• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.47-55
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was carried out to know the effect of Cordyceps sinensis(CS) on the immune inflammatory responses of spleen cells and function or immunocytes of the normal mouse. Methodes: We investigated effects of Cordyceps sinensis(CS) on normal immunocytes, gene expression of IL-12, IFN-$\gamma$ and surface-receptor expression of $CD3_{\epsilon}+$, CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ cells were measured by PCR and FACS. Results : CS activated adhisive splenic cells morphologically as compared with the control group in the normal spleen cells of BALB/C mice. CS enhanced gene expression of interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma in a dose-dependent manner in the normal spleen cells of BALB/C mice. CS reduced the number of activating cells and surface-receptor expression of CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+. Conclusion : Cordyceps sinensis will be used as a stable remedium in the auto-immune diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2013

Ginsenoside Rp1 is one of ginseng saponins with chemotherapeutic activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of Rp1 on spleen cells. Spleen is a major immune organ consisted of crucial immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and some antigen-presenting cells. Although the anti-tumor potential of Rp1 was studied, the effects of Rp1 on immune cells have not investigated yet. A viability assay using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometric analysis, Western blot analysis were used to detect cellular changes on Rp1-treated spleen cells. MTT assay showed that Rp1 decreased the viability of spleen cells. To further investigate the effects of Rp1 on activated spleen cells, we treated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a representative inflammatory agent and Rp1 on spleen cells in a combination. The surface expression levels of activation markers for lymphocytes, CD25 and CD69 were measured. Apoptotic analysis revealed the cytotoxic effects of Rp1 on both na$\ddot{i}$ve and activated cells, and the expression pattern of some apoptosis-related proteins was correlated to apoptotic events of cells. Taken together, ginsenoside Rp1 increases the cellular death of spleen cells and also inhibits the LPS-induced activation of spleen cells.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.202.2-202.2
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• 2003

Rg3 is a derivative of triterpenoid dammarane, which originally extracted from Red Ginseng, which have been known to have neuroprotective, vasodilator, antioxidative, antimetastasis, and direct anticancer effects. These various backgrounds of Rg3 can provide an additional interest in respect to the “hematopoiesis” in bone marrow and spleen cells. We, therefore, have investigated what effects and correlates of Rg3 (e.g. suppression and side effects) are affected in relation with the bone marrow and spleen cells of mouse. (omitted)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.294-300
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• 2003

A polysaccharide fraction, AIP1, purified from Artemisia iwayomogi was shown to have immunomodulating and anti-tumor activities in mice. In order to determine how the AIP1 fraction exhibits the immunomodulating activity, the effect of the fraction on the apoptosis of mouse spleen cells was investigated. Treatment of the mouse spleen cells with the AIP1 fraction resulted ,in the suppression of apoptotic death and an extension of cell survival in culture, indicating that the fraction might modulate the death of spleen cells. Treatment of the mice with the AIP1 fraction in vivo also resulted in less apoptosis of the spleen cells, which indicates the physiological relevance of the anti-apoptosis effect of the fraction in vitro. A mouse gene array was used to determine the profile of the gene expression change showing a pattern of up- and down-regulated genes by the AIP1 treatment. This study provides preliminary information regarding the immunomodulatory mechanism of the AIP1 fraction.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.133-137
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• 2010

Ginsan is an acidic polysaccharide purified from Panax ginseng, a famous oriental herb. Although a variety of biological activities of ginsan have been studied, the effects of ginsan on spleen cells are not fully elucidated. We investigated the effect of ginsan on the viability and proliferation of spleen cells. Using Cell Counting $Kit-8^{(R)}$ solution and trypan blue solution, we found that ginsan significantly enhanced viability and proliferation. Multiple clusters, indicating proliferation, were observed in ginsan-treated spleen cells and, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester and surface marker staining assay revealed that ginsan promoted proliferation from $CD19^+$ B cells rather than $CD4^+$ or $CD8^+$ T cells. In addition, ginsan decreased the percentage of late apoptotic cells. Ginsan increased the surface expression of CD25 and CD69 as well as production of interleukin-2 from spleen cells, suggesting increased activation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ginsan increases the viability and proliferation of spleen cells via multiple mechanisms, valuable information for broadening the use of ginsan in clinical and research settings.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-32
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• 1992

This study was done to know the effect of Giyuetang on the inflammatory response, contact hypersensitivity (CH), and rosette forming capacity of spleen cells. The effects of Jiyutang with Fructus Immaturus Ponciri on the inflammatory response were evaluated by measuring the production of such reactive oxygen intermediate(ROI) as $O_2^-$ and $H_{2}O_2$ in the peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages. The effects of Jiyutang with Fructus Immaturus Ponciri on the CH were evaluated by checking the ear swelling response against dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB). The administration of Jiyutang with Fructus Immaturus Ponciri on the mouse decreased the amount of ROI in both neutrophils and macrophages. Jiyutang with Fructus Immaturus Ponciri depressed CH without affecting the rosette forming capacity of spleen cells. The results of this study showed that Jiyutang with Fructus Immaturus Ponciri might have anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the amounts of ROI in the phagocytes and suppressing the CH, without affecting the rosette-forming capacity of spleen cells.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 1989

