• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation diets of powdered mulberry leaves on egg production, egg quality and blood characteristics in laying hens. Laying hens were fed diets for 30 days containing 0% powdered mulberry leaves (Control), 1% powdered mulberry leaves (T1), 2% powdered mulberry leaves (T2), and 5% powdered mulberry leaves (T3). The egg production, yolk weight and albumen weight were no significant difference among treatment groups. The albumen weight was significantly decreased by the supplementation of powdered mulberry leaves in all treatment groups (P<0.05). The albumen high, yolk color score, egg sell thickness and egg shell breaking strength were no significant difference. The total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration of control was higher than T3, and the high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration and glucose of control were lower than treatment groups (P<0.05). The white blood cell (WBC) was significantly increased by the supplementation of powdered mulberry leaves compared to the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, these data indicate that 5% powdered mulberry leaves supplementation was most effective in decreasing total cholesterol and triglyceride and increasing HDL-cholesterol, glucose and WBC.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.705-713
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical properties of bread dough with added mulberry leaf powder. The crude protein, fiber and ash contents of the mulberry leaf powder were 21.25%, 7.70% and 9.27% respectively. The mulberry leaf-mixed powder showed low lightness and redness values and high yellowness. Farinograph water absorption increased as the mulberry leaf powder content increased. Both arrival and development times of the mulberry leaf powder-added dough were longer than those of wheat flour dough. As the mulberry leaf powder content increased, the degree of weakness increased. Maximum viscosity by amylograph analysis increased gradually with the addition of mulberry leaf powder, while gelatinization temperature was not affected. Degree of extension decreased as shown in extensograph analysis with increasing content of mulberry leaf powder.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2006

Various varieties of mulberry fruit and wines were investigated to determine their chemical properties and fermentation characteristics. Mulberry wines were manufactured with 'Cheongnosang', 'Cheonhyunosang', 'Deokcheonsang', 'Hwachosipmunja', 'Hwanyoupdaeyoup', 'Jasan', 'Mansaengbaeckpinosang', 'Palcheongsipyung', 'Sabangso' and 'Susungppong'. The factors for wine fermentation and quality such as soluble solids, polyphenol and organic acids were analyzed. The contents of soluble solid, reducing sugar and polyphenol, which were affected significantly by each other, were higher for 'Hwanyoupdaeyoup', 'Jasan' and 'Palcheongsipyung' mulberry than other varieties. Organic acids such as citric, malic, succinic and acetic acid were detected in the mulberry fruits. 'Palcheongsipyung' mulberry fruit had a higher content of souble solids $(14.6^{\circ}Brix)$ and polyphenol compounds (2.15 mg/ml). After fermentation, 'Palcheongsipyung' mulberry wine showed the lowest acetic acid in 3.23 mg/ml and the highest citric acid in 12.3 mg/ml. From these results, 'Palcheongsipyung' mulberry fruit was the most suitable for the fermentation of mulberry wine.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2004

