• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.186-201
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• 2001

Purpose ; In order to study the effect of Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture on growth of melanoma B 16 and immunity in mice, the Control group with normal saline acupunchure after subcutaneous inoculation of B16BL6 cells, the Sample I with Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture manufactured by distilled water extraction method after subcutaneous inoculation of B16BL6 cells and the Sample II with Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture manufactured by alcohol extraction method after subcutaneous inoculation of B16BL6 cells were divided. Methods ; To evauluate the effect of Houttuynias herbal acupuncture on growth of melanoma B16 in mice, the weight of mouse melanoma, body weight, spleen index( $\sqrt(Weight of spleen/Body weight){\times}100$), lymphocytes numbers in mouse peripheral blood and spleen tissue, the percentage of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in mouse peripheral blood and spleen tissue are measured. Results ; In study of the weight of mouse melanoma, Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture groups(Sample I, Sample II) showed statistically significant inhibitory effect. And in study of effect of reduction of change in body weight of mouse, Sample I showed statistically significant inhibitory effect, too. In study of reduction of spleen index, lymphocytes numbers in mouse spleen tissue, and the percentage of CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in mouse peripheral blood, Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture groups(Sample I, Sample II ) showed with statistically significant inhibitory effect. Also, Sample I showed inhibitory effect of reduction of the percentage of CD8+ T cells in mouse peripheral blood and spleen tissue and Sample II showed inhibitory effect of reduction of the percentage of CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in mouse spleen tissue with statistical significance. Conclusions ; The inhibitory effect of reduction of lymphocytes numbers in mouse peripheral blood and IL-2 productivity, Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture groups(Sample I, Sample II) didn't show significant effect.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2006

Objectives : Acupuncture has been widely used in oriental medicine. The aim of this research is to study how does the interaction between reinforcement-reduction by twirling nine and six and subject's cold or heat tendency effect on Heart Rate Variability. Methods : We divided our subjects into 3 groups at random and classified subjects by their cold or heat tendency using questionnaire for cold-heat patternization. Group 1 is acupuncture at shinmun(HT7) reinforcement group, 2 is acupuncture at shinmun(HT7) reduction group, 3 in acupuncture at hapkok(LI4) group. According to their group, we acupunctured. Before and after acupuncture Heart Rate Variability raw data were measured during 5 minutes. LF, HF, LF norm HF norm were calculated. We analyzed these data using 3-way repeated ANOVA, Paired student T-Test. Results : 3-way repeated ANOVA showed significant interaction among LF, each group and subject's cold heat tendency(p<0.05). Paired student T-Test showed significant differences between before and after acupuncture at shinmun(HT7) reinforcement method in cold tendency men and acupuncture at shinmun(HT7) reduction method in heat tendency men(p<0.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that acupuncture at Shinmun(HT7) has an effect on declining sympathetic nerve function and has an effect on stabilizing mind through Interaction between reinforcement-reduction by twirling nine and six and subject's cold or heat tendency. We propose that more prudent care is needed about subject's cold or heat tendency and acupuncture technique of reinforcement-reduction to achieve the most suitable treatment effect.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2012

Objectives: Rehmannia glutinosa pharmacopuncture solution (RGPS) was investigated to determine both its anti-allergic inflammatory effects on mast cells and its detailed mechanism of actions. Methods: We investigated whether RGPS suppress cytokines, enzymes, $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ expression and $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$-mediated signaling in RBL-2H3 cells stimulated with anti-DNP IgE/DNP-HSA. The suppressive effects of RGPS on the levels of cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and GM-CSF were measured using emzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression levels of cytokines, enzymes (HDC2, COX-1, COX-2 and 5LO) and $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}{\beta}{\gamma}$ subunits were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The activation of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$-mediated signaling was examined using Western blot analyses. Results: RGPS suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and GM-CSF) in stimulated RBL-2H3 cells significantly (p < 0.05). RGPS also suppressed mRNA expression of inflammatory enzymes (HDC2, COX-1, COX-2, 5LO). In addition, mRNA expression levels of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI{\alpha}$, $Fc{\varepsilon}RI{\beta}$and $Fc{\varepsilon}RI{\gamma}$ were lowered by treatment with RGPS. Finally, RGPS prevented phosphrylation of Lyn, Syk, LAT, Gab2, PLC ${\gamma}1/2$, PI3K, Akt, cPLA2 and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$. Conclusions: RGPS effectively suppresses mast cell activations such as degranulation and inflammatory response via down-regulation of the $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$-mediated signaling pathways in IgE/Ag-stimulated mast cells.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.98-111
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• 2003

