• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.125-135
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• 2002

In most of the medical literature that discusses the common problem of movement in patients with cerebral lesions. This critical problem is ascribed to a mechanism involving uninhibited neural activity. The goals of neurological physical therapy are focus on reduce of muscle hypertonicity, facilitates muscle activities, and improve of performance in living environment. A variety of studies suggest that spasticity is a distinct problem and separate from the muscle weakness. It has become increasingly recognized that the major functional deficits following brain damage are largely due to negative features such as muscle weakness and loss of performance rather than spasticity. Adequate recruitment of prime mover, not release was able to carry out the movement tasks well. The strengthening exercise of spastic limbs on changes in muscle properties and performance skill, the repeated motor practice has been identified as crucial for motor recovery. This article support the concept that strengthening is an appropriate intervention to improve the quality of physical function in patients with central nervous system lesions. Further studies and therapeutic approaches should be efforts at improving motor neuron recruitment in agonist rather than reducing activity in antagonists while retraining muscle strengthening.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.202-209
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Choweseuncheng-tang on Underlying Edema and weakness by Deep Vein Thrombosis(DVT) in a 74-year-old female patient. Methods Patient was treated with Jowiseungcheong-tang. Patient's symptom was assessed NRS, Tape measurement, Motor grade. The treatment was executed three times everyday from May 19th to May 23th, 2017. Patient was observed from May, 18th to May, 23th. Results After 5 days of using Jowiseungcheng-tang, patient's edema symptoms and weakness were evaluated by NRS, Tape measurement, Motor grade. After the treatment, Tape measurement score decreased. The score of Motor grade increased. However, the score of NRS was nonsignificant. Conclusions The results suggest that Jowiseungcheng-tang can be a valuable option in treating Underlying Edema and weakness by DVT.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-33
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• 2005

Segmental zoster paresis (SZP) is a clinically rare complication of herpes zoster. But it has not been reported that acute cerebral motor cortical infarction coincidentally occurred in SZP. A 86-year-old woman was admitted due to pain, tingling sensation, and weakness of left arm. She had an acute onset of pain and tingling sensation in left arm at first day, shoulder weakness at second day, and multifocal vesicles at fourth day. Deep tendon reflexes of left arm were decreased than right. Electromyography showed an axonal polyneuropathy at superior trunk level of left brachial plexus. Median and ulnar sensory evoked potential tests were normal. Brain MRI showed a high signal in right primary motor cortex on diffusion weighted image. We report a case of acute cerebral motor cortical infarction coincidentally occurred in SZP.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.76-78
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• 2005

We report a rare case of cauda equina syndrome due to bilateral lumbar facet cyst. A 62-year-old woman has developed both legs sciatica 3 months prior to her visit, but recently motor weakness and voiding difficulty occurred. Lumbar magnetic resonance image showed bilateral lumbar facet cyst compressing and surrounding both L5 nerve root and accompanying spinal stenosis. Urgent decompressive laminectomy and cyst removal was performed. Although sciatica was relieved and motor weakness was recovered usefully. Voiding difficulty and dysesthesia were not improved.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.286-290
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• 2013

Air injected into the epidural space may spread along the nerves of the paravertebral space. Depending on the location of the air, neurologic complications such as multiradicular syndrome, lumbar root compression, and even paraplegia may occur. However, cases of motor weakness caused by air bubbles after caudal epidural injection are rare. A 44-year-old female patient received a caudal epidural injection after an air-acceptance test. Four hours later, she complained of motor weakness in the right lower extremity and numbness of the S1 dermatome. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no anomalies other than an air bubble measuring 13 mm in length and 0.337 ml in volume positioned near the right S1 root. Her symptoms completely regressed within 48 hours.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2005

Background: A nerve ligation injury may produce a tactile allodynia. The effects of intrathecally delivered lamotrigine on allodynia induced due to fifth and sixth lumbar spinal nerves ligation in rats, using lumbar intrathecal catheters were examined. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 160-180 g) were prepared by tightly ligating the fifth and sixth left lumbar spinal nerves, with the implantation of a chronic intrathecal catheter for drug administration. Mechanical allodynia and allodynic threshold were measured using von Frey filaments and the updown method, respectively. After the baseline hind paw withdrawal thresholds had been obtained, lamotrigine (10, 30, 100 and $300{\mu}g$) was administered intrathecally. Thereafter, the dose-response curves and 50% effective dose ($ED_{50}$) were obtained. Motor dysfunction was assessed by observing the righting/stepping reflex responses and abnormal weight bearing. Results: Intrathecal administration of lamotrigine produced a dose-dependent antiallodynic action ($ED_{50}=61.7{\mu}g$). Mild motor weakness was observed with $300{\mu}g$ lamotrigine, but no severe motor impairment was found. Conclusions: It is suggested that intrathecal lamotrigine could produce moderate antagonism of mechanical allodynia at the spinal level in a rat neuropathic pain model with minimal motor weakness.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.352-358
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• 2017