The type of trichomes, their density and pattern of distribution on leaves of 16 genotypes of mulberry, belonging to both diploid and polyploid categories, were studied by scanning electron microscope. The present investigation was undertaken to find out the relationship of physical attributes, especially the density and trichome types with higher acceptability and better rearing performance by the silkworm Bombyx-mori L. Two types of trichomes glandular and non-glandular types were observed on both the leaf surfaces of all the mulberry genotypes studied. In general, greater densities of trichomes were observed on the abaxial surface than the adaxial surface of leaves in most of the genotypes. Distribution of glandular trichomes were more in abaxial surface and non-glandular trichomes were more in adaxial surface. Overall, distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes per unit area of leaf did not follow any regular pattern. When leaves of those genotypes were fed to silkworms, trichome density was found to be significantly negatively correlated with the survival of larvae i.e., effective rate of rearing, but trichome density did not influence the economic characters of rearing. As the distribution of glandular trichomes (GT) and non-glandular trichomes (NGT) did not follow any definite pattern, no relation could be established between the GT and NGT densities with silkworm rearing performance. However, the ratio of GT and NGT in a particular genotype influenced the rearing parameters, higher the ratios better the rearing performance. High GT and NGT ratio (＞1.00) was found positively significant when correlated with economic parameters viz., larval weight, single cocoon weight and single shell weight. The study is useful in screening different mulberry genotypes for their better acceptability to silk-worm and higher rearing performance at the early stage of selection without actually conducting the rearing.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.5 s.72
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• pp.834-839
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different mulberry cultivars extracts on serum lipid contents in ovariectomized estrogen-deficient rats. Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats (sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with $ 80\% $ ethyl alcohol extracts from various kinds of Tajikistan mulberry (OVX-TM), Korea mulberry (OVX-KM) and China mulberry (OVX-CM) at 200mg/kg bw/day, respectively. The mulberry extracts were orally administrated at 1mL per day. The body weights of OVX rats were significantly heavier than the sham-operated rats at all values (p <0.05). The ovariectomy caused an expected increasing in the levels of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride. The serum HDL-cholesterol level on the OVX-TM, OVX-KM and OVX-CM groups were higher than in the OVX-control group.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 1995

Effects of sulfur application on mulberry growth and soil chemical properties were examined in mulberry trees grown in a green house. Mulberry graftages were planted in Wagner pots and sulfur was applied at the levels of 0, 30, 60, or 120 kg/10a. Mulberry stem growth increased by 3.2 cm at 30 kg/ha than at 0 kg/ha sulfur application. Stem growth, however, decreased by 3.7 cm with the application of sulfur higher than at 60 kg/10a. Soil pH changed by the application of sulfur. With the application of sulfur at 120 kg/10a, soil pH decreased by 3.0. Temporal changes in the effective from sulfur content in soil indicated that sulfur dissolved between 4 to 10 days after application in the soil. Content of moisture and chemical components in mulberry leaves was also affected by the application levels of sulfur. Moisture, total-N, No3-N, K, and S content decreased, but F and Ca content increased with the application of sulfur lower than at 60 kg/10a. With the application of sulfur higher than at 60 kg/10a, P, S, and K content increased.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to study the efficiency of cyanobacterial biofertilizer (CBB) with chemical (NPK) fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of mulberry variety Kanva-2. Their influences on silkworm growth and cocoon characters were also studied. Ten different CBB and NPK fertilizer treatments were given to 5000 plants of established mulberry garden. Treatments were of four types viz., (i) T1 to T7: single and combination dose of CBB+50% NPK (ii) T8: combination dose of CBB + 25%NPK, (iii) T9: CBB only and (iv) T10: control-l00% NPK. Soil pH decreased and nutrients status increased in CBB (T1- T9) treated plots. Average of ten crops data on quantitative traits revealed that T7 (CBB [N. muscorum (1.0 g), A. variahilis (1.0) and S. millei (1.0 g)] + 50% NPK) was very effective in improving growth parameters. Leaf yield was also found high in treatment T7 (32.12 tons/ha/yr.) followed by T10 (31.17 tons/ha/yr.) and T8 (27.67 tons/ha/yr.). Leaf quality characters were found high in T7 and low in T9. Most of the quality traits in T7 are on par with control no. The results revealed that reduction in the dose of chemical fertilizers in T7 did not affect the leaf yield and leaf quality traits of mulberry. This clearly indicates that the efficiency of CBB (T7) provides nitrogen, increases essential nutrients available in soil, maintain soil pH and supply growth substances required for the improvement of leaf yield and leaf quality of mulberry. Bioassay study also revealed no significant difference in silkworm growth and cocoon characters between treatments T7 and T10. Economics calculated revealed that T7 is highly economical and beneficial over T10 by gaining an amount of Rs. 660/-/acre/crop. Thus, treatment T7 containing N. muscorum (1.0 g), A. variahilis (1.0 g) and S. millei (1.0 g) + 50% NPK fertilizers can be recommended to sericulturists mainly to reduce the use of NPK fertilizers, by saving 50% of its cost and to improve soil fertility conditions, which in turn improves leaf yield and quality of mulberry.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1983