A pathogenic free-living amoeba, Naegleria fowleri, causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis to human and experimental animals. This infection is rare, but the mortality is very high. Nowadays, drug treatment or active immunization of human or mice are being tried with partial effectiveness. This study shows passive immunization effect by transfer of immunized spleen cells, serum, or milk from immunized mother in mouse experimental model. Young BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with $2~3{\times}10^{6}$ trophozoites of N. fowleri, and spleen cells and sera were collected for injection to recipient mice. There were seven transfer groups, i.e., immunized mouse serum, spleen cells, serum and spleen cells, normal mouse serum, spleen cells, serum and spleen cells, and control group. Three days later, BALB/c mice were inoculated with $1{\times}10^{4}$ trophozoites of N. fowleri intranasally. After infection, decreased mortality ana prolonged survival time of mice were noted in immunized Bloops compared with non.immuniBed control group. The groups Injected with immunized spleen cells or normal serum shewed lower moltality than that of controls bult showed no changes of Serum IgG level. The groups injected with immunized serum or normal spleen cells showed increased serum IgG level after immunization but hundred percent mortality was observed. Mother mice were ifnfnunised increperitqneeliy with $2~3{\times}10^{6}$ trephozoites of N. fowleri at the end of pregnancy and weaning Period. Soon after the delivery, Jitters born of non-immunszed mother were matched with immunized mother for feeding immune milk. After three weeks, the litters were infected with $1{\times}10^{4}$ trophozeites of N. fowleri or sacrificed for serum collection to measure the IgG levels. The results show that anti-JV. fowleri IgG from mother was transferred to litter through milk but this IgG did not inauence the mortality or survival time of the infected mice.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.67-84
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• 2008

Objective : The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Jasinwhalhyul-tang (Zishenhuoxue-tang, JWT) on MRL/MpJ-Ipr/Ipr mouse model with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: The effect of JWT on MRL/MpJ-Ipr/Ipr mice that have autoimmune disease similar to SLE in humans was evaluated after JWT per oral in the present study. Mice were administered with Jasinwhalhyul-tang (Zishenhuoxue-tang, JWT) (80 or 400mg/kg) or distilled water for control group from experimental week 10 for 22 weeks. Results : The amount of erythematosus skin lesion and proteinuria were significantly decreased. The size and weight of cervical lymph nodes and spleen were significantly reduced. The ratio between activated $CD3^+CD69^+$ T-cells and undifferentiated $CD3^+CD4^-CD8^-$ T-cells in lymph nodes, spleen and kidney was effectively reduced. The gene expression of TGF-$\beta$ in spleen and kidney was increased. The amount of anti-dsDNA IgG in blood was decreased. The gene expression of TGF-$\beta$ in normal mouse spleen cells was increased depending on concentration by treatment of with T cell stimulating agent. In the histological examination of skin and kidney, the amount of infiltration of immune cells involved in the inflammatory response was decreased. Conclusions : According to the above results, JWT should be considered as an applicable therapeutic agent to SLE in clinical practice. Further research is required to investigate other efficacies of JWT on SLE.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.584-589
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• 2006

Bifidobacteria has been suggested to exert health promoting effects on the host by maintaining microbial flora and modulating immune functions in the human intestine. We assessed modulatory effects of the different cell fractions of Bifidobacterium sp. BGN4 on macrophage cells and other immune cells from the spleen and Peyer's patches (PP) of mouse. Cell free extracts (CFE) of the BGN4 fractions induced well-developed morphological changes in the macrophages and increased the phagocytic activity more effectively than other fractions in the mouse peritoneal cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production was significantly reduced by both the cell walls (CW) and CFE in the cultured cells from the spleen and PP. The production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) was eminent in the spleen cells treated with experimental BGN4 cell fractions. However, in the PP cells, IL-6 was slightly decreased by the treatment with the whole cell (WC) and CW, whereas IL-10 was significantly increased by the treatment with the CW and CFE. These results suggest that different types of bifidobacterial cell fractions may have differential immunomodulatory activities depending on their location within the host immune system.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.215-220
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• 2005

Background: Transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}1$) directs class switch recombination (CSR) to IgA isotype, which is a predominant antibody in mucosal surfaces. Although IgA is preferentially committed in mucosal lymphoid tissues, it is not definitely established whether hallmarks of IgA CSR such as IgA germ-line transcripts (GLT ${\alpha}$), post-switch transcripts (PST ${\alpha}$) and circle transcripts (CT ${\alpha}$) are readily expressed in such tissues. Therefore, we compared the expression of these transcripts among mouse Peyer's patches (PP), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and spleen. Methods: Levels of GLTs, PSTs and CTs were measured by RT-PCR in isolated PPs, MLNs and spleen cells. Results: GLT ${\alpha}$ and PST ${\alpha}$ were well expressed in PP and MLN cells but in spleen cells. Similar patterns were observed in the expression of GL ${\gamma}$2b and PST ${\gamma}$2b. On the other hand, these transcripts were only inducible in spleen cells upon stimulated with LPS and TGF-${\beta}1$. In addition, CT${\alpha}$ and CT${\gamma}$2b were detected in PP cells. Conclusion: PP B cells readily express IgA GLT, PST, and CT. Overall expression patterns of these transcripts were similar in MLN cells. Thus, these results suggest that microenvironment of PP and MLN influences spontaneous IgA CSR, which lacks in systemic lymphoid tissues such as spleen.