Objective : This study was designed to analyze the effects of bee venom and melittin on cell death in neuroblastoma cell line. Methods : MTT assay, morphologic method, DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry analysis, RT-PCR and Western blot were performed. Results : The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. The MTT assay demonstrated that neuroblastoma cell viability was significantly inhibitted dose-dependently by treatment with bee venom and melittin in comparison with control. 2. Cell culture demonstrated that control group proliferated highestly at he 5th day in comparison with the 4th day in bee venom and melittin group. And in bee venom and melitti group cell proliferation decreased 2.5 times than control group. 3. The morphologic study demonstrated that neuroblastoma cell showed apoptosis after treatment with bee venom and melittin for 6 hours using microscope. 4. The Flow cytometry demonstrated that apoptosis of neuroblastoma cell treated with bee venom and melittin was related with stop of cell cycle in stage of $G_0/G_1$. 5 .DNA fragmenation demonstrated that neuroblastoma cell treated with bee venom and melittin showed DNA ladder below 1 Kbp. 6. Immunocytochemistry assay demonstrated that Fos and MAPK which are related with cancer were down-regulated by treatment with bee venom and melittin. 7. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that Fos and MAPK mRNA were transcripted. Fos was down-regulated form treatment with $5{\mu}g/ml$ bee venom and MAPK was down-regulated form $1{\mu}g/ml$ bee venom. 8. Western blot demonstrated that Fos was down-regulated from $1{\mu}g/ml$ bee venom whereas MAPK was expressed by $1{\mu}g/ml$ bee venom but down-regulated by $10{\mu}g/ml$ bee venom. Conclusions : We found that some cancer related genes ware down-regulated by treatment with bee venom and melittin. Further study is needed for investigating the anti-cancer effect of bee venom and melittin.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2006

Background : Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in most of the tissue matrix, taking part in their regeneration when injury or damage occurs. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of cells with pluripotential characteristics in human subchondral bone and the capacity of these cells to differentiate to osteoblast. Methods : Human subchondral bone were digested with collagenase. Isolated cells were cultured with a-MEM, 15% FBS, 10-8M dexamethasone and 50 ng/mL ascoric acid. Cells from 0 day(isolated cells), 7 day (first subculture) and 14 days (third subculture) were used to carry out phenotypic characterization experiments flowcytometry analysis with 11 monoclonal antibodies) and osteogenic differentiation experiments. Osteogenic differentiation of cells was assessment by quantification of bone extracellular matrix components by following analysis: alkaline phosphatase(ALP) stains to detect ALP activity, RT-PCR and western blot to detect osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and type I collagen(Col I), and Alizarin red stains to detect calcium deposition. Results : Flowcytometry analyses showed that in our population more than 98% of cells were positive for MSC markers: SH-2(CD105, 99%), CD29 (95%), CD73 (95%). Cells were negative for hematopoietic markers (CD11b, CD34, and CD45). Furthermore, cells showed positive stain to multipotent markers such as CDl17 (c-kit) (15.1%), and CD166 (74.9%), and cell adhesion molecules such as CD54 (78.1%) and CD106 (63.5%). The osteogenic specific marker analyses showed that the culture of these cells for 7 and 14 days stimulates ALP, OCN, OPN and Col I synthesis by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Also, after 14 days in the culture of MSCs induces mineralization by Arizarin red stain. Conclusion : In this work, we demonstrated a new and efficient method for osteoblastic differentiation of human subchondral bone stem cells. As MSCs takes part in reparative processes of adult tissues, these cells could play an important role in osteogenesis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2001

Objective : To localize and compare the cerebral regions- activated by the the stimulation of traditional and burning acupunctures in right Hap-Kok (LI4) acupoints. Methods : Thirty-four healthy normal volunteers (19 males, 15 females, age 31${\pm}$11 years) were studies by rest/acupuncture Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT using same-dose sequential injection method using right Hap-Kok(LI4), traditional and burning acupunctures. All images were spatially normalized and the differences between rest and acupuncture activation state were statistically analyzed using SPM 96. Results : Statistical analysis of the effect by the stimulation using traditional acupuncture in right L14 showed regional cerebral perfusion increase in right inferior frontal lobe, right straight gyrus, left anterolateral frontal lobe, left anteroinferior temporal lobe, left posterior temporal lobe, and left cerebellum. In the stimulation using burning acupuncture in right LI4, regional cerebral perfusion increased in right posterior prefrontal lobe, right precental gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, right poteroinferior temporal lobe, left precentral gyrus, left Broca's area, left anterior parietal lobe, left posterior prefrontal lobe, and left cerebellum. In right LA, diffuse perfusion increase were noted in the both inferior frontal lobe by traditional acupuncture compared to burning acupuncture. Conclusion : The results localized the cerebral areas showed the effect of the acupuncture on cerebral blood flow. The effects of traditional and burning acupunctures on cerebral blood flow were similar in right Hap-Kok (LI4) acupoints. But the effects of traditional acupunctures on cerebral blood flow are stronger than those of burning acupunctures on cerebral blood flow.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.128-128
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• 2023

