• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2018

Our previous studies have confirmed that morroniside has neuroprotective effects. However, the effects of morroniside on cardiac myocardium remain unknown. Rats were anaesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (0.35~0.4 mL/kg) and an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was induced by ligating the anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Following AMI, morroniside was administered intragastrically for 3 consecutive days at doses of 45, 90 and 180 mg/kg, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) activities in AMI rats in the serum were detected with commercial kits. The expression of IL-6, $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in myocardium was detected by Western blotting analysis. We observed a significant decline in the Q(q) wave amplitude in morroniside-treated rats after 72 h. Additionally, treatment of morroniside decreased the levels of LDH and cTnT in AMI rats. We also observed that morroniside reduced the expression of IL-6, $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in myocardium. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that morroniside had effective anti-inflammatory properties in AMI rats.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cultivation site of Cornus officinalis (C. officinalis) by analyzing the contents of loganin and morroniside according to the cultivation environment of C. officinalis. The loganin and morroniside contents were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography. Mg content and pH in soil data were found to have the greatest effect on logainin content. In soil data, Mg, Na content, pH, salinity, silt ratio and clay ratio were found to have the greatest effect on morroniside content. Therefore, Mg content, pH, and clay ratio were found to have a high effect on the contents of loganin and morroniside, which are indicators of C. officinalis. In conclusion, Mg content, pH, and clay ratio in soil may have a high effect on the contents of loganin and morroniside, which are indicators of C. officinalis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.1018-1025
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• 2017

The present study collected 18 kinds of commercially circulated liquid Sansuyu (Corni fructus) in pouch form and conducted comparative analysis on markings and physicochemical characteristics in order to utilize this information as a base material for the development of Sansuyu liquid products. The most abundant valid substance was morroniside, followed by loganin and cornin, in that order. Total concentration of valid substances in Cornus fruit products produced in the Gurye region was 168.50 mg/100 g, which was significantly higher than the overall average of 130.89 mg/100 g. There were seven (1st) and seven (2nd) kinds that contained more morroniside than the overall average, six (1st) and four (2nd) kinds with more loganin than the overall average, and eight (1st) and one (2nd) kinds with more cornin than the overall average. There were also five types in which no loganin was detected. There were significant differences in the valid substances of most products according to production period. Overall, these results show that processing method standardization research on extraction conditions is needed to produce liquid Sansuyu products of excellent quality.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.349-360
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• 2024

Oxidative stress contributes to the onset of chronic diseases in various organs, including muscles. Morroniside, a type of iridoid glycoside contained in Cornus officinalis, is reported to have advantages as a natural compound that prevents various diseases. However, the question of whether this phytochemical exerts any inhibitory effect against oxidative stress in muscle cells has not been well reported. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate whether morroniside can protect against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in murine C2C12 myoblasts. Our results demonstrate that morroniside pretreatment was able to inhibit cytotoxicity while suppressing H₂O₂-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Morroniside also significantly improved the antioxidant capacity in H₂O₂-challenged C2C12 cells by blocking the production of cellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide and increasing glutathione production. In addition, H₂O₂-induced mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were effectively attenuated by morroniside pretreatment, inhibiting cytoplasmic leakage of cytochrome c and expression of ER stress-related proteins. Furthermore, morroniside neutralized H₂O₂-mediated calcium (Ca²⁺) overload in mitochondria and mitigated the expression of calpains, cytosolic Ca²⁺-dependent proteases. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that morroniside protected against mitochondrial impairment and Ca²⁺-mediated ER stress by minimizing oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in C2C12 myoblasts.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.317-321
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• 2006

In this study, we investigated whether glycyrrhizin, prunetin and morroniside affect mucin secretion from cultured airway epithelial cells and compared the possible activities of these agents with the inhibitory action on mucin secretion by poly-L-lysine (PLL) and the stimulatory action by adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Confluent primary hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled using $^{3}H-glucosamine$ for 24 h and chased for 30 min in the presence of varying concentrations of each agent to assess the effects on $^{3}H-mucin$ secretion. The results were as follows: 1) glycyrrhizin and morroniside increased basal mucin secretion from airway; 2) prunetin did not affect basal mucin secretion; 3) glycyrrhizin did not inhibit ATP-induced mucin secretion. We conclude that glycyrrhizin and morroniside can increase basal mucin secretion, by directly acting on airway mucin-secreting cells and suggest that two compounds be further investigated for the possible use as mild expectorants during the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.224-231
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• 2020

