• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.305-311
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• 1997

Dermaptera was investigated, examined and reviewed in taxonomy and for distribution in Youngnam region. Based on the data, the local species groups were measured to choose priority-conservation-area by taxonomic root weighting and distribution analysis at 232 geographical conservation units. Eleven species belonging to 4 families and 8 genera were recorded mounting up to 68.75% of species diversity known in Korea. Found remarkably were the rare and endangered Challia fletcheri Burr at Sobaek Mountain National Park, and unusually Anisolabis maritima (Bonelli) in Taegu, Euborellia pallipes (Shiraki) at Island Geoje and E. plebeja (Dohrn) at Hwanho near Pohang. The highest species diversity was found at the temple Huibang area at Sobaek Mountain National Park with 8 species, which was measured also as the primary priority-conservation-area with 83.41 % of accumulated taxonomic root weighting indices in percentage. Geoje and Hwanho both measured as 12.18% of accumulated taxonomic root weighting index in percentage and complimentary to Sobaek Mountain National Park but supporting 5 and 3 species, respectively. The priority goes to the geographical conservation unit supporting higher species richness between two geographical conservation units in comparison. By the rule, the second priority-conservation-area should be Geoje and the third Hwanho. It is, thus, demonstrated how 11 species can be all conserved by choosing 3 priority-conservation-areas out of 232 geographical conservation units to maintain maximum species in minimum areas.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2001

The variation of sampling errors was characterized using the Waymire-Gupta-Rodriguez-Iturbe multi-dimensional rainfall model(WGR model). The parameters used for this study are those derived by Jung et al. (2000) for the Han River Basin using a genetic algorithm technique. The sampling error problems considered are those for using raingauge network, satellite observation and also for both combined. The characterization of sampling errors was done for each month and also for the downstream plain area and the upstream mountain area, separately. As results of the study we conclude: (1) The pattern of sampling errors estimated are obviously different from the seasonal pattern of monthly rainfall amounts. This result may be understood from the fact that the sampling error is estimated not simply by considering the rainfall amounts, but by considering all the mechanisms controlling the rainfall propagation along with its generation and decay. As the major mechanism of moisture source to the Korean Peninsula is obviously different each month, it seems rather normal to provide different pattern of sampling errors from that of monthly rainfall amounts. (2) The sampling errors estimated for the upstream mountain area is about twice higher than those for the down stream plain area. It is believed to be because of the higher variability of rainfall in the upstream mountain arean than in the down stream plain area.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2019

In mountain accident events, it is important for the search team commander to determine the search area in order to secure the Golden Time. Within this period, assistance and treatment to the concerned individual will most likely prevent further injuries and harm. This paper proposes a method to determine the search priority area based on missing persons behavior and missing persons incidents statistics. GIS (Geographic Information System) and MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) are integrated by applying WLC (Weighted Linear Combination) techniques. Missing persons were classified into five types, and their behavioral characteristics were analyzed to extract seven geographic analysis factors. Next, index values were set up for each missing person and element according to the behavioral characteristics, and the raster data generated by multiplying the weight of each element are superimposed to define models to select search priority areas, where each weight is calculated from the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) through a pairwise comparison method obtained from search operation experts. Finally, the model generated in this study was applied to a missing person case through a virtual missing scenario, the priority area was selected, and the behavioral characteristics and topographical characteristics of the missing persons were compared with the selected area. The resulting analysis results were verified by mountain rescue experts as 'appropriate' in terms of the behavior analysis, analysis factor extraction, experimental process, and results for the missing persons.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2015

이 연구의 목적은 고밀도의 LiDAR 자료를 이용하여 산림에 대한 정보를 보다 정확하게 정량화하기 위한 방법을 연구하는데 있다. 기후변화와 관련하여 온실가스 흡수량 확보를 위한 산림자원의 정량적 분석을 위해 고밀도의 LiDAR 자료 획득방법과 산림자원의 추출방안을 연구하였다. 그 결과, 고밀도의 LiDAR 자료를 이용하여 산림자원의 객체별 수고 및 수관을 추출 할 수 있었다. 산림자원의 수고 및 수관의 추출은 수치지형도 제작에 사용되는 평균 2.5points/㎡의 저밀도 LiDAR 자료를 사용할 경우 정확한 추출이 어려웠다. 지형, 산림자원의 특성, 데이터 용량 및 처리속도 등을 고려하여 7points/㎡의 고밀도 LiDAR 자료를 이용할 경우 다수의 개체를 추출할 수 있었다. 산악지형과 혼합지형이 대체적으로 평탄지형보다 점밀도가 높고 다수의 산림자원이 추출되었다. 또한 도엽별로 처리할 경우 경계지역에서의 개체를 추출 할 수 없었으며, 넓은 지역을 한번에 처리하기 보다는 처리시간과 대상지역의 특성을 고려하여 지역을 세분화하여 추출하여야 함을 알 수 있었다. 향후 산림자원 정보를 이용한 온실가스 흡수량에 대한 심도있는 연구가 이루어져야할 것이다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2013

