• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2010

To obtain the basic information for the use of bamboo, the anatomical characteristics of moso bamboo shoots, and 20-day-old, 60-day-old, one-year-old, and two-year-old moso bamboo were observed by using polarizing microscope. The cross section showed that the bamboo shoots consists of the early stage of cell formation, atactostele, parenchyma, and bundle sheath was formed in 20-day-old moso bamboo, and all cells completely formed in 60-day-old moso bamboo. The tissues in one-year-old moso bamboo appeared to be completely matured. On the tangential surface, no atactostele was observed in the bamboo shoot, but metaxylem, parenchyma, and bundle sheath were found. atactostele and parenchyma appeared to be formed between 20 and 60 days. All tissues and cells were totally formed and the cell wall of parenchyma were completely matured after one year. The metaxylem in bamboo shoots was observed to have pits, which means that it could be the tissues first formed of all bamboo cells.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2016

As a raw material for pulp and paper industry, Moso bamboo, Timber bamboo and Henon bamboo pulps were prepared by soda or soda-anthraquinone(Soda-AQ) pulping process. Soda-AQ pulp yields was higher in Henon bamboo (43.2%) than in Moso bamboo or Timber bamboo (32.7-39.2%), but quite lower than hardwood species. In Kappa number comparison, Henon bamboo pulp showed lower (16.6) with 50 min cooking to $170^{\circ}C$ than that of Moso bamboo (22.8) and Timber bamboo (18.9) with 90 min cooking to $170^{\circ}C$. Fiber length of Timber bamboo soda pulp had higher (1.46 mm) than that of Moso bamboo or Henon bamboo (1.18-1.36 mm). All three bamboo pulps showed longer average fiber length than commercial hardwood pulp. With higher pulp yield and lower Kappa number, Henon bamboo is better raw material for pulp than Moso bamboo and Timber bamboo.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2006

To use bamboo in the pulp industry, the anatomical characteristics of 60-day-old, 1-year-old, 2-year-old, and 3-year-old moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel), and the characteristics of fiber and sheet of alkali pulp made of moso bamboo were investigated. Moso bamboo is composed of metaxylens and parenchyma cells in the inner part of the wall, and thick-walled small bundle sheathes near the outer walls. Moso bamboo showed the heterogeneity in anatomical structure. The longest fibers were shown in the middle part, and the widest width in the inner part. The lignin contents were 14.4% in 60-day-old bamboo, which was not lignified yet. The lignin contents in bamboo above 1 year were approximately 35%. The yields of alkali pulp of moso bamboo were in the range between 41 and 47%, and the yields tend to decrease with the increase of ages. The lignin contents of 60-day-old bamboo were 2.1% and those of bamboo above 1 year showed approximately 4% to 5% increment. The length, width, and curl index of fiber in alkali pulp appeared to be similar in all ages. However, coarseness increased slightly with the increase of bamboo ages. The distribution of long fiber was shown much in 60-year-old bamboo. The optical and mechanical properties of moso bamboo tended to decrease with the increase of bamboo age.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.447-447
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• 2023

This study aimed to convert underutilized moso bamboo into high-value added products such as fences, interior materials, lighting fixtures, and accessories. Green moso bamboo poles with a diameter of approximately 10 cm and a length of approximately 3.7 m were heat treated at 140℃ using a large-scale kiln. The processing time was meticulously adjusted through various stages, including pretreatment (6-8 hours at 60℃), cooking (8-10 hours at 100℃), steaming (26-30 hours at 120℃), heating (4-6 hours at 140℃), and finally, cooling (below 80℃). A meticulously designed heat treatment process has enabled efficient mass production of moso bamboo poles with improved qualities, including minimal splitting, moisture levels below 3%, and a specific gravity of 1.05. The focus of this study was to present the physical and drying properties, such as color, dimensional change, specific gravity, moisture content, and splitting, observed during the heat treatment process.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2004

Wood veneer-bamboo zephyr composite board (WBCB) was manufactured to evaluate the properties of bamboo as alternative raw materials for the manufacture of composite panels. Bamboo zephyr was prepared using Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubesens Mazel. et Z), Giant timber bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc), and Hachiku bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra var. henosos Stapf). The effect of age and species of bamboo on zephyr production was investigated in terms of the pass number of bamboo split through the rollers, and the width increasing rate of bamboo split. Five-ply WBCBs were produced with Keruing veneers as face and back layers, leading to three layers of bamboo zephyr sheets as core layer. Each layer was placed so that its grain direction was at right angles to that of the adjacent layer and the layers were bonded together with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin.The pass number of bamboo split was increased with an increase of the thickness of culm wall. At the same thickness, Moso bamboo showed no effect of the age of bamboo on the pass number. The pass number of split of Giant timber bamboo was lower than that of Moso bamboo. No significant effect of bamboo species and age on the width of zephyr produced was observed. The width of zephyr obtained could be expressed as a function of diameter multiplied by thickness of culm wall. The physical and mechanical properties of WBCB manufactured in all given conditions did not show any significant differences, and they were above the requirement of Korean Standard (KS).

