• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2013

Neonatal infection caused by Cronobacter species can result in serious illnesses such as bacteremia, septicemia, meningitis, and death in at-risk infants who are orally fed contaminated reconstituted powdered infant formulas. The objective of this study was to compare the virulence among three Cronobacter species strains by using an animal model for human neonatal Cronobacter species infections. We acquired timed-pregnant ICR mice and all owed them to give birth naturally. On postnatal day 3, each pup was administered orally a total dose of $1{\times}10^7$ CFU Cronobacter species strain 3439, CDC 1123-79, and 3231. Mice were observed twice daily for morbidity and mortality. At postnatal day 10, the remaining pups were euthanized, and brain, liver, and cecum were excised and analyzed for the presence of Cronobacter species. Cronobacter species were isolated from cecum and other tissues in inoculated mice. In the tissues of Cronobacter species infected mice, meningitis and gliosis were detected in the brain. In this study, we identified the virulence among Cronobacter species strains by using a neonatal mice model which was a very effective animal model for human neonatal Cronobacter species infections.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2019

Cellular senescence (CS) is one of hallmarks of aging and accumulation of senescent cells (SCs) with age contributes to tissue or organismal aging, as well as the pathophysiologies of diverse age-related diseases (ARDs). Genetic ablation of SCs in tissues lengthened health span and reduced the risk of age-related pathologies in a mouse model, suggesting a direct link between SCs, longevity, and ARDs. Therefore, senotherapeutics, medicines targeting SCs, might be an emerging strategy for the extension of health span, and prevention or treatment of ARDs. Senotherapeutics are classified as senolytics which kills SCs selectively; senomorphics which modulate functions and morphology of SCs to those of young cells, or delays the progression of young cells to SCs in tissues; and immune-system mediators of the clearance of SCs. Some senolytics and senomorphics have been proven to markedly prevent or treat ARDs in animal models. This review will present the current status of the development of senotherapeutics, in relation to aging itself and ARDs. Finally, future directions and opportunities for senotherapeutics use will discussed. This knowledge will provide information that can be used to develop novel senotherapeutics for health span and ARDs.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2001

Spin is an abundant maternal transcript comprising up to 0.2% of the total mRNA stock in mouse oocyte, whose protein product is associated with the meiotic spindle. We have identified a new isoform of Spin transcript containing a distinct 5'-untranslated region and the N-terminus of encoded protein. Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that the new isoform is expressed in embryos and most of adult tissues, while the previously identified transcript is expressed solely in mouse oocyte. We thus designated these two Spin isoforms as somatic type and oocyte type, respectively. To investigate the underlying mechanism for the differential expression, genomic structure of Spin was examined. Spin exists as multiple copies in the genome, some of which appears to be pseudogenes, and characterization of Spin genomic clones indicates that oocyte- and somatic-isoforms were generated by alternative splicing. The complex organization of Spin genomic locus and its multifaceted control of expression provide a good model to study the molecular mechanisms of elaborate genome usage in mammals.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 1997

This experiment was to investigate the antioxidant effect of Sesimtang(SST) on brain tissues of mouse. The experimental groups were divided into three groups and treated ad follows for 15 days ; Normal group(NC), Vt.E admistrated group(PC), SST administrated Group(SST). After the extracting microsome from brain of mouse, those were measured the amounts of oxidant materials like MDA(malonaldehyde) and $H_2O_2$, then activities of antioxidant enzymes like SOD(superoxide dismutase), catalase, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. The results were as follows; 1. In TBA reaction to measure the amount of MDA, oxidant material of brain tissue of aged rat, both treated groups showed significant decrease. 2. Hydrogen peroxide formation was showed significant decrease in both treated groups than normal group. 3. Superoxide dismutase activity was increased in both treated groups than normal group, and showed little change in SST administrated group than normal group. 4. Catalase activity was increased in both treated groups than normal group. 5. NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity was increased in both treated groups than normal group.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1996

Germinal centers (GCs) are formed in peripheral lymphoid tissues in response to protein antigens. In order to see if immunoglobulin isotype switching takes place in GC B-cells, we isolated GC B-cells (PNA positive cells) from mouse popliteal lymph nodes by a flow cytometer after the staining of lymph node cells with PNA-FITC and anti-B220-PE, and determined the expression of ${\gamma}1$ germline transcript and ${\gamma}1$ mRNA by RT-PCR. ${\gamma}1$ germline transcript and ${\gamma}1$ mRNA were amplified specifically in cDNAs from hybridoma expressing IgG1 or splenocytes stimulated LPS plus IL-4. Germinal center B-cells formed in popliteal lymph nodes of mice immunized with chicken ovalbumin were isolated 7 days after immunization. We sorted GC B-cells five times. Immunoglobulin ${\gamma}1$ germline transcripts were expressed in germinal center B-cells in three out of five sorts whereas two out of five sorts did not express ${\gamma}1$ germline transcripts in GC B-cells. The contents of GC B-cells ranged from 5 to 7% of total lymph node cells in most flow cytometric analyses but those of two sorted cells which did not express ${\gamma}1$ germline transcripts were out of normal range. These results imply that isotype switching of immunoglobulins may take place in GCs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2003

