• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 1995

Molecular cloning and restriction mapping on ATPase $\alpha$-subunit gene (atpA) were carried out to obtain genomic information concerned with the gene structure and organization in Korean ginseng mitochondria. Two different clones containing the homologous sequence of atpA gene were selected from SalI and PstI libraries of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Korean ginseng. The sizes of mtDNA fragments inserted in SalI and PstI clones were 3.4 kb and 13 kb, respectively. Southern blot analysis with [$^{32}P$] labelled Oenothera atPA gene probe showed that atpA gene sequence was located in 2.0 kb XkaI fragment in PstI clone and in 1.7 kb XbaI fragment in SalI clone. A partial sequening ascertained that the SalI clone included about 1.2 kb fragment from SalI restriction site to C-terminal sequence of this gene but about 0.3 kb N-terminal sequence of open reading frame was abscent. The PstI fragment was enough large to cover the full sequence of atpA gene. The same restriction pattern of the overlapped region suggests that both clones include the same fragment of atiA locus. Data of Southern blot analysis and partial nucleotide sequencing suggested that mtDNA of Korean ginseng has a single copy of atpA gene. Key words ATPase a-subunit, mitochondrial DNA, Panax ginseng.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2000

Fourteen different taxa of dictyostelid cellular slime molds were recovered from the alpine and subalpine zone in Mt. Paektu. In subalpine zone, six species were recovered : Dictyostelium minutum, D. brefeldianum, D. crassicaule, D. capitatum, Polysphondylium solitarium and P. pallidum. One of these species which were isolated from the soils of Larix olgensis community exhibited several distinctive features which differed from the published species. This species was designated as a new species, Polysphondylium solitarium Kang et Chang, sp. nov. When cultivated at 22~24$^{\circ}C$ on low-nutrient agar media with Escherichia coli, Polysphondylium solitarium is distinguishable from other species by the following combination of features: (ⅰ) the sorocarps with vinaceous pigmentation; (ⅱ) pseudoplasmodia radial. usually centralized and rarely subdivided; (ⅲ) the various number of whorls; (ⅳ) the spores with unconsolidated and nonconspicuous polar granules. Also, we confirmed this new species by analyzing ribosomal DNA (ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8s DNA) sequences of P. solitarium and P. violaceum.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 1996

The taxonomic validity of morphological group III Accnthamoeba app. is uncertain. In the present study. six type strains of group III Aconthamoeba spry. , A. culbertsoni, A. heniyi, A. pustulosc, A. palestinensis, A. royrebn and A. lenticulnto were subjected for the evaluation or their taxonomic validity by comparison of the isoeneyme patterns by isoelectic focusing on polyacrylamide gels, mitochondrial DNA (Mt DNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) . and small subunit ribosomal DNA (ssu rDNA) PCR-RFLP patterns. The Mt DNA RFLP patterns were heterogeneous between the species. The type strains of A. pclestinensls and A. pustulosc showed almost identical patterns of isoenrymes and rDNA PCR-RFLP with an estimated sequence divergence of 2.6%. The other species showed heterogeneous patterns of isoenxymes and rDNA PCR- RFLP. It is likely that A. pustuLosc is closely related with A. palestinensis and that the former may be regarded as a junior synonym of the latter.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2012

Genetic variation was surveyed at four microsatellite loci and 1416 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) to clarify the genetic structure of the small yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis, in the Yellow and East China Seas, especially regarding four provisional populations, (one Korean and three Chinese populations). Based on microsatellite DNA variations, the estimated expected heterozygosity ($H_E$) in each population ranged from 0.776 to 0.947. The microsatellite pairwise $F_{ST}$ estimates showed no significant genetic differentiation between the populations. MtDNA variations also indicated no genetic structure in L. polyactis, but very high variability. The absence of genetic differentiation among and within populations of L. polyactis may either result from the random migration of the adult or the passive dispersal of the eggs and larvae.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop rapid methods for distinguishing between Heterodera schachtii and H. glycines detected from chinese cabbage fields of highland in Gangwon, Korea. To do this, we performed PCR-RFLP and PCR with the primers set developed in this study for GC147, GC408 and PM001 population, H. schachtii, and YS224, DA142 and BC115 population, H. glycines. Eight restriction enzymes generated RFLP profiles of mtDNA COI region for populations of H. schachtii and H. glycines, repectively. As a result, treatment of two restriction enzymes, RsaI and HinfI, were allowed to distinguish H. schachtii from H. glycines based on the differences of DNA band patterns. The primer set, #JBS1, #JBG1 and #JB3R, amplified specific fragments with 277 and 339 bp of H. schachtii, 339 bp of H. glycines, respectively, while it did not amplify fragments from three root-knot nematodes and two root-lesion nematodes. Thus, the primer set developed in this study could be a good method, which is used to distinguish between H. schachtii and H. glycines.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2013

