• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.4C
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• pp.341-350
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• 2006

The sand table training is one of the most effective training method in military operations which can accomplish missions such as simulation and rehearsal without limitations related to time, space, money and so on. Previous sand table training has many problems like that the sand table cannot represent real field condition because of its physical properties. So, it is hard to be preserved and impossible to include much of information into them. In this paper, we make an approach based on Augmented Reality(AR) to solve these problems and propose an efficient military training briefing tool with virtual sand table environment described as actual battle field Virtual Tactical Map(VTM) can realize a virtual military training with simple action like moving marker or tangible interface by hand. Real-time state information of VTM gives us more organic intelligence for entire situation. Tangible AR interface provides users with a contents authoring tool that is natural, intuitive and easy to deal with as interaction between user in real world and system that augmented real world with virtual object. VTM is a newly designed military training briefing tools. A military training content can be reproduced and it is possible that user uses this content later. Thus, it shows us potential possibilities of AR applications on military leaning field.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.87-112
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• 2017

Overlap what images are laid on top of each other performs various purposes of artistic expressions. Especially, overlap to describe motion has been placed on lots of art fields analysing and connecting each part of motion. This kind of overlap is called as 'Locomotive overlap' and it is defined as 'Technique for multiplication to arrange simultaneously motions of single object on one screen'. Locomotive overlap was started from fine art and photography, so this static kind of it is classified as 'Static locomotive overlap'. Afterwards, film and animation succeeded static locomotion overlap and realized real dynamic locomotive overlap with moving images, so this dynamic kind of it is classified as 'Dynamic locomotive overlap'. Most of all, by Norman McLaren accomplished its own artistic value and aesthetics in locomotive overlap has been placed in the center of the history of locomotive overlap, so to analyze this work and to research before and after it will confirm context and artistic achievements of locomotive overlap. Nowdays locomotive overlap is extending its technology and dimension more and more on the strength of development of digital technology. Some of works using digital technology show new possibilities of locomotive overlap by reinterpreting original media and concept of . Ultimately, this research for locomotive overlap focusing on the analysis of confirms artistic achievements of locomotive overlap and suggests to contemplate the meaning and new possibilities of it.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.420-436
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• 2007

The choice of an effective indexing method is crucial to guarantee the performance of the spatial join operator which is heavily used in geographical information systems. The $R^*$-tree based method is renowned as one of the most representative indexing methods. In this paper, we propose an efficient spatial join technique based on the DOT(Double Transformation) index, and compare it with the spatial Join technique based on the $R^*$-tree index. The DOT index transforms the MBR of an spatial object into a single numeric value using a space filling curve, and builds the $B^+$-tree from a set of numeric values transformed as such. The DOT index is possible to be employed as a primary index for spatial objects. The proposed spatial join technique exploits the regularities in the moving patterns of space filling curves to divide a query region into a set of maximal sub-regions within which space filling curves traverse without interruption. Such division reduces the number of spatial transformations required to perform the spatial join and thus improves the performance of join processing. The experiments with the data sets of various distributions and sizes revealed that the proposed join technique is up to three times faster than the spatial join method based on the $R^*$-tree index.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 1995

This study was conducted with the subject of showing the importance of early rehabilitation and exercise therapy in patients who have stroke, of confirming the adavntage of ward exercise conducted by nurse, which had been conducted mainly by physical therapist only in physical thrapy room and of developing the exercise program as the independent rehabilitation nursing intervention. A total of 62 patients were selected as object from April, 5th, to May, 17th, 1995, who had been hospitalized in K medical center, and the half of them were assigned to Experimental group in ramdom assignment using a coin. It was ADL check list tool developed by Kang and Ward Exercise Program developed by the researcher that were used as a treatment. Ward Exercise Program was conducted by the reseacher and the physical therapist measured ADL score before and after Ward Exercise Program. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, pearson correlation, Chi-Square test and the effect of Ward Exercise Program was analyzed by t-tast. The result of this study is as follows. 1. The experimental group showed eminent improvement of ADL compared with the counter group with statistical significance. In eating(t=6.10, df=60, p=.000), personal hygiene performing(t=4.86, df=60, p=.000), wearing(t=5.86, df=60, p=.000), elimination(t=7.89, df=60, p=.000), mobility on the bed(t=13.36, df=60, p=.000), moving(t=9.11, df=60, p=.000), walking(t=7.45, df=60, p=.000) 2. There was no qualitative difference between experimental group and control group with the significance of $p{\le}.05$. 3. There was no relation between the general condition and the difference of ADL, while there was significant relation between the starting point of exercise and the difference of pre-exercise and post exercise ADL. As a result, it should be emphasized that the early rehabilitation and exercise therapy are important in patients who have stroke, and that it is necessary to extend the exercise therapy to the ward. Therefore, this Ward Exercise Program could be recommended as a independent clinical exercise nursing intervention in rehabilitation nursing of patients who have stroke.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

