• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was conducted to compare the object relations and parenting behavior of the mothers of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with that of the mothers with normal children. Methods : In this study, we studied 64 mothers of children who were diagnosed with ADHD and 90 mothers of normal children. The mothers completed the Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI), the Parenting Behavior Inventory (PBI), the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale. Results : As compared with the mothers of normal children, the mothers of children with ADHD showed significantly different results for the parenting stress and parenting efficacy. For parenting behavior, the mothers of children with ADHD perceived their mothering as being more neglectful. On the other hand, the mothers of the normal control group perceived their mothering as being more affectionate and the fathers as being more reasonable and monitoring. Conclusion : This study suggests there is a significant difference of object relation between the mothers of children with ADHD and the mothers with normal children. The object relation pathology of the mothers of children with ADHD might contribute to impaired parenting behavior. The result of the present study indicate that inadequate grandparental rearing behavior affects the insecure object relation of their child (the mother), and a mother's insecure object relation affects their parental stress and parenting efficacy.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.337-349
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• 2024

The aim of this study was to explore the mediating effects of adult attachment and marital satisfaction on the relationship between childhood maternal attachment and parenting behavior. A total of 372 mothers of preschoolers completed questionnaires on childhood maternal attachment, adult attachment, marital satisfaction, and parenting behavior. Adult attachment was analyzed by distinguishing between attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. Parenting behavior was categorized into positive and negative behaviors. For the main analyses, Preacher and Hayes's PROCESS macro program was used to examine serial mediating effects. The results revealed that attachment anxiety mediated the effects of mothers' childhood attachment experiences on both positive and negative parenting behavior. However, attachment avoidance only mediated the effects on positive parenting behavior. Marital satisfaction mediated the effects of mothers' childhood attachment experiences on both positive and negative parenting behavior. Notably, the sequential mediating effects of attachment anxiety and marital satisfaction were not significant for either positive or negative parenting behavior. By contrast, the sequential mediating effects of attachment avoidance and marital satisfaction were significant for both positive and negative parenting behavior. These findings elucidate the predictive factors for parenting behavior within a process model framework, providing valuable insights for parental education and counseling aimed at enhancing mothers' parenting practices.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify degrees of parenting stress, parenting efficacy, parenting behavior and parental satisfaction, and to identify factors influencing parenting satisfaction of mothers who had preschool children. Methods: The research participants were 176 mothers. All of mothers had preschool children, aged 2 to 6 years old, and attended one of 3 day care centers or 2 Kindergartens located in J city. Data were collected by convenience sampling using self-report questionnaires which contained items on general characteristics, parenting stress, parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, and parenting satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression. Results: The average level of parenting satisfaction of mothers with preschool children was $5.38{\pm}0.79$. Positive parenting behavior and affective parenting efficacy were verified factors influencing parental satisfaction. These factors accounted for 41.4% of parental satisfaction. Conclusion: The results indicate that positive parenting behavior and affective parenting efficacy have the biggest impact on parental satisfaction. The results of this study provide the basic data for the development of parental education program aimed at improving parental satisfaction of mothers who have preschool children.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.673-682
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to develop a model which explains factors influencing caring behavior of mothers who have children with disabilities, and to verify the appropriateness of the model and the relationship among variables. Methods: The participants in the research were the mothers who had a 3 to 12 yr-old children with disabilities. The data were collected from 451 mothers through self-reported questionnaires from July 14 to 31, 2008. A total of the 371 data sets were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 11.5 and AMOS 5.0 version. Results: The children's behavior characteristics, social support, objective burden and parenting self-esteem had an impact on the mothers' caring behavior. Especially, parenting self-esteem including parenting satisfaction and self-efficacy was the most influential factor. These variables explained 77% of the mothers' caring behavior for these children. Conclusion: The results suggest that some strategies for promoting mothers' parenting self-esteem focused on parenting satisfaction and self-efficacy should be developed in order to help mothers in caring for their child who is disabled.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine mothers' ideal and actual parenting behaviors toward their infants in three parenting domains; social, didactic, and limit setting. A total of 264 mothers of young children under age three from Seoul, Korea completed Parental Style Questionnaires (PSQ). Mothers' self report on their ideal and actual parenting were explored as a function of child sex, age, and birth order. As expected, there were significant differences between mothers' ideal and actual behaviors in all three parenting domains: Mothers' ideal behaviors such as social interaction, didactic interaction and limit setting were higher than those of their actual behaviors. For mothers' ideal parenting, results revealed neither significant main effects nor interaction effects. However, the Parenting Domain x Birth-Order 2-way interaction and the Parenting Domain x Child Age 2-way interaction were significant for mothers' actual behaviors. Specifically, mothers reported more social and didactic behaviors with their first-born than later born children, but not for limit setting behavior. It was also found that higher limit setting behaviors were apparent for their 2- and 3-year-old than 1-year old children whereas lower social interactions were found for 3-year-old than for 1-year-old. In light of universality and uniqueness, mothers' parenting behavior toward young children has been discussed.

