• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 1994

These expriments were carried out to investigate existence of H-Y antibody in the rat serum immunized against H-Y antigen from rat spleen cells and effect of H-Y antiserum on development of mouse male embryos. The results obtained were summerized as follows : 1. When mouse embryos were cultured for 48∼72 hrs in the Ham's F10 containing 16% of FBS(fetal bovine serum) or RNS(rat normal serum), percentages of embryos developed from 2, 4, 8 and 16-cell embryo to morulae were 20, 27, 94 and 100%, respectively, in FBS and 8, 7, 94 and 100%, respectively, in RNS. Eight to 16-cell embryos showed no difference in development rate between FBS adn RNS. 2. When 8∼16-cell mouse embryos were cultured for 24∼48 hrs in the Ham's F10 containing FBS, RNS＋GPC(guinea pig complement) and RAS(rat antiserum)＋GPC, proportions of embryos developed to the expanded blastocyst stage were 100, 82.4 and 52.1∼53.6%(ave.52.9), respectively, so that it was suggested that rat antiserum suppressed development of male embryos. 3. When 8∼16-cell mouse embryos were cultured for 24∼48 hrs in the Ham's F10 containing FBS, RNS, RNS＋GPC and RAS＋GPC, proportions of embryos developed to the expanded blastocyst stage were 94.5, 90.9, 82.3 and 47%, respectively, and the embryos developed in the medium containing RAS＋GPC seemed to be female. These results indicated that the antisera prepared through immunized against H-Y antigen from rat spleen cell, possessed H-Y antibody which supressed development of male embryos.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.183-191
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to study the determination of survival of vitrified and thawed mammal follicular oocytes by FDA-test. Oocytes were divided into 3 groups according to attachment of cumulus cell. Group A oocytes were tightly surrounded by cumulus cell, group B oocytes were partially surrounded by cumulus cell, and group C oocytes were poorly surrounded by cumulus cell. Vitrification solution developed by our previous study (Kim et al, 1992) which consisted of permeable agent (20 % glycerol + 10 % ethylene glycol) and nonpermeable agent (30 % Ficoll + 10 % sucrose). Oocytes (7~10) loaded into 0.25 ml straw after 10 min equilibration were plunged into liquid nitrogen (- 196$^{\circ}C$) directly. The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group A oocytes was higher in rat (4.2) than in rabbit (3.9), cow (3.8), mouse (3.4) and porcine (2.4), however that of cumulus cell was higher in rabbit (4.7) than in rat (4.1), cow (2.9), porcine (2.6) and mouse (1.4). The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group B oocytes were 3.1 (cow), 2.9 (rabbit), 2.9 (mouse), 2.6 (rat) and 2.5 (porcine), respectively. However that of cumulus cell was higher in rabbit (3.7) than in porcine (2.6), rat (2.3), cow (1.7) and mouse (0.3). The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group C oocytes was higher in mouse (4.1) than in cow (2.9), rabbit (2.6), rat (1.3) and porcine (1.1). As shown in the above results, The survival rates of oocytes were higher in group A than in group B and C except in mouse and cow. These results suggest that the survival of cumulus cell as well as follicular oocytes can be reliably judged by their fluorescence with FDA-test.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2004

The alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, called the comet assay, has been applied to detect DNA damage induced by a number of chemicals and biological factors in vivo and in vitro. The DNA damage was analysed by tail moment (TM) and tail length (TL), which were markers of DNA strand breaks in SCGE. Human, mouse and rat peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were irradiated with different doses of $^{60}Co$ ${\gamma}$-rays, e.g. 1, 2, 4, and 8 Gy at a dose rate of 1 Gy/min. A dose-dependent increase in TM (p<0.01) and TL (p<0.01) was obtained at all the radiation doses (1-8 Gy) in human, mouse and rat PBLs. Mouse PBLs were more sensitive than human PBLs which were in turn more sensitive than rat PBLs when the treated dosages were 1 and 2 Gy. However, human PBLs were more sensitive than mouse PBLs which were in turn more sensitive than rat PBLs when the irradiation dosages were 4 and 8 Gy. Data from all three species could be fitted to a linear-quadratic model. These results indicated that there may be inherent differences in the radio-sensitivity among PBLs of mammalian species.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1983

A Scanning electron microscope which can obtain additional information not readily available with either the light or transmission electron microscope was used to study the mast cell shape and its granules in normal mammal tissue(rat mesentery, stomach and mouse stomach) by fretting cut using liquid nitrogen. The results showed that rat mesentery and mouse stomach mast cell surfaces had no ridges and microvilli, but revealed several microvilli projecting into the surrounding connective tissue in the rat stomach mast cell. The shape of the mast cell varied from discoid(in the rat mesenteric mast cell) to ellipsoid (rat and mouse stomach), ranging from 7.5 to $10{\mu}m$ in diameter. The shape of the nucleus was ellipsoid and nucleic membrane was adherent to the outer surface of the granules. The granules, approximately 0.2 to $0.9{\mu}m$ in diameter, were various shapes. Frequently, rounded protrusions of cytoplasmic granules could be discerned under the cell membrane. Many small granules were seen in the cytoplasm.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.1073-1080
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• 1999