Objectives: This research aimed to develop a guideline for evaluating safety and performance of electronic warm-acupuncture apparatus. With the development of medical devices like electronic warm-acupuncture apparatus with improved performance, convenience and safety measures compared to traditional warm-acupuncture needling, safety and performance guideline is a necessity. Methods: By referring to existing standards and guidelines of other electronic devices for Korean medicine with heating function, guideline for safety and performance assessment of electronic warm-acupuncture apparatus was drafted Results: The guideline, presents explanation for adequate temperature and settings of the apparatus, and safety measurements providing against thermal runaway situations along with guidelines for the manual. Guideline for detailed test method for the performance of the apparatus such as accuracy of temperature increase and the timer, and safety unit was also provided. The test items and suggested test methods for the requirements of biological, electrical and electromagnetic safety were referred to Korean approval documents of ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Conclusion: We proposed the relevant items to verify performance and safety of warm-acupuncture apparatus to assure patient safety and improve the quality of currently developing devices for application in clinical field.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.447-464
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• 1996

Hyperemesis gravidarum is one of the most common symptom in the early pregnancy and if it cause severe malnutrition by means of heavy vomiting as a basic sign of disease of pregnant syndrome, appropriate treatments are necessary. In the clinics the methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum include herb-medication usually. But herb-medication therapy is rather difficult because during pregnancy it may cause vomiting by the smell and taste of herbs. So the author investigated the literatures referred to the external treatments of hyperemesis gravidarum excluding herb-medication and the results obtained here were as follows. 1. The external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum are various and include moxibustion, the method of applying drug at the umbilicus, ear-acupuncture method, pressure massage therapy, naso-spray method, acupoint injection, intervenous injection 2. Among the external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum , the method of applying drug at the umbilicus is most variable and almost all prescriptions use Zingiber officinalis Rose, characteristically. 3. Ear-pressure massage method to treat the hyperemesis gravidarum uses the car-acupoints of Gan, We, Shin-mun, Gyo-gam. 4. Among the external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum , moxibustion, pressure massage, and acupoint injection select frequently Nae-gwan(PC6), Chok-samni(ST36) and Chung-wan(CV12). 5. In the both the internal and external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum one have to differentiate syndromes in the viewpoint of oriental medicine and treat with the principls of treatment and prescriptions which are fit to each differentiation model under the principle of regulating the stomach and relieving vomiting.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2019

Objectives : Although the tonification and sedation method such as mountain-burning fire method and heaven-penetrating cooling method, is one of the important techniques that have been claimed to increase the effect of acupuncture, research on this has been sparse. The aim of this study is to provide an understanding of tonification and sedation methods in the "Yeongsochimgugyeong". Methods : We analyzed the similarities and differences by comparing the contents of the tonification and sedation method described in books "Yeongsochimgugyeon" and "Complete Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion" Results : A total of 28 out of the 33 tonification and sedation methods described in "Yeongsochimgugyeon" were compared with those in "Complete Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion". As a result, we found that many of the tonification and sedation methods recorded in "Yeongsochimgugyeon" were based on more detailed and specific clinical cases. Conclusions : The tonification and sedation methods in "Yeongsochimgugyeon" were not only descriptive and consistent in describing that methods, but also contains valuable information for clinical use. In the future, based on this research, we will be able to clinically implement these tonification and sedation methods and quantitatively evaluate them.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제32권5_6호
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• pp.737-746
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• 2014

Treatment method refers to a principle or method for treating diseases in Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM). As doctors determine the ideal treatment for a patient's disease or symptom, they are also able to prescribe effective treatment means for the diseases or symptom such as medicinal materials, prescription, acupuncture and moxibustion. Therefore, if significant symptom-treatment method combinations are found from literature or database, proper treatment means for the patient's diseases or symptom may be presented to TKM doctors and enhanced treatment accuracy and efficiency can be expected. This study aims to analyze the relation between symptom and treatment method by interpreting hypotheses through null hypotheses to find significant symptom-treatment method combinations. This combinations suggested in this study will be compared with TKM experts analysis result to find an objective analysis method and eventually apply the method to medical big data, e.g., a huge amount of literature or treatment records.