• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.333-338
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• 2018

The mouth guard is a device with elasticity to be installed in the oral cavity. It has a function to reduce the trauma in the oral cavity and to protect the teeth and surrounding tissues from trauma. The purpose of mouth guard is to prevent trauma and concussion. It is mandatory to wear a mouthguard in sports where there is a lot of contact and the possibility of trauma or concussion in the mouth area is high. The mouse guard is divided into a stock type, a mouth formed type, and a custom made type according to the manufacturing method. The custom made type is made on the individual dentition model and has excellent retention because of its excellent fit. Also, the effect of trauma prevention is excellent. It is possible to design and adjust by the dentist and reduce the complaint the athlete has about the mouthguard. In this article, the process of making a dentist-customized mouthguard was described.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.654-658
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• 1972

The toplications of 50% nicotin paste in oral mucous membrane of male mice weigh-ingabout 30 gram, were executed for 10, 15 and 20 days. And the tissues were observed in HE and PAS stain. The findings observed are as follows; I. Hyperplastic changes were revealed in underlying connective tissue and spinous cell layer. There were moderate vasodilatations with out edema but PAS reactions were dictinctive. in 10th day of experiment. II. There was remarkable increment of mortality up to 40percent and weight loss, but microscopic findings were not significant differences on than 10th days, in 15th day of experiment. III. Cellular anisocytosis, hyperchromatism and degenerations were observed in spinous cell layer, and vascular engergement in connec tivetissues were observed. And the mortality was up to 70 percent in 20th day of experment.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 1992

Clams were collected from mouth part of Mangeong Gang(river) of which heavy metals were heavily contaminated. Scapharca subcrenata, one of the clams, were fed to mice for 1-2 months with regular food stuffs. Eventhough difference of body weight was recognized between the experimental group and normal diat group, accumulation of heavy metals examined, cadmium was found 1.16 $\mu\textrm{g}$/gm in liver, 3.31 $\mu\textrm{g}$/gm in kidney and 0.21 $\mu\textrm{g}$/gm in blood of experimental group at 60th day, whereas 0.14 $\mu\textrm{g}$/gm, 0.35$\mu\textrm{g}$/gm and 0$\mu\textrm{g}$/gm respectively in normal diet group ate tje same period. No specific histo pathological finding was found in brain and kidney, although slighr fatty change and focal necrosis were found in liver tissues of the experimental group in second month.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.275-280
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• 2017

In addition to tumors, normal tissues, such as the brain and myocardium can intake $^{18}F$-FDG, and the amount of $^{18}F$-FDG intake by normal tissues can be altered by the surrounding environment. Therefore, a process is necessary during which the contrasts of the tumor and normal tissues can be enhanced. Thus, this study examines the effects of glucose levels on FDG PET images of brain tissues, which features high glucose activity at all times, in small animals. Micro PET scan was performed on fourteen mice after injecting $^{18}F$-FDG. The images were compared in relation to fasting. The findings showed that the mean SUV value w as 0.84 higher in fasted mice than in non-fasted mice. During observation, the images from non-fasted mice showed high accumulation in organs other than the brain with increased surrounding noise. In addition, compared to the non-fasted mice, the fasted mice showed higher early intake and curve increase. The findings of this study suggest that fasting is important in assessing brain functions in brain PET using $^{18}F$-FDG. Additional studies to investigate whether caffeine levels and other preprocessing items have an impact on the acquired images would contribute to reducing radiation exposure in patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.121-141
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• 2011

Objective : This Experimental study was done to investigate the Effect of Taklisodok-um and Hwangryunhaedok-tang(TH) on Atopic Dermatitis. Methods : We assessed effects of TH on the IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgG1, IFN-${\gamma}$ in vivo, on the IL-4, IL-5, CCR3 in the skin tissues of ear and dorsum with NC/Nga mice. And we assessed effects of TH on the COX-2, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 with RAW 264.7 cell. Results and Conclusion : 1. IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgGl levels in the serum of TH treated NC/Nga mouse group were decreased compared to the untreated control mice. IFN-r showed a increase in the experimental group compared to the untreated control group. The spleen weight of TH treated NC/Nga mice was decreased compared to the untreated control group. 2. mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-5 and CCR3 in the skin tissues of TH treated NC/Nga mice were decreased, and expression levels of IL-6 in the skin tissues of TH treated NC/Nga mice were decreased compared to the untreated control group. IFN-${\gamma}$ mRNA expression levels were increased compared to the untreated control group. 3. Judged from that IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 express of gene, effect of inflammatory Cytokines revelation were decreased compared to the untreated control group. 4. Depend on the strength of TH, inflammatory RAW 264.7 in the serum of TH were inhibited compared to the untreated control serum that leaded a COX-2 activity model. 5. Histological observation of the ear and skin tissues showed that the extents of inflammation and infiltrated immune cells in the epidermis and dermis of TH treated NC/Nga mice were highly reduced compared to the untreated control group.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2019