Previous studies suggested that the inhibition of thyroxine ($T_4$) release by ${\alpha}_1$-adrenoceptor and muscarinic receptor stimulation results in activated protein kinase C (PKC) from mouse and guinea pig thyroids. In the present study, the effect of carbachol, methoxamine, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and R59022 on the release of $T_4$ from the mouse, rat, and guinea pig thyroids was compared to clarify the role of PKC in the regulation of the release of $T_4$. The thyroids were incubated in the medium containing the test agents, samples of the medium were assayed for $T_4$ by EIA kits. Forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator, chlorophenylthio-cAMP sodium, a membrane permeable analog of cAMP, and isobutyl-methylxanthine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, like TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), enhaced the release of $T_4$ from the mouse, rat, and guinea pig thyroids. Methoxamine, an ${\alpha}_1$-adrenoceptor agonist, inhibited the TSH-stimulated release of $T_4$ in mouse, but not rat and guinea pig thyroids. In contrast, carbachol, a muscarinic receptor agonist, inhibited the release of $T_4$ in guinea pig, but not mouse and rat thyroids. These inhibition were reversed by prazosin, an ${\alpha}_1$-adrenoceptor antagonist or atropine, a muscarinic antagonist or $M_1$- and $M_3$-muscarinic antagonists, in mouse or guinea pig thyroids. In addition, staurosporine, a PKC inhibitor, reversed methoxamine or carbachol inhibition of TSH stimulation. Furthermore, PMA, a PKC activator, and R59022, a diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase inhibitor, inhibited the TSH-stimulated release of $T_4$ in mouse, rat, and guinea pig thyroids. These inhibition were blocked by staurosporine. These findings suggest that the activation of receptor or DAG inhibits TSH-stimulated $T_4$ release through a PKC-dependent mechanism in thyroid gland.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.312-317
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• 2011

캡사이신 채널로 알려진 바닐로이드 수용체 TRPV1 (캡사이신채널, Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1)은 통증발현에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 TRPV1의 활성조절에 관여하는 단백질에 대하여는 알려진 바가 많지 않다. 최근 rat TRPV1과 직접적으로 결합하는 단백질을 탐색하여 mouse Rab11-FIP3 (rab11-family interaction protein 3)가 rat TRPV1과 직접적으로 결합한다는 것이 보고되었다. Rab11은 여러 가지의 세포내 이동에 관여하는 것으로 보고되었다. 그러므로 Rab11-FIP3과의 결합을 통해 TRPV1의 세포막으로의 이동에 관여할 것으로 추측할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 전에 보고된 연구가 mouse와 rat 이라는 다른 종의 단백질끼리의 결합이기 때문에 같은 종에서의 상호작용을 확인하고 Rab11-FIP3의 TRPV1의 세포막으로의 이동에서의 역할을 알아보고자 현재까지 동정되지 않은 rat의 Rab11-FIP3의 유전자를 GenBank 서열을 바탕으로 rat 뇌의 RNA 로부터 cDNA 를 클로닝하여 유전자를 분리하고 TRPV1 과의 관계를 세포생물학적으로 알아보았다. 연구결과 rat의 Rab11-FIP3는 489개의 아미노산 서열을 가지고 있으며 human과는 80%, mouse와는 90% 이상 아미노산 서열의 상동성을 보였다. 조직별 분포는 심장, 뇌, 간, 콩팥, 정소에서 발현되고 있는 것을 northern blot assay와 western blot assay 로 확인하였다. rat 의 뇌조직에서 TRPV1 과 Rab11-FIP3 단백질이 결합하여 colocalize 하는 것을 면역화학방법으로 확인하였다. 이 결합은 같은 family 의 TRPV2 와는 결합하지 않는 특이적 결합이므로 Rab11-FIP3 가 TRPV1 과 상호작용하여 세포막으로의 이동에 관여할 것이라는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2017

Gonadotropins are heterodimers consisting an alpha chain ($Cg{\alpha}$) and a beta chain. Interestingly, presence of complicated $LH-{\beta}$ transcripts in rat testis was accidently found; testicular $LH-{\beta}$ transcripts were confined in seminiferous tubules to spermatids, and the translated products were localized in the elongated spermatids. We hypothesized that mouse testis has potential to produce the tissue specific $LH-{\beta}$ with similar structure to the rat testicular forms. To verify our hypothesis, we examined the adult mouse (ICR) testis using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The PCR revealed the presence of the identical products in the reactions for three LH subunit types. The expected product sizes for mouse $Cg{\alpha}$ and $LH-{\beta}$ known as pituitary type were 224 bp and 503 bp, respectively. The testicular type $LH-{\beta}$ products were produced by a primer set based on the rat sequences, with unexpected size of 800 bp. Sequencing revealed that the proximal and distal parts (2-82 and 661- 773 bp, respectively) were homologous to rat testicular $LH-{\beta}$ cDNA, and middle part (83-660 bp) was a unique mouse-specific region. Both $Cg{\alpha}$ and $LH-{\beta}$ positive signals were in the round and elongated spermatids and mature sperms, and the $LH-{\beta}$ signals were more intense. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the presence and localization of the LH subunits in mouse testis. Further studies will be needed to understand the precise structure and function of mouse testicular LH.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2001