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, $^{+}NH_3CH_2CH_2{SO_3}^{-}$) is endogenous $\beta$-amino acid which is essential in fetal nutrition and development and is present in abundant quantities in several tissues of fetus. In utero, taurine deficiency causes abnormal development and abnormal function of brain, retina, kidney and myocardium. Thus, transfer of taurine into fetus is important during embryonic development. Taurine transporter (TauT) has 12 hydrophobic membrane -spanning domains, which is typical of the $Na^{+}$- and $Cl^{-}$-dependent transporter gene family. Among the various biosynthetic enzymes of taurine, cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSD) is the rate-limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of taurine. However, the enzyme activities of taurine biosynthesis are limited in early stage of embryonic development. To analyze the expression period of TauT and CSD during embryonic development, we have investigated the gene expression of TauT and CSD using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in mouse and chicken embryos. RT-PCR anaylsis revealed that both TauT and CSD mRNAs were already expressed at Day-4.5 in mouse embryo. In chicken whole embryo, TauT and CSD mRNAs began to appear on developing times of 48 hrs and 12 hrs, respectively. TauT mRNA was detected in the organs of heart, brain and eye of the day-3 chicken embryo. Our data show that TauT and CSD mRNAs were expressed in early stage of embryonic development.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.621-624
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• 2008

We previously showed that Asb-4 and Asb-17 is uniquely expressed in developing male germ cells. A recent report showed that Asb-9 is specifically expressed in the kidney and testes; however, detailed expression patterns in developing germ cells have not been shown. Northern blot analysis in various tissues demonstrated that mAsb-9 was strongly expressed in the testes. Expression analysis by RT-PCR and Northern blot in developing mouse testes indicates that mAsb-9 is expressed from the fourth week after birth to adulthood, with the highest expression in round spermatids. Expression sites were further localized by in situ hybridization in the testes. Pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids expressed mAsb-9 but spermatogonia and generated spermatozoa did not. This study reveals that mAsb-9 could be a specific marker of active spermatogenesis and would be useful for studies of male germ cell development.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.263-270
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• 1995

Creatine(Cr) and phosphocreatine(PCr), the important mediators of intracellular high-energy phosphate buffer system, were found in the tissues of mouse seminal vesicle and also in the extracellular fluids of seminal vesicle secretion. This study was performed m confirm that the secretion and accumulation of Cr and PCr is regulated by testosterone and its $5{\alpha}$-reduced metabolite, $5{\alpha}$-dihydrotestosterone(DHT). In addition, the effect of nandrolone decanoate(ND), a synthetic anabolic steroid, on the levels of Cr and PCr in the seminal vesicle was compared with those of testosterone propionate(TP) and DHT. Male Swiss-Webster mice were castrated and three groups of the castrates were treated with daily injection(sc) of same molar dose($1.45{\times}10^{-8}mol/g\;BW$) of TP, DHT, or ND. All three androgens rapidly increased weights of seminal vesicle tissue and fluid, and also increased concentrations of Cr and PCr in the tissue and fluid. However, ND was least effective in increasing seminal vesicle weights, whereas ND was as effective as, or in some cases, more effective than, TP or DHT in increasing Cr and PCr levels in the tissue and fluid. The results confirm that the accumulation of Cr and PCr in the seminal vesicles is regulated by testosterone and DHT, and also suggest that the effects of androgens on seminal vesicle growth and secretory activity may be differentiated.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.944-951
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• 2016

Tdrd12 is one of tudor domain containing (Tdrd) family members. However, the expression pattern of Tdrd12 has not been well studied. To compare the expression levels of Tdrd12 in various tissues, real time-polymerase chain reaction was performed using total RNAs from liver, small intestine, heart, brain, kidney, lung, spleen, stomach, uterus, ovary, and testis. Tdrd12 mRNA was highly expressed in testis. Antibody against mouse TDRD12 were generated using amino acid residues SQRPNEKPLRLTEKKDC of TDRD12 to investigate TDRD12 localization in testis. Immunostaining assay shows that TDRD12 is mainly localized at the spermatid in the seminiferous tubules of adult testes. During postnatal development, TDRD12 is differentially expressed. TDRD12 was detected in early spermatocytes at 2 weeks and TDRD12 was localized at acrosome of the round spermatids. TDRD12 expression was not co-localized with TDRD1 which is an important component of piRNA pathway in germ cells. Our results indicate that TDRD12 may play an important role in spermatids and function as a regulator of spermatogenesis in dependent of TDRD1.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2014

Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host. Duolac-Gold is a mixture of seven probiotic bacteria containing three species of Bifidobacteria, two species of Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus thermophilus. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of Duolac-Gold in an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mouse model. IBD was induced by administering 1.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 10 days. After induction of DSS-induced colitis, Duolac-Gold was orally administered at three different concentrations. Interestingly, Duolac-Gold treatment accelerated IBD healing, and anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by weight loss, length of the colon, and a microscopic damage score by histology. The expression of inflammatory related cytokines was measured in colon tissues and serum. Of these cytokines, the expression of interleukin-6 decreased remarkably after Duolac-Gold treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that Duolac-Gold treatment is effective in IBD healing by regulating IL-6.