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance (IR). T2DM is correlated with obesity and most T2DM medications have been developed for enhancing insulin sensitivity. Silk protein fibroin (SPF) from spiders has been suggested as an attractive biomaterial for medical purposes. We generated transgenic rice (TR) expressing SPF and fed it to diabetic $BKS.Cg-m+/+Lepr^{db}$ mice to monitor the changes in blood glucose levels and adipose tissue proteins associated with energy metabolism and insulin signaling. In the present study, the adipocyte size in abdominal fat in TR-SPF-fed mice was remarkably smaller than that of the control. Whereas the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-activated protein kinase and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) protein levels were increased in abdominal adipose tissues after TR-SPF feeding, levels of six-transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) proteins decreased. Phosphorylation of AMPK at threonine 172 and IRS1 at serine 307 and tyrosine 632 were both increased in adipose tissues from TR-SPF-fed mice. Increased expression and phosphorylation of IRS1 at both serine 307 and tyrosine 632 in adipose tissues indicated that adipocytes obtained from abdominal fat in TR-SPF-fed mice were more susceptible to insulin signaling than that of the control. STAMP2 protein levels decreased in adipose tissues from TR-SPF-fed mice, indicating that STAMP2 proteins were reducing adipocytes that were undergoing lipolysis. Taken together, this study showed that TR-SPF was effective in reducing blood glucose levels in diabetic mice and that concurrent lipolysis in abdominal adipocytes was associated with alterations of AMPK, IRS1, and STAMP2. Increased IRS1 expression and its phosphorylation by TR-SFP were considered to be particularly important in the induction of lipolysis in adipocytes, as well as in reducing blood glucose levels in this animal model.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2001

Purpose : To investigate the regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle in mouse brain irradiation. Materials and Methods : 8-week old male mice, C57B1/6J were given whole body $\gamma-radiation$ with a single dose of 25 Gy using Cobalt 60 irradiator. At different times 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24hr after irradiation, mice were killed and brain tissues were collected. Apoptotic cells were scored by TUNEL assay. Expression of p53, Bcl-2, and Bax and cell cycle regulating molecules; cyclins Bl, Dl, E and cdk2, cdk4, $p34^{cdc2}$ were analysed by Western blotting. Cell cycle was analysed by Flow cytometry. Results : The peak of radiation induced apoptosis is shown at 8 hour after radiation. With a single 25 Gy irradiation, the peak of apoptotic index in C57B1/6J is $24.0{\pm}0.25$ (p<0.05) at 8 hour after radiation. Radiation upregulated the expression of p53/tubulin, Bax/tubulin, and Bcl-2/tubulin with 1.3, 1.1 and 1.45 fold increase, respectively were shown at the peak level at 8 hour after radiation. The levels of cell cycle regulating molecules after radiation are not changed significantly except cyclin D1 with 1.3 fold increase. Fractions of Go-Gl, G2-M and S phase in the cell cycle does not specific changes by time. Conclusion : In mouse brain tissue, radiation induced apoptosis is particularly shown in a specific area, subependyma. These results and lack of radiation induced changes in cell cycle ofter better understanding of radiation response of noraml brain tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1469-1475
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• 2004