The purpose of this study were to evaluate and compare the balance ability at different conditions in normal 20 to 29 years old on unstable platform, KAT 2000(Breg, Inc., Vista, CA. 1994). Static and dynamic BI(balance index) were measured 3psi and 5psi surface conditions. Static tests were done on right and left leg separately, then both legs together with the feet apart 20cm with the eyes opened and closed. Dynamic tests were done on both legs together with apart 20cm with the eyes opened. A dynamic test was performed in which the subject moved platform in a circular manner to chase a moving object on a computer screen. Seventy healthy students(average 21.6 years, male, female) were tested. In this study applied the paired t-test and correlation to determine the statistical significance of result. The results were as follow: 1) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was $119.9{\pm}75.72$ on 3psi surface condition with the eyes opened, and that of the Lt leg was $224.3{\pm}121.16$. 2) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was $93.1{\pm}24.16$ on 5psi surface condition with the eyes opened, and that of the Lt leg was $180.5{\pm}61.76$. 3) The mean static and dynamic balance index of both legs were $76.4{\pm}31.86$, $2187.6{\pm}696.99$ on 3psi with the eyes opened, and $68.3{\pm}14.82$, $1938.7{\pm}525.41$ on 5psi respectively. 4) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was $517.8{\pm}220.87$ on 3psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the Lt leg was $588.6{\pm}204.81$. 5) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was $271.9{\pm}192.151$ on 5psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the Lt leg was $363.4{\pm}98.97$. 6) The mean static balance index of both legs was $332.6{\pm}137.31$ on 3psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the 5psi was $288.5{\pm}133.07$. 7) The balance index on 3psi surface condition was significantly higher than that of 5psi (p<0.05, p<0.01). 8) The balance index with the eyes closed was significantly higher than that of the eyes opened (p<0.05). 9) The balance index on the left leg was significantly higher than that of the right leg (p<0.05, p<0.01). 10) There was no correlation between static balance index and dynamic balance index. 11) Therewas no correlation between weight or height and balance index.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.105-114
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• 2011

The roadmap-based planning is a path planning method which is used widely for a goal-directed movement in Robotics and has been applied to the world of computer animation such as computer games. However it is unnatural for computer characters to follow the path planned by the roadmap method as it is performed in Robotics. Flocking which is used for realistic and natural movements in computer animation enables character's movement by using a few simple rules without planning unlike the roadmap method. However it is impossible to achieve a goal-directed movement with flocking only because it does not keep states. In this paper we propose a simulation method which combines planning based on the road map with reactive actions for natural movements along the path planned. We define and implement steering behaviors for a leader which are needed to follow the trajectory naturally by analysing characteristics of roadmap-based paths and for the rest of members which follow the leader in various manners by detecting obstacles. The simulations are performed and demonstrated by using the implemented steering behaviors on every possible combination of roadmap-based path planning methods and models of configuration spaces. We also show that the detection of obstacle-collisions can be done effectively because paths are planned in the configuration space in which a moving object is reduced to a point.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2017

In this paper, we has proposed an automatic vehicle monitoring system based on computer vision technology. The real-time display system has displayed a system that can be performed in automatic monitoring and control while meeting the essential requirements of ITS. Another advantage has that for a powerful vehicle tracking, the main obstacle handing system, which has the shadow tracking of moving objects. In order to obtain all kinds of information from the tracked vehicle image, the vehicle must be clearly displayed on the surveillance screen. Over time, it's necessary to precisely control the vehicle, and a three-dimensional model-based approach has been also necessary. In general, each type of vehicle has represented by the skeleton of the object or wire frame model, and the trajectory of the vehicle can be measured with high precision in a 3D-based manner even if the system has not running in real time. In this paper, we has applied on segmentation method to vehicle, background, and shadow. The validity of the low level vehicle control tracker was also detected through speed tracking of the speeding car. In conclusion, we intended to improve the improved tracking method in the tracking control system and to develop the highway monitoring and control system.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2009

The present study have investigated the effect of the characteristics of stereoscopic images and viewing environment on visual fatigue. We manipulated the speed of stereo images with motion-in-depth and viewing distance, which were used as representative variables of the characteristics of stereo image and viewing environment, respectively. Visual fatigue was evaluated with use of a subjective questionnaire which is consisting of 5 different and independent factors: "Eye pain", "Visual stress," "Nauseousness", "Body stiffness", and "Blurriness". In general, when viewing time increased from 10 minutes to 20 and 40 minutes, observers felt severe visual fatigue. Among other factors, only the factor score of "Nauseousness" was significantly increased as the speed of object moving in depth became faster. When viewing distance was increased, the score of "Blurriness" was decreased. These results suggest that different kind of the visual fatigue might be induced depending on characteristics of the stereo images and viewing environment.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.664-674
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• 2004

The trajectory preservation property that stores only one trajectory in a leaf node is the most important feature of an index structure, such as the TB-tree for retrieving object's moving paths in the spatio-temporal space. It performs well in trajectory-related queries such as navigational queries and combined queries. But, the MBR of non-leaf nodes in the TB-tree have large amounts of dead space because trajectory preservation is achieved at the sacrifice of the spatial locality of trajectories. As dead space increases, the overlap between nodes also increases, and, thus, the classical range query cost increases. We present a new split policy and entry relocation policies, which have no deterioration of the performance for trajectory-related queries, for improving the performance of range queries. To maximally reduce the dead space of a non-leaf node's MBR, the Maximal Area Reduction (MAR) policy is used as a split policy for non-leaf nodes. The entry relocation policy induces entries in non-leaf nodes to exchange each other for the purpose of reducing dead spaces in these nodes. We propose two algorithms for the entry relocation policy, and evaluate the performance studies of new algorithms comparing to the TB-tree under a varying set of spatio-temporal queries.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2021

This paper has proposed an algorithm that detecting for dense small vehicle in large image efficiently. It is consisted of two Ensemble Deep-Learning Network algorithms based on Coarse to Fine method. The system can detect vehicle exactly on selected sub image. In the Coarse step, it can make Voting Space using the result of various Deep-Learning Network individually. To select sub-region, it makes Voting Map by to combine each Voting Space. In the Fine step, the sub-region selected in the Coarse step is transferred to final Deep-Learning Network. The sub-region can be defined by using dynamic windows. In this paper, pre-defined mapping table has used to define dynamic windows for perspective road image. Identity judgment of vehicle moving on each sub-region is determined by closest center point of bottom of the detected vehicle's box information. And it is tracked by vehicle's box information on the continuous images. The proposed algorithm has evaluated for performance of detection and cost in real time using day and night images captured by CCTV on the road.