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2016

Moso Bamboo was investigated as the a raw material for pulp and paper industry. Soda-Anthraquinone (Soda-AQ) pulping, elemental chlorine free bleaching was applied. Yield of soda or soda-AQ pulp was 29.3-31.7% with Kappa number 33.0-22.8 with different cooking time or anthraquinone addition at 20% active alkali. In soda or soda-AQ pulping, 81-86% of xylan was removed, which was the main reason for lower pulp yield than hardwood species. Average fiber length of Moso Bamboo soda-AQ pulp was 1.36 mm with $15.5{\mu}m$ fiber width. Soda-AQ pulp from Moso Bamboo (P-3, lowest Kappa pulp) was bleached with 5.5-6.5% of chlorine dioxide charge as D0ED1 bleaching sequence. In 3-stages ECF bleaching, final brightness of 85.3% ISO was achieved with total chlorine dioxide 6.5%.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

Chemical composition and contents of carbohydrates, lignin, and extractives in Moso(Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel), Henon(Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis Stapf ex. Rendle), and Timber bamboo(Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc.) known as economically valuable bamboo species in Korea were analyzed as a function of ages. All of tested bamboo species were composed of fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose. Glucose was the sugar which showed the highest content followed by xylose. The contents of others were below 3%. Sugar contents of bamboo shoots showed the lowest among the tested bamboo samples, and the constant rates were shown after 50 days of growth. Lignin content increased by the growth of one year, and the increasing rates tended to be constant after the growth of three years. Bamboo shoots have the highest contents of acid-soluble lignin, which turned into insoluble lignin after the growth of 50 days. Bamboo shoots showed the highest content of extractives and tend to be decreased by the growth of 50 days and then the content increased slowly in proportion to the period of bamboo growth. No relationship was found between species and chemical composition of bamboo. However, there were significant difference in chemical composition between bamboo shoots and 50-day old bamboo.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2012

The bamboo fibers from three Korean bamboo species, Moso, Henon and Timber bamboo, were prepared by disintegration after thermal treatment. The samples were prepared according to the age of growth; bamboo shoots, 20 days and 50 days of growth. The fiber quality was also investigated by morphological and chemical analyses. There was no big difference in the dry mass of fibers among the three bamboo species. However, the dry mass of fibers from 50 days of growth was increased by 34%, whereas it was ranged in 9-20% in the case of fibers from bamboo shoots and 20 days of growth. In the results of morphological analysis, the fibers could be classified as the fibers from metaxylem, the fibers from parenchyma and the fines produced during disintegration. The fibers from 50 days of growth were separated from metaxylem, whereas the fibers from bamboo shoots and 20 days of growth were mainly consisted of fibers from metaxylem and parenchyma. The chemical analysis of fibers showed that the contents of carbohydrates, lignin and extractives were not much affected by thermal treatment.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2016

Hexeneuronic acid in soda-anthraquinone(AQ) pulps from Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescebs), Timber bamboo(Phyllostachys bambusoides) and Henon bamboo(Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis) was investigated with mercuric chloride hydrolysis and UV spectroscopic quantification. Concentration of hexeneuronic acid in bamboo pulps was $36.6-45.4{\mu}mol/g$, which contributed to 3.1-3.9 value increase of kappa number. Lower concentration of 4-O-methylglucuronic acid in bamboo xylan contributed to lower hexeneruonic acid content in bamboo pulps than those of hardwood(yellow poplar or eucalyptus) but higher than softwood(red pine).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2018

대나무는 생장이 빠르고, 벌목주기가 짧으며, 목재와 비교하여 가격이 저렴하다는 장점을 가지는 주요 바이오매스 자원 중 하나이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 대나무재의 효율적 활용을 위한 기초자료를 수집하기 위하여, 국내산 맹종죽(Phyllostachys pubescens)의 1년생~5년생까지 죽령별로 해부학적 특성을 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경으로 비교 분석하였다. 또한 셀룰로오스의 결정특성을 X선회절법에 의해 분석하였다. 횡단면 관찰 결과, 유관속초의 크기는 1년생이 가장 작았으며, 2년생 이후 유사하였다. 수 부분에서 표피부로 갈수록 유관속의 분포밀도가 높았고, 유관속초의 발달 형태가 뚜렷하게 달랐다. 특히, 1년생 수 부분 유관속 중 세포간극에 인접한 유관속초가 발달 되지 않은 유관속이 드물게 출현하는 것이 관찰되었다. 구성세포 치수 측정 결과, 섬유길이는 1년생이 가장 짧았으며, 모든 년생에서 표피부가 수 부분보다 길었다. 유관속의 방사 및 접선방향 폭은 모든 년생에서 접선방향 폭이 더 컸으며, 2년생부터는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 도관 직경 및 내층 두께는 1년생의 값이 가장 작았으며, 도관 직경은 2년생 이후, 내층 두께는 3년생 이후부터 유사한 값을 보였다. 상대결정화도는 모든 년생에서 표피부로 갈수록 높은 값을 보였으며, 1년생의 값이 가장 낮고, 2~5년생은 비슷한 값을 보였다. 결론적으로, 국내산 맹종죽은 죽령별로 조직구조에 있어 정성적 및 정량적 차이가 있었으며, 2~5년생의 특성은 비슷한 경향이 있었다. 따라서, 1년생은 미성숙한 상태이며, 2년생 이상의 대나무는 성숙한 상태로 조직구조적으로 안정된 특성을 갖는 것으로 사료된다.