• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2017

We studied on improvement method of rutin content using mulberry leaf powder. Mulberry leaves were collected and then hot-air dried and powdered for experiment. As a result, we have developed a pre-treatment method that extracts mulberry leaf powder with water or fermented alcohol with reflux extractor and then increases the rutin content by improving the process. Citric acid (0.1 ~ 1%) and 1000 ml fermented alcohol (50 ~ 95%) or water (10 ~ 50 times) was extracted with 100 g of mulberry leaf powder using a reflux extraction device ($80{\sim}90^{\circ}C$, 1 hour, twice). The extracts were collected, filtered and concentrated. For the recrystallization, the concentrate was dissolved by adding distilled water and allowed to stand at a low temperature. Then, the supernatant was discarded by centrifugation, and only the residue was lyophilized to prepare a final powder. As a result, regardless of the concentration of citric acid added, the content of rutin was higher in 90% fermented alcohol extract. Whereas, in the case of extracting with water, citric acid 0.5% was added to water 25 times as much as the weight of mulberry leaf powder, and 2274.4 (mg / 100g) of rutin content was highest in the case of refluxing twice at $80^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The powder with increased rutin content is expected to be applicable to various foods as a food additive. In addition, it can contribute to the improvement of the farm income by promoting consumption of mulberry leaf while satisfying the consumers' desire for functional food intake.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.114-124
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• 2006

생리활성을 갖는 새로운 기능성 물질을 개발할 목적으로 108종의 뽕잎을 이용하여 물과 80% 에탄올 추출물을 제조하고 이들의 Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) 활성억제효과 및 XOase(xanthine oxidase) 활성억제효과를 탐색하여 본 결과, 페놀함량이 물 추출물에서는 각자용산, 대정선 등 10종이, 80% 에탄올 추출물에서는 와룡, 하수상 등 23종이 15 mg/g 이상의 총 페놀함량을 나타내었으며, Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 활성억제효과는 야마나까다까스께, 미지로 등 10종이 물 추출물 및 80% 에탄올 추출물에서 동시에 100%의 활성억제효과를 나타내었으며, 그 외 청일뽕 등 34종은 물 추출물에서, 원주고조 등 34종은 80% 에탄올 추출물에서 90% 이상의 활성억제효과를 나타내었다. 또한 XOase(xanthine oxidase) 활성억제효과는 물 추출물에서 청십조생, 수원상3호 등 5종이, 80% 에탄올 추출물에서 적목이 50% 이상의 활성억제효과를 나타내었으며, 그 외 수원뽕 등 27종은 물 추출물에서, 홍올뽕 등 21종은 80% 에탄올 추출물에서 약간씩의 효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과, g당 페놀함량이 적은 뽕잎이지만 높은 생리활성기능을 나타내는 여러 종의 뽕잎 물과 80% 에탄올 추출물들은 항고혈압 및 항관절염의 효과가 있는 기능성 식품소재로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.251-254
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 뽕잎을 물과 에탄올로 추출하여 얻은 뽕잎추출물을 이용하여 특성을 분석하고 구강미생물에 대한 항균 및 항 진균효과를 검색하여 다음과 같은 실험결과를 얻었다. 뽕잎을 차로 마실 경우 물의 온도가 $81^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 뽕잎의 구성 성분이 물속에 용해되어 나오는 것으로 나타났다. 추출에 사용된 용매에 따라 추출된 성분 물질의 차이를 확인하기 위하여 적외선(IR) 분광분석을 실시하여 2000에서 $4500cm^{-1}$의 범위에서 에탄올과 물로 추출한 물질의 경우 흡수 피크(peak)의 강도에서는 차이를 보이기는 하지만 전체적인 추출물질의 성분에는 큰 차이가 발생하지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. 용매에 따른 추출물질의 양은 물로 추출한 경우에 비하여 에탄올로 추출한 경우가 좀 더 많은 양의 물질이 추출되어진다는 것을 IR 특성을 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. 뽕잎의 물과 에탄올에 의한 추출물에서는 S. mutans JC-2에 대한 항균활성이 나타나지 않았으나 S. epidermis ATCC 12228와 S. aureus ATCC 29213에서 최소억제농도가 $3,200{\mu}g/ml$으로 미약하게 항균효과가 나타났다. 또한, C. albicans KCTC 1940은 $1,600{\mu}g/ml$로 항진균효과를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이와같이 뽕잎 추출물은 구강미생물에 대하여 미약하지만 항균활성을 가지고 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권spc1호
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• pp.220-223
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• 2005