고산지역 기후 환경에서 크리핑 벤트그래스품종의 생육특성을 비교 분석하여 그린과 페어웨이조건에 적합한 품종을 선발하기 위해본 실험을 실시하였다. 먼저 경기중부, 영서시내, 영서 고산지대의 기후환경 데이터를 비교 분석하였을 때, 고도에 따른 기후의 차이가 위도에 따른 지역 차이보다 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 영서산악지대에 USGA 방식의 그린용 지반과 캘리포니아식의 페어웨이 지반의 시험포장을 조성한 후 5가지 종류의 크리핑 벤트그래스 품종을 파종하여 두 지반에 따라 깎는 높이를 달리하여 3년간 생육기간의 품종별 생육특성을 비교 분석하였다. 봄철 그린 업 측정한 결과 'T-1'과 'CY-2'는 타 품종들 보다 좀 그린업이 빨랐으나 'Penncross'는 그린업이 가장 더딘 것으로 나타났다. 그린과 페어웨이 예고환경에서 비슷한 결과가 나타났다. 실험기간 중 'T-1' 품종이 전반적인 시각적 품질평가 결과와 전반적인 뿌리길이에서 가장 우수하였으나 하절기에는 'Penncross'의 뿌리 길이와 건중량이 높았고, 'Penn A-1' 품종이 가장 낮은 결과를 보였다. 전반적으로 페어웨이에서도 그린조건에서와 같이 'T-1', 'CY-2' 품종이 엽색, 피복도, 뿌리길이 등 양호한 생육특성을 보였다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.229-244
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• 2021

Background and objective: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze the user behavior in order to cope appropriately with the increasing demand for mountain usage of those in their 20s and 30s and to allocate resources efficiently. Methods: To analyze the behavior of mountain hiking users, an exploratory data analysis (EDA) was conducted on the data which had been collected in the app Tranggle. The main target are users in their 20s and 30s who visited the mountains in the metropolitan area in 2019-2020. Among them, we have selected data on the top 13 mountains based on the frequency of visits. After data pre-processing, mountain usage patterns were analyzed through statistical analysis and visualization. Results: Compared to 2019, the number of users in 2020 increased 1.36 times. The utilization rate of the well-established hiking trails has also increased. The usage of mountain on weekends (Saturday > Sunday) was still the highest, and the difference in the usage between the days of the week decreased. Outside of work hours, early morning usage has increased and night-time usage has decreased. There was no significant change in usages depending on activity type, level (experience point) and exercise properties. Conclusion: Since the COVID-19 outbreak, the usage of mountains has been changing towards low user density and short-distance trip. in the post-COVID-19 era, the function and role of forests in daily life are expected to increase. To cope with this, further research needs to be carried out with consideration of the wider demographic and social characteristics.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1990

The life of an equipment depends upon its operating characteristics and physical environment factors. This paper presents the economic life length of 2 1/2 ton truck considering the operation terrains. For this specific research, the operation terrains are categorized into seacoast area, mountain area and plain area. To compute the life length, the method of equivalent annual cost is employed. The sample vehicles from each corresponding area are randomly selected from those vehicles whose ages exceed 9 years. This research finds the following results : (1) The life length operated at seacoast area is 9.75 years, (2) The life length operated at mountain area is 11.25 years, (3) The life length operated at plain area is 14 years. This research argues that the key factor such as characteristics of operating enviroment for allocation of operating and maintaining cost should be considered.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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• pp.371-374
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• 1999

Mountain agricultural land should become to the land use considering natural environmental conditions with characteristics of natural suitability . In this study , an evaluation of natural suitability was done for Pyongchang-gun , Kangwon-Do which has a lot of mountain agricultural lands using GIS according to the kind of land use (paddy, field, ordinary upland field, grassland, orchard land, forest).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 1998

Characteristics of species distribution in the Baekdoo Great Mountain Chain of Kangwon Province were discussed. Resulting from Detrending Correspondence Analysis based on the floristic composition of 48 mountains, the mountains of the Baekdoo chain tended to aggregate on DCA axis. it represented that there was the peculiar floristic composition of the Baekdoo chain separated from the other mountains. High altitude, longitude near the East Sea and large number of vascular species were main factors for the distribution pattern. And exponential relationships between endemic rare species and number of species were clarified. Even though the regions of the Baekdoo Great Mountain Chain had been conserved relatively well, many regions have been faced to be disturbed for tourism, agriculture, forestry, livestock industry and mining since the local autonomy. Thusm, the necessity for the establishment of large area network through the connection of scattered protected areas in the Baekdoo Great Mountain Chain was suggested. it would play a role as a core of nature conservation to sustain species diversity in Korea.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.207-221
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• 2002

Wolaksan is a national park which has beautiful scenery with exposed rocks. The mountain is 1097 meters high and has 3 tops which are Jungang(the center), Arae(the lower part), Jjokduri. The highest point of the vertical cliff is 150m from the earth and the total circumferences of three tops is about 4km. These tops are easy to break by grains because they are from sedimentary rocks. Wolaksan is a bad mountain because the area is a Mosikjuk rocky area. However, the area around Wolaksan is thicky wooded and has many achievements and it makes good scenery. From top to southeastern, there are vertical cliff, The tops are originally from one but these are divided by partial weathering corrosion. The slide of path to Wolaksan is about 70。. The lower part of the mountain from Shinroksa to top has a gentle slope but there are a steep slope from the middle. Especially, the area has many rocks. The rocks of Wolaksan are almost granitic-gneiss or metamorphic rocks so it often fall down. Because of these fallen rocks, its valleys have great landscapes. The size of rock is less than 60cm. The landscapes of valleys such as Songgye, Dukju, Yonghwa are the main natural tourism resources.