Skin is the most frequently exposed tissues to oxidative stress from exogenous and endogenous sources. Dietary antioxidants, which suppress oxidative stress including reactive oxygen metabolites, play an important role in protecting skin from deleterious reactive oxygen species. Kimchi containing lots of antioxidative compounds shows anti-aging effect on skin. Therefore the morphologic changes on the skin of hairless mice fed diets containing Korean cabbage, mustard leaf, and buchu kimchi for 16 weeks were determined. Although epidermal thickness was decreased with age, kimchi prevented this thinning of epidermis compared to control group. In kimchi groups, the staining area of cytokeratin was smaller and stratum corneum was thinner than control group. It suggests that various kinds of kimchi diets prevent the increase of keratinization in epidermis with aging. Type Ⅳ collagen, a major structural protein of basement membrane supporting matrices, existed greater amount in kimchi groups than control group, especially in mustard leaf kimchi group. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) of fibroblast was well developed in dermis of Korean cabbage and mustard leaf kimchi groups, which means collagen synthesis at dermis increased in those kimchi groups. This morphological changes of skin suggest that kimchi consumption can retard skin aging due to the presence of antioxidant and anti-aging compounds, especially some components of mustard leaf kimchi may largely affect on the skin rejuvenescence.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2004

Aquaporins(AQPs) are a family of transmembrane water channel proteins that are widely distributed in various tissues throughout the body and play a major role in Oanscellular and Oansepithelial water movement. Uterine endometrium undergoes recurrent uterine stromal edema in response to hormonal stimuli, however, the mechanism regulating the fluid transport during the estrous cycle has not been fully understood. To investigate the possible role of AQPs in water movement in uterus during the estrous cycle, expression patterns of AQP -1, -3, -4, -5, -8, and -9 UMh in mouse uterus were analyzed by using semiquantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction(RT-nR). We employed a combination of laser capture microdissection(LCM) and RT-PCR to examine the expression patterns in specific uterine cell types luminal epithelial cells(LE) and stromal cells(S). Our results showed that the level of AQP-4 mRNA was significantly increased while the level of AQP-3 mRNA was significantly decreased during the proestous through the estrus stage. In addition LCM revealed that AQP-4 and -8 mRNAs were highly expressed in LE compared with S. Taken together, these results suggest that AQPs may have an important function in physiological changes of mouse uterus during the estrous cycle.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2006

Objective : Although management of asthma has become increasingly effective, its cure remains elusive, necessitating a new modality to prevent or eliminate causes triggering clinical progress. Based in the clinical experiences, a novel decoration Cheongsangbiyeum (CSB), has been developed to treat asthma, which consists of Polyporus, Semen Myristicae, Pericarpium citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Cimicifugae, Cortex Albizziae, Fructus Rubi, Rhizoma Zedoariae, and Rhizoma Rhei. In the current study, its anti-asthmatic efficacy was evaluated using a mouse model of asthma. Methods : Experimental allergic asthma was induced by repeated intraperitioneal sensitization and intranasal challenge of ovalbumin (OVA). Water extract of CSB (1 mg/mouse/day) was administrated orally whereas control mice on given with identical volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 5 days during the course of antigen challenge. When airway hyperreactivity(AHR) measured by ${\bata}-methacoline-induced$ airflow obstruction was compared, AHR of CSB-treated mice was significantly lower than those of control mice, indicating that CM extract can attenuate an asthmatic symptom. Airway recruitment of leukocytes and eosinophils was also markedly reduced by CSB treatment suggesting that oral treatment of CSB can alleviate the airway inflammation. For a better understanding of possible mechanisms underlying anti-asthmatic effet of CSB, cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and $IFN{\gamma}$ levels in bronchoalveola lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were determined. Results : The results showed that cytokine levels were significantly lowered by CSB treatment. Additionally, number of draining lymph node cells was significantly lower than those of control mice. These data indicate that CSB suppress in vivo allergen-specific response. However, notably, levels of type 2 cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-13 were more profoundly influenced. Moreover, in vitro OVA-specific proliferative response and type 2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) production lymph node cells was markedly decreased in CSB-treated mice, whereas their $IFN{\gamma}$ production was not significantly altered Thrse data clearly showed a preferential inhibition of type 2 T cell (Th2) response by CSB treatment. This finding was also supported by serum antibody data showing that levels of OVA-specific type 2 antibodies, IgE and IgG1, in CSB-treated mice were significantly lower than in control mice, while type 1 antibody, IgG2a level m rather higher than controls, although the difference was in significant. Conclusions : In conclusion, oral administration of CSB attenuates asthmatic manifestations including AHR ad airway recruitment of eosinophils in a mouse model which possibly results from selective inhibition of Th2 cell response to allergen. Our data suggest a potential clinical application of CSB for control of allergic asthma.