최근 뽕잎과 더불어 기능성 및 천연색소 자원으로서 뽕나무의 열매인 오디가 새로운 작목으로 유망시 되고 있다. 농가의 소득향상은 물론 소비자의 관심과 수요에 부응하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 오디를 수확하여 신경세포 보호활성과 항균활성에 대한 오디 추출물의 효능을 평가함으로써 오디의 기능성 및 이용성을 증대시키고자 하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 신경독성 물질 $H_2O_2$처리에 의해 유도되는 신경세포사에 대하여 오디 추출물 $10{\mu}g/ml$의 농도 처리시 $37\%$의 세포보호 효과를 나타냈으며, Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)에 의하여 유발된 뇌허혈 모델에서는 오디 C3G의 경우 농도 의존형으로 세포괴사를 막았다. 특히 cyanidin의 경우는 $10{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 $70\%$이상의 뇌세포보호 효과를 나타냈다. 2. 오디 추출물과 C3G의 항균활성을 검정한 결과, 청일뽕 오디의 MeOH 추출물의 항균 활성이 가장 높았으나, Salmonella typhimurium 의 경우 모든 처리군에서 $70\%$ 이상의 억제 활성을 나타냈다. 모든 처리군에서 $50{\mu}l$농도보다 $100{\mu}l$농도에서 균주의 억제 활성이 높게 나타났다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

This study investigated the effects of mulberry leaf extract on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were randomly assigned either to one of two normal diet groups, with (NE group) or without (N group) mulberry extract, or one of four high cholesterol groups containing 1% cholesterol and various levels of dietary mulberry leaf extract. The rats fed high cholesterol diets were subdivided into 4 groups according to level of mulberry extract; Mulberry extract free group (HC group), 0.8% mulberry leaf extract group (HCL group), 1.6% mulberry leaf extract (HCM group) and 3.2% mulberry leaf extract (HCH group). The rats were fed their respective diets ad libitum for 4 weeks. The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of the HC group were higher than mulberry leaf extract supplemented groups. In contrast, the levels of serum HDL-cholesterol in groups supplemented with mulberry leaf extract were significantly lower than that of HC group. Hepatic total lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol were significantly higher in the high cholesterol groups compared to those of the normal group, but were lower in the HCL, HCM and HCH groups than in the HC group. HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly decreased in the HC and HCL groups compared to the normal and NE groups. However, the activities in the HCM and HCH group were similar to that of the normal group. The activity of acyl-CoA-cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) was increased in high cholesterol groups compared to the normal group. However, the activity was lower for all of the high cholesterol groups fed mulberry leaf extracts, and was lowest for the highest supplemented group (HCH), with no significantly difference from the normal group. In conclusion, the reduction in serum and hepatic lipid composition by mulberry leaf extract may be due to its modulation of HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT activities.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2002

In order to find potential anticancer agents, we extracted pheophytin in the silkworm feces from various larval stages by water, chloroform and methanol extraction. The cytotoxicity of the pheophytin extracts of various silkworm feces was measured in the CT-26 cells originated from murine metastatic colon cancer, by dye uptake assay. The cytotoxicity of those pheophytins in 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars was better than remaining larval stages. The in vitro anticoagulant and fibyinolytic activities of ethanol extract from varietal mulberry leaves, mulberry branches and silkworm feces and pheophytin extracts from silkworm feces obtained at various larval stages were evaluated in order to find effective therapeutic drugs for the treatment of myocardial and cerebral thrombosis. The fibrinolytic activity was tested using the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) was measured for blood clotting activity. With regards to the fibrinolytic system, ethanol extracts of silkworm feces were better than varietal mulberry leaves and mulberry branches. The pheophytin extracts from 7th days of 5th instar contained the highest percentage of pheophytin and good fibrinolytic activity.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2004