Objective : Adrenal medullary chromaffin cells are known to release analgesic substances such as opioides and catecholamines. Transplantation of them is a novel method that challenges current approaches in treating chronic pain. The transplantation of xenogeneic chromaffin cells into the central nervous system(CNS) supply antinociception in animals. In this study, we investigated the analgesic effects of rat adrenal medullary chromaffin cells transplanted into the CNS of the mouse. To study the antinociceptive efficacy of transplanted chromaffin cells, the survival of rat adrenal medullary chromaffin cells transplanted into the CNS of mouse was determined. Methods : The adrenal medullary chromaffin cells isolated from rat were transplanted into the striatum of mouse. These cells were confirmed of the release of Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin by HPLC, and immunoblots for tyrosine hydroxylase(TH). Two weeks after transplantation, we performed immunohistochemistry for TH to determine the survival of implanted cells and assessed pain sensitivity at the same time. Results : The isolated rat adrenal medullary chromaffin cells were positive for anti-TH antibody and released Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin more than rat endothelial cells. Transplanted rat chromaffin cells were stained with anti-TH antibody in striatum of mouse after 2 weeks. Pain sensitivity was reduced on the chromaffin cell-transplanted mouse compared to endothelial cell-transplanted mouse by the hot plate test. Conclusion : These results suggest that the rat chromaffin cells were suitably transplanted into the CNS of mouse. This approach could be used as a therapy for reducing of chronic pain induced by cancer or neuronal injury.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.68-74
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• 1970

안전방안에서 여포난자가 성숙한다는 것이 몇가지 동물을 이용한 실험에서 밝혀진 바가 있었거니와 여포 난자가 異種의 안전방내에서도 성숙이 가능한 가를 보기 위하여 본 실험을 행하였다. 토끼의 경우 자체의 안전방내에 이식한 여포난자가 다른 동물 즉 흰쥐나 흰생쥐의 안전방에 이식하였을 때보다 낮은 성숙률을 보여 주고 있을 뿐, 흰쥐, 흰생쥐들은 각각 상호간의 안전방에 이식하였을때 同種의 다른 개체의 안정방에서 얻은 결과보다 훨씬 좋은 성숙률을 나타내고 있다. 특히 흰쥐의 여포난자는 숫컷 흰쥐의 안전방에서 24시간 사이에 76%가 제 1및 제 2차 분렬의 증기에 있으며 같은 종류의 수컷 생쥐의 안전방에서 55%가 성숙한 것 보다 훨씬 높은 율을 보여주고 있는 것이다. 안전방의 전방수가 함유단백질의 양이거나 삼투압에 있어서 일반체액이거나 표준배양액의 것들과는 크게 다르며 세포나 조직의 배양액으로는 그다지 적당한 것으로 보이지 않으나 여포난자의 활성획득에는 큰 영향이 없다할 것이다. 특히 異種간의 이식실험에서 얻은 결과가 자체거나 同種간의 이식실험과 거의 같거나 오히려 더 나은 성과를 보여주고 있는데, 는 그 이유에 대해 더 밝혀야 할 문제로 본다. 단지 난자는 성숙분렬을 위한 활성을 갖는데 난자자체의 구성성분 즉 난황물질의 양에 크게 좌우되는 것같으며 또한 난자가 배양될 안전방의 환경요인이 성숙률을 결정하는 데 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 보인다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2002

새로운 제초성 N-phenyl-3,4-dimethylphthalimide 유도체의 구조변화에 따른 물리-화학 파라미터와 다루어진 바 없는 TOPKAT 프로그램으로 계산된 랫트 및 마우스 등의 급만성 독성에 관한 판별점수(DS) 및 치사율과의 관계(QSTR)를 정량적으로 검토하였다. 그 결과, 발암성은 랫트보다 마우스가 그리고 수컷보다는 암컷이 높은 경향이었다. $R_2$-기만이 변화하는 조건에서 Hansch-Fujita 식을 유도한 결과, 발암성에서 랫트 암컷을 제외한 마우스(암, 수) 및 랫트 수컷은 공통적으로 LUMO 에너지가 영향을 미치는 주 요인이었으며 마우스 암컷과 수컷의 발암성에 관한 선택성 요소는 주로 $R_2$-치환기 길이의 적정값(약 $(L)_{opt.}=5.0{\AA}$)에 의존적이었다. 또한, Free-Wilson 식으로부터 $R_2$-기의 기여도는 랫트 수컷의 경우, 탄화수소로 구성된 치환체가 그리고 그 이외의 경우에는 불소 치환체들의 기여도가 우세한 경향이었다.