The use of Korean native chicken is increasing, and the discovery of new genetic resources is very important from both economic and genetic conservation points of view. In this study, mtDNA D-loop sequences from 272 privately-owned Korean native chickens from a Hyunin farm were investigated. Seventeen nucleotide substitutions were identified from the sequence analysis and they were classified as 6 haplotypes. Previously investigated haplotypes in five Korean native chicken populations have been compared with the Hyunin chicken population. The results indicated that two haplotypes, H10 and H15, in the Hyunin chicken population were not previously identified in other Korean native chicken populations, representing 33.09% (90/272) and 1.1% (3/272) of the Hyunin population, respectively. On the other hand, four other haplotypes were identical to those of a previous study of Korean native chicken populations. This result is indicative of conservation strategies of Hyunin chicken populations for expanding the genetic diversity in the Korean native chicken population.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1085-1090
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• 2009

There are currently five primary breeds of Chinese gamecock, the Henan, Luxi, Tulufan, Xishuangbanna andZhangzhou. Though there is historical evidence of cockfighting in China dating as far back as 2,800 years, the origin and genetic relationships of these breeds are not well understood. We used sequence variation from the mtDNA cytb gene and control region (1,697 bp) to examine the domestication history and genetic relationship of the Chinese gamecock. From 75 samples (14-16 per breed) we found 34 haplotypes, and 45 variable nucleotides. Phylogenetic reconstruction indicated multiple origins of the gamecock breeds. The breeds in the north and center of China, Tulufan, Luxi and Henan, clustered together in a haplogroup and may have the same ancestor. However the southern breeds, Zhangzhou and Xishuangbanna clustered into two isolated haplogroups, suggesting another two origins of Chinese gamecock. Meanwhile, extensive admixture was also found because samples from different breeds, more or less, were always grouped together in the same clades. Based on these results, we discuss the possibilities of multiple origins of gamecock breeds, from both ancestral gamecocks as well as other domestic chickens and red jungle fowl.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.169-172
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• 2008

Sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b gene (1,140 bp) and control region (803 bp) of Siberian flying squirrels from Korea (Pteromys volans aluco) and Mt. Changbai of northeast China (P. v. arsenjevi) were obtained to reexamine the taxonomic status of the Korean subspecies. In the cytochrome b gene, six haplotypes of P. v. aluco formed a clade with six haplotypes of P. v. arsenjevi, and in control region, seven haplotypes of P. v. aluco formed a clade with six haplotypes of P. v. arsenjevi. Furthermore, six haplotypes of cytochrome b gene of P. v. aluco from this study formed a clade with four haplotypes of P. v. arsenjevi in far-east Russia obtained from GenBank. We also investigated the research papers previously published that reported the length of tail vertebrae of P. volans, and found that the length was not sufficiently large as to be a key character of P. v. aluco. This result is not consistent with morphological description for its haplotype. Therefore, we conclude that P. v. aluco from Korea might possibly be a synonym of P. v. arsenjevi from northeast China and nearby Russia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.253-262
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• 2023

To identify sand crab Ovalipes punctatus populations and establish management units for each population, mtDNA COI regions were analyzed. As a result, the clade of O. punctatus in Korea were separated by two with a genetic distance of 0.17-2.08%, and there was no significant difference in the result of pairwise FST values representing genetic differentiation by sampling areas (p > 0.05). Also, no geographical separation found in the distribution of haplotypes and the results of the haplotype network. This result suggests that O. punctatus larvae were dispersed for a long time by the ocean current by suffering meroplanktonic period for 1 month, and increased the gene flow due to the development of the swimming legs for the increase in mobility. Therefore, in the results of mtDNA COI region analysis of O. punctatus in the East Sea, Yellow Sea, South Sea and East China Sea (Ieodo) of Korea, no clear intra-species differentiation was found.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.362-367
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• 2005

The human mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) has been an important tool in the field of forensic investigations. Within the entire mtDNA molecule, the non-coding control region which is approximately 1,100 bp including hypervariable region I and II (HV1 and HV2) is widely studied because it is highly polymorphic and useful for human identification purposes. In this study, 360 unrelated Koreans were analyzed in HV1. The number of polymorphic sites and genetic lineage were 124 and 210, respectively. The most prevalent substitution was C-T and 75.8% of DNA showed C-T substitution at 16223. There were 20 kinds of polymorphism between 16180 and 16193 including insertion and deletion. The most frequent haplotype was [16223T, 16362C] representing 5%. Approximately 25.9% of DNA showed the same haplotype in at least two samples. The gene diversity was calculated to 0.996 and the probability of two unrelated perosons having the same haplotype was determined to 0.7%.