• 아동학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.93-118
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• 2014

This study examined the relationships between parenting stress, parenting sense of competence, and parenting behavior in Korean and Japanese mothers of early school-aged children. A sample of 166 Korean mothers and 112 Japanese mothers completed questionnaires. First, in terms of results, Korean mothers reported higher scores in parenting stress, parenting sense of competence, and warmth and neglect than Japanese mothers did. In contrast, Japanese mothers scored higher on intrusiveness than Korean mothers. Second, for both groups, parenting stress was negatively related to warmth and reasoning, and positively related to intrusiveness, coercion, and neglect. Third, for both groups, parenting sense of competence was positively linked to warmth and reasoning, and negatively linked to intrusiveness, coercion, and neglect. Fourth, parenting stress was negatively associated with parenting sense of competence for both groups. Finally, parenting sense of competence mediated the associations between parenting stress and warmth for both groups. Only in the case of Korean mothers did parenting stress influence reasoning and intrusiveness through parenting sense of competence. These results imply that there may indeed be cross-cultural similarities and differences in three parenting-related variables between Korean and Japanese mothers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to build and test a theoretical model that could be used to explain and predict parenting behavior of mothers with preschool children. Methods: The participants were 298 mothers with preschool children. Data were analyzed using the SAS (Statistical Analysis System) and AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures) programs. Results: Parenting stress showed a direct effect on parenting satisfaction. Parenting efficacy showed a direct effect on parenting behavior. Parenting stress showed an indirect effect on parenting behavior. Parenting efficacy was found to mediate the relationship between parenting stress and parenting behavior. Income and mother's perfectionism had an impact on parenting behavior. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study indicate the necessity of designing intervention programs that emphasize increasing parenting efficacy in order to increase positive parenting behavior.

• 한국아동심리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.27-42
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• 2017

This study examined the mediating effects of self-esteem on the mothers' parenting behavior, emotional expression and the creative personality of the children. A survey was conducted in Kwang ju and Chonnam of 259 mothers with children from 3-5 years old. Based on the data, Pearson's correlations between variables were analyzed, and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to identify the direct and indirect effects of the mothers' parenting behavior, emotional expression and self-esteem on the creative personality of the children. The study found significant correlations among all four variables studied. In particular, self-esteem acted as a partial mediator in the relationship between the mothers' parenting behavior, emotional expression and creative personality of the children. The results suggest that increasing self-esteem in mothers may edify the creative personality in their children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.470-478
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe parenting stress in mothers of preschoolers who were born prematurely and to determine factors affecting parenting stress in child's problem behavior, mother-child interaction and parenting alliance. Methods: An exploratory survey study was conducted with 66 mothers of preschool children (5~6 years) with preterm births (PTB). Data were collected using Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Mother-Preschool Child Interaction Scale (MPIS), and Parenting Alliance Inventory (PAI). Results: Of the 66 mothers, 8(12.1%) showed high scores that were more than borderline for the PSI total score. In the multiple linear regression analysis, lower scores on the PAI (${\beta}=-.41$, p<.001), higher scores on the externalizing problem behavior of the CBCL (${\beta}=.40$, p=.001), and lower scores on the MPIS (${\beta}=-.21$, p=.043) were statistically significant contributors to maternal parenting stress. Conclusion: Findings indicate that mothers of PTB preschool children are at risk for parenting stress. Child's externalizing problem behavior, poor maternal-child interaction and parenting alliance were independent factors raising maternal parenting stress. More attention is needed on paternal parenting support, child's behavioral development, interaction with children for effective prevention and management of maternal parenting stress of PTB young children.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.23-40
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• 2008

This study investigated the beliefs in Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) of 447 mothers of 4- and 5- year-old children by mother's childhood experience, parenting efficacy, and parenting behavior. Results showed that mother's beliefs in DAP were related to children's age, early childhood educational institution, monthly household income, mother's educational background, mother's childhood experience, parenting efficacy, and parenting behavior. Mothers with higher beliefs in DAP were mothers of kindergarten rather than mothers of daycare children; they had 4 years or more college education, and more than $3000 monthly household income.