Frontotemporal dementia, the second most common cause of early onset dementia, is a neurodegenerative clinical syndrome characterized by progressive deficits in behavior, executive function and language. Although motor symptoms in frontotemporal dementia are represented by motor neuron disease, parkinsonism and progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome, there have been no reports of motor weakness caused by the direct involvement of central motor nervous systems in frontotemporal dementia. Moreover, no association between clinical dementia groups and complex regional pain syndrome has been reported. We diagnosed a rare case with motor weakness and complex regional pain syndrome of lower limbs due to central nervous system lesion in a patient with frontotemporal dementia by magnetic resonance imaging, electrodiagnostic study and three phase bone scan. Following steroid therapy for complex regional pain syndrome, pain was improved. Functional improvement was noted after rehabilitation therapy, including functional electrical stimulation, muscle strengthening exercise and gait training during hospitalization. This case report suggests that rehabilitation therapy for motor weakness in frontotemporal dementia could be effective for improving overall function.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2020

Cerebral vascular surgery can damage patients' motor and sensory nerves; therefore, neuromonitoring is performed intraoperatively. Patients with diabetes often have peripheral neuropathy and may be prone to nerve damage during surgery. This study aimed to identify factors that should be considered when diabetic patients undergo intraoperative neuromonitoring during brain vascular surgery and to present new criteria. Methods: In patients with and without diabetes who underwent cerebrovascular surgery (n = 30/group), we compared the intraoperative stimulation intensity, postoperative motor power and sensory, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glucose levels, and imaging findings. Results: Fasting glucose, blood glucose, and HbA1c levels were 10%, 12.1%, and 9.7%, respectively; they were higher in patients with than in patients without diabetes. Two patients with diabetes had weakness, and 10 required increased Somato sensory evoked potential (SSEP) stimulation, while in 16, motor power recovered over time rather than immediately. The non-diabetic group had no weakness after surgery, but 10 patients required more increased SSEP stimulation. The diabetic group showed significantly more abnormal test results than the non-diabetic group. Conclusion: For patients with diabetes undergoing surgery with intraoperative neuromonitoring, whether diabetic peripheral neuropathy is present, their blood glucose level and the anesthetic used should be considered.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.759-769
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the application of laplacian-regularized mean apparent propagator (MAPL)-MRI to brain glioma-induced corticospinal tract (CST) injury. Materials and Methods: This study included 20 patients with glioma adjacent to the CST pathway who had undergone structural and diffusion MRI. The entire CSTs of the affected and healthy sides were reconstructed, and the peritumoral CSTs were manually segmented. The morphological characteristics of the CST (track number, average length, volume, displacement of the affected CST) were examined and the diffusion parameter values, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), mean squared displacement (MSD), q-space inverse variance (QIV), return-to-origin probability (RTOP), return-to-axis probabilities (RTAP), and return-to-plane probabilities (RTPP) along the entire and peritumoral CSTs, were calculated. The entire and peritumoral CST characteristics of the affected and healthy sides as well as those relative CST characteristics of the patients with motor weakness and normal motor function were compared. Results: The track number, volume, MD, RD, MSD, QIV, RTAP, RTOP, and RTPP of the entire and peritumoral CSTs changed significantly for the affected side, whereas the AD and FA changed significantly only in the peritumoral CST (p < 0.05). In patients with motor weakness, the relative MSD of the entire CST, QIV of the entire and peritumoral CSTs, and the AD, MD, RD of the peritumoral CST were significantly higher, whereas the RTPP of the entire and peritumoral CSTs and the RTOP of the peritumoral CST were significantly lower than those in patients with normal motor function (p < 0.05 for all). In contrast, no significant changes were found in the CST morphological characteristics, FA, or RTAP (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: MAPL-MRI is an effective approach for evaluating microstructural changes after CST injury. Its sensitivity may improve when using the peritumoral CST features.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2018

Reversible conduction block (RCB) was rare in patients with acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN). A-46-year-old man presented with paresthesia, weakness, diplopia, and dysarthria. Nerve conduction study (NCS) exhibited axonal changes with conduction block in motor and sensory nerves. His symptoms were rapidly progressed and recovered. Conduction block was disappeared in the follow-up NCS performed after 2 weeks. The AMSAN case with RCB showed rapid progress and rapid recovery of clinical symptoms as acute motor axonal neuropathy patients with RCB.