Trichoderma harzianum-THN1 parasitising the egg masses of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was isolated from galled mulberry roots and evaluated for its potential to control root knot disease. In pot experiments root galling was reduced and leaf yield increased significantly following soil treatment with T. harzianum-THN1. The extracts obtained from the soils inoculated with T. harzianum-THN1 drastically inhibited the hatching of nematode eggs and the effect was irreversible even after the eggs were transferred to fresh water. The fungus was equally effective in controlling the disease in nematode infested mulberry garden under field conditions which was significant over the most commonly used egg parasitic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus. The disease reduction recorded with T. harzianum was on par with the plants treated with the nematicide Carbofuran. The results suggest that T. harzianum- THN1 could be used as a potent ecofriendly biocontrol agent against M. incognita in mulberry without any residual toxicity to silkworms. T. harzianum- THN1 can form an important component of integrated disease management package in mulberry cultivation.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2012

오디 및 블루베리 추출물의 이화학적 특성을 살펴보았고 추출물을 이용하여 과립을 제조하였으며 다양한 품질특성을 분석하였다. 오디, 블루베리 추출물의 추출조건에 따른 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드함량은 물 추출물보다 50% 에탄올 추출물에서 높았으며 오디 추출물이 블루베리 추출물보다 높았다. 추출조건에 따른 총 안토시아닌함량은 오디 50% 에탄올 추출물이 470.91 mg/100 g으로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 전자공여능은 오디 추출물이 우수하였고 전반적으로 물 추출물보다는 50% 에탄올 추출물이 높았으며 ORAC값은 50% 에탄올 추출조건에서 오디, 블루베리 각각 335.37 ${\mu}moles\;TE/g$와 238.14 ${\mu}moles\;TE/g$로 분석되어 오디 추출물이 블루베리 추출물보다 항산화능이 우수함을 확인하였고 추출물의 superoxide radical 소거 활성은 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며 50% 에탄올 추출물이 물 추출물보다 높음을 알 수 있었다. 오디 추출물 과립의 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 4.83 mg/mL와 3.49 mg/mL로 분석되어 블루베리 과립보다 함량이 높았다. 안토시아닌 함량은 오디 과립이 76.26 mg/100 g이었고 블루베리 과립이 75.26 mg/100 g으로 유사하였다. 오디 및 블루베리 과립의 전자공여능은 오디가 45.09%로 블루베리 24.10%보다 우수하였으며 ORAC 값의 경우도 오디가 87.65 ${\mu}moles\;TE/g$였고 블루베리는 57.59 ${\mu}moles\;TE/g$값을 보여주어 오디의 항산화 활성이 우수함을 확인하였다. 오디 및 블루베리 과립은 저장기간에 따른 뚜렷한 색도의 변화가 관찰되지 않았으며 안토시아닌 함량도 미비하게 감소하여 과립의 주요 유용성분인 안토시아닌색소의 안정화에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1532-1536
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity of mulberry fruit extracts prepared by hot water (MFH) and 80% ethanol (MFE). Total polyphenolic contents of MFH and MFE were $195{\pm}3.4\;mg$ gallic acid equivalents/g MFH and $185{\pm}2.8\;mg$ gallic acid equivalents/g MFE. MFH and MFE significantly quenched 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide dose-dependently, and showed high chelating ability and reducing power in non-cellular systems. MFH and MFE also inhibited the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, and elevated intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, MFH and MFE also dose-dependently suppressed AChE activity.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2016

The influence of commonly used steeping times and temperatures about mulberry tea on a-glucosidase inhibitory activity were studied. The effects of product and preparation variables on the in-cup chemical composition of mulberry tea extracts is of interest because the appearance and taste characteristics and the possible health effects of a tea liquor arise from the chemical components extracted from the leaf during mulberry tea preparation. A comprehensive study was therefore undertaken to determine the contributions of product and provide a basic data for development of high quality mulberry tea products against diabetes. Specific eight mulberry tea were collected from each region of Korea (A-I) and when it was extracted on 85℃ for 2min, a-glucosidase activity was best for 98-102%. According to various temperature and time extraction methods, this study was carried out to optimize teamaking conditions for maximal DNJ extraction from Korean mulberry tea and and it would be of particular interest for people who drink mulberry tea to control blood glucose levels.