕잎추출액 첨가군에서 유의하게(p<0.05) 증가하였고, 색도는 발효유의 뽕잎추출액 함량이 높을수록 L값과 a값은 낮았으며 b값은 증가되었다. 관능검사에서 색은 뽕잎추출액 1.0% 첨가군에서 가장 높았으며, 향미는 뽕잎추출액 0.5% 첨가군이 가장 높았고, 맛과 질감은 뽕잎추출액 1.0% 첨가군이 가장 높아 전체적인 기호도에서 뽕잎추출액 1.0% 첨가군이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 뽕잎추출액을 첨가한 발효유의 이화학적 특성과 관능적 특성을 분석한 결과 뽕잎추출액 1%를 첨가한 발효유가 가장 적합하였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

In relation to the global increase trend of obesity population, there is a demand for the development of foods having high functional activity by mass-extracting anti-obesity active substances using mulberry product such as leaf and fruit. Therefore, we evaluated the antiobesity efficacy according to varieties by using the mulberry leaves and fruit extracts. At the same time, high active varieties were selected. For this purpose, the effects of the extracts of the mulberry leaf and fruit on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation were examined. As a result, in the case of mulberry leaves, the lipid accumulation inhibitory rate of 'Cheongolppong' was higher than that of the control at $500{\mu}g/ml$ treatment. And in the case of the extract of mulberry fruit, 'Daesim' showed the highest lipid accumulation inhibitory rate compared with the control at 50 times of diluted extract.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.364-369
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• 2002

본 연구는 천연 자원인 뽕나무에서 혈당강하 효능을 가진 뽕잎(상엽)의 열수 추출법을 이용하여 상엽 추출물의 공정화 확립과 Formulation 개발을 위해 상엽 추출물과 silk peptide 및 한약재를 첨가한 시제품을 동물실험을 통하여 Formulation을 최종 결정하여 제품화하여 기능성 음료를 개발하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 상엽 추출의 최적 조건은 상엽 크기는 3mm 이하로 하고, 2/3 정도 packing된 면포자루로 포장된 상엽을 사용하며, 상엽 사용량은 50~100 g/L, 추출 온도는 9$0^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간은 2 hr으로 하였으며 이때 수율은 20~25%였다. 또한 시료 배합에 따른 혈당강하 실험을 통하여 상엽 추출물과 silk peptide 의 농도는 각각 1%, 0.1%일 때 혈당강하 작용이 가장 우수하였으며 부재료로 사용된 둥글레는 상엽추출물의 10% 첨가한 경우가 혈당강하작용이 가장 컸으며, polydextrose도 효과가 있으므로 첨가하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.252-255
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• 2001

뽕잎 분말이 1, 10%가 되도록 사료에 첨가시켜 4주동안 SD 흰쥐에게 급여한 후 이들의 대장 내용물로부터 총균수와 주요장내미생물의 생균수를 배지를 이용하여 혐기배양한 후 측정한 결과 총균수는 뽕잎 투여군에서 대조군에 비해 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 유해균으로 분류할 수 있는 Clostridium은 대조군보다 뽕잎투여군에서 유의성있게 감소하였고, E. coli와 Staphylococcus도 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 뽕잎 메탄올 추출물과 분획물들의 미생물의 생장억제효과를 측정한 결과, 헥산분획과 물분획물이 Clostridium perfringens에 대하여 억제효과를 보였다. 장내균총의 개선 측면에서 뽕잎은 기능성 식품소재로서의 이용가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

본 연구는 뽕잎추출물의 지질대사 개선효과를 검정하고자 하였다. 실험 동물은 체중 100$\pm$10 g 내외의 Sprague-Dawley 종 수컷을 구입하여 난괴법 (randomized complet block design)에 의해 정상식이군(N group), 정상식이에 0.16% 뽕잎추출물 공급군(NM group), 고콜레스테롤식이 공급군(HC group)과 고콜레스테롤식이에 뽕잎추출물 공급군으로 나눈 후 다시 뽕잎추출물의 급여 수준에 따라 뽕잎추출물을 0.08% 공급한 군(HCL group), 뽕잎추출물을 0.16% 공급한 군(HCM group), 뽕잎추출물을 0.32% 공급한 군(HCH group) 등 각 군 모두 10마리씩 하였다. 식이와 식수는 자유 공급시켰으며 4주간 사육한 후 희생시켰다. 체중증가량, 식이섭취량, 식수섭취량 및 식이효율은 실험군간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 혈중 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, A.I 등은 고콜레스테롤군에 비해 뽕잎추출물 공급군이 유의적으로 감소되었으며 HDL-콜레스테롤은 고콜레스테롤군에 비해 뽕잎추출물 공급군이 유의적으로 증가되었다. UDP-glucuronyl transferase(UDP-GTase) 활성은 N군에 비해 HC군에서 유의적으로 증가되었으나 고콜레스테롤 식이군간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 간조직중의 총지방 및 콜레스테롤 함량은 고콜레스테롤군에 비해 뽕잎추출물 공급군에서 유의적으로 감소되었다. 콜레스테롤 함량은 고콜레스테롤 식이군 간의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. Lipoprotein lipase활성은 HC군에 비하여 HCM 및 HCH군에서 유의적으로 감소되었다. 부고환 지방 중의 총지질, 중성지방, 콜레스테롤 함량은 HC군에 비해 뽕잎추출물 공급군에서 유의적으로 감소되었다. 분변 중으로 배설되는 총지질, 중성지방, 콜레스테롤 함량은 HC군에 비해 뽕잎추출물 공급군에서 증가되었다. 이상의 결과에서 뽕잎추출물의 고콜레스테롤 식이 흰쥐에서 혈액, 간, 부고환 조직 및 분변중의 지질대사 개선효과가 규명되었다.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2019

Eggshell is a waste material after the usage of egg. In this work, biowaste chicken eggshells were used for preparing carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles of high purity through aqueous precipitation method at room temperature. The eggshell-derived HA will be a cost-effective bioceramics for biomedical applications and an effective material-recycling technology. Additionally, mulberry leaf extract was used as a template to regulate the morphology, size and crystallinity of HA, and the effects of pH value were also examined. Characterization of the samples was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the size, shape and morphology of HA. The results indicate that only one phase of HA were synthesized in the both absence and presence of mulberry leaf extract at pH of 7 and above, while DCPD or DCPA/DCPD phase was observed at pH 4 condition. The crystallite sizes of the HA samples obviously decreased when adding mulberry leaf extract as a template, while they decreased gradually as the solution pH levels increased. With increasing pH level from 7 to 14, the rod-like HA nanoparticles gradually changed to spherical shape at pH 14. Note that, the obtained product is Mg and Sr containing A- and B-type carbonate HA at alkaline pH and it can be a potential material for biomedical applications.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2014

This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of mulberry leaf against 16 strains of mutans streptococci and four species of periodontopathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts or silica gel chromatography fractions of methanol-extracted mulberry leaf were evaluated by determining minimal inhibitory concentrations using an established microdilution method. The cytotoxicity of the extracts of mulberry leaf on KB cells was tested by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Chromatography fraction 12 displayed the most potent antimicrobial activity against all 16 strains of mutans streptococci, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia. No KB cell cytotoxicity was evident up to $128{\mu}g/ml$ of fraction 12. The methanol extract had no antimicrobial activity against F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans. These results suggest chromatography fraction 12 methanol extract of mulberry leaf could be useful in the development of oral hygiene products, such as dentifrice and oral hygiene solution, for the prevention of dental caries.