The study was carried out to examine effect of cadmium spraying on mulberry leaves on the growth and metabolism of mulberry tree.The results obtained were as follow:1. Brown spot were appeared on the leaves as the symptoms of damage and the damage was remarkable with higher concentration of cadmium.2. Higher concentration of Cd inhibited the length and diameter of mulberry branches with a significant difference (P<0.05) for the length. The growth of branch length in both 5 and 7 ppm treatment of Cd was inhibited by 31% compared with the control. 3. Cadimum concentration of mulberry barks was noticeably lower than that of leaves. 4. Cadimum concentration over 3ppm inhibited significantly chlorophyll content, activitsies of respiration, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transase (GPT) and adenocine triphosphate (APT). 5. The lowest concentration of cadmium was identified to be 3ppm to incur the inhibitory effect on the growth and metabolism of mulberry and cadmium content of mulberry leaves at the concentration was 13.86ppm.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2015

Endophytes provide multifarious benefits such as promotion of plant growth and yield, suppression of phyto-pathogens, phosphate solubilising and fixation nitrogen. A study has been carried out to explore growth promotion and antifungal activities of endophytes of mulberry (Morus spp.). Endophytic bacteria were isolated from mulberry plants and studied their cultural, morphological characters, growth promotion as well as their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia bataticola and Fusarium oxysporum , two mulberry root rot associated pathogens. Except two isolates, all bacteria were colourless and the colony size of eight isolates was small. The margin of five isolates was irregular and the consistency of three isolates was creamy, six isolates was slimy and one was mucoid. Texture of seven isolates was convex and others were flat. Eight isolates were gram positive and the rest Gram negative, five were cocci and others were bacilli (rod shaped). Four isolates were motile and all were catalase positive and only three isolates were oxidase positive. Spore staining was positive only for two isolates. The growth promotion study showed that there was significant difference in root length and seedling length. The antagonistic effect of the bacterial isolates was tested against R. bataticola showed significant (p <0.05) influence of the bacteria, days after inoculation and their interaction on the inhibition of fungal growth. The isolate En-7 completely inhibited the fungus followed by En-5 (66.67%). The bacterial isolates significantly (p <0.05) inhibited growth of F. oxysporum in PDA. The mean inhibition was higher (70.45%) in case of En-7 followed by En-8 (68.65%) and En-10 (66.44%). The study reveals that some endophytic bacteria associated with mulberry have growth promotion and antifungal activity and could be explored for promotion of mulberry growth and managing root rot disease.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.437-449
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of Dangmyon(starch vermicelli) prepared with mulberry leaves powder. Mulberry leaves powder was added in ratios (w/w) of 0% (CON), 0.5% (MD1), 1.0% (MD2), 1.5% (MD3). and 2.0%(MD4), and then proximate compositions, physicochemical properties, RVA, SEM, texture and sensory evaluations of the Dangmyon were measured. MD1~MD4 samples showed higher contents of moisture, crude lipid, crude protein and crude ash as well as pH compared to control (p<0.001). In terms of color, lightness (L), yellowness (b), and redness (a) decreased as the mulberry leaves powder increased. The results of RVA properties analysis on all samples showed that control had the highest. With regard to the texture of Dangmyon samples, the scores of hardness, adhesiceness, gumminess, chewiness, resilience of CON was significantly higher than the samples MD1~MD4 (p<0.001), but the scores of springiness, cohesiveness was not significantly among samples. The result of observation on the cross section of Dangmyon added with mulberry leaves powder showed that number, size of cavity more increase compared to the control. In sensory evaluation, the scores of appearance, flavor, taste and overall preference for MD3 were significantly higher than the samples (CON, MD1, MD2, and MD4). From the findings, this study suggests that 1.5% addition of mulberry leaves powder was effective for preparation of Dangmyon in the aspects of the consumer acceptability.