With the improvement in the standard of living and extension of life expectancy, the incidence of prostate diseases has increased yearly, thus becoming a serious disease affecting the health of men. The extract mixture of Cornus officinalis and Stauntonia hexaphylla leaves is a developed functional food formula to improve prostate health. This study developed a simultaneous analytical method of bioactive compounds for quantifying the mixture of Cornus officinalis and S. hexaphylla leaves using high-pressure liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV). HPLC analytical condition was performed on a Hector C₁₈ column with a mobile phase of 0.1 % formic acid in water (A) and 0.1 % formic acid in acetonitrile (B) under the following gradient conditions: 0-50 min, 12 %-40 % (B) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Meanwhile, this method was validated properly and successfully used to quantify the bioactive components of morroniside and hederacoside D in 20 sample batches and assess the quality of different ages and seasons of S. hexaphylla leaves. The result showed that the content of morroniside in the extract mixture of Cornus officinalis and S. hexaphylla leaves ranged from 1.38-1.62 mg/g, and the hederacoside D ranged from 28.42-32.02 mg/g, suggesting that this novel analytical method will be suitable for the quality control of the extract mixture to improve benign prostatic hyperplasia.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2022

Five secoiridoids (1-3, 5, 10), a iridoid (4) three flavonol glycosides (7-9) and a coumarin (6), were isolated from the flowers of Hydrangea paniculata. Their chemical structures were elucidated as kingiside (1), morroniside (2), sweroside (3), loganin (4), vogeloside (5), umbelliferone (6), quercetin-3-O-sambubioside (7), quercetin-3-O-neohesperidoside (8), kaempferol 3-O-sambubioside (9) and secologanin dimethyl acetal (10), respectively, by spectroscopic analysis. All isolated compounds 1-10 were assessed for their ability to induce C2C12 myotube hypertrophy. Among them, loganin (4) and kaempferol 3-O-sambubioside (9) increase the diameter of C2C12 myotubes. All isolated compounds 1-10 were firstly reported from the flowers of Hydrangea paniculata, and the skeletal muscle hypertrophic activity of 4 and 9 was also reported for the first time.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.182-190
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• 2014

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS) method was established for quantitative analysis of twelve components, allantoin (1), morroniside (2), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) (3), loganin (4), coumarin (5), cinnamic acid (6), mesaconitine (7), cinnamaldehyde (8), hypaconitine (9), aconitine (10), alisol B (11), and alisol B acetate (12) in a Palmijihwang-hwan decoction. The twelve constituents were separated on a UPLC BEH C18 column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) at a column temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ by gradient elution with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min and the injection volume was $2.0{\mu}L$. Calibration curves of all compounds were acquired with values of the correlation coefficient ${\geq}0.99$ within the test ranges. The limits of detection and quantification for all analytes were 0.01 - 4.53 ng/mL and 0.03 - 13.60 ng/mL, respectively. The concentrations of the compounds 1 - 9 and 12 were 72.83, 4389.00, 4859.00, 3155.17, 223.67, 33.50, 1.97, 518.00, 2.25, and $25.00{\mu}g/g$, respectively. However, compounds 10 and 11 were not detected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.1061-1070
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• 2017

This study examined the physicochemical properties and protective effects of Corni fructus treated with pressurized-steam (through $121^{\circ}C$, $1.2kgf/cm^2$, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h) against $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity on L132 cells. The color values of the untreated Corni fructus powder were higher than those of Corni fructus after the pressurized-steam treatment (PSC), and those of PSC improved with a decrease in treatment time. At the observation by pressurized-steam treatment for more than 2 h, the color was changed to black, and its gloss was lost. The major constituents in PSC (2 hours) were the total sugar (468.53 mg/g), reducing sugar (385.55 mg/g), and total phenol (37.32 mg/g), respectively. The main components in the free sugars of PSC (2 h) were fructose, glucose, and sucrose, at 207.72 mg/g, 219.40 mg/g, and 4.31 mg/g, respectively. The gallic acid in the phenol compounds and 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural in the furan compounds of PSC (2 h) improved with increasing treatment time. The main components in iridoid glycoside of PSC (2 h) were morroniside, loganin, and lognic acid, which improved with decreasing treatment time. The L132 cell growth inhibition activities of all the extracts were significantly higher than that of the control. The protective effects against the $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity on L132 cells of PSC (2 h) was 102.82% (at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$) higher than those of the other extracts. This suggests that Corni fructus by PSC is useful for functional food materials in the food industry.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.287-297
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• 2021

Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc. is traditionally used as an edible and medicinal plant in many countries in East Asia. Previous studies have shown the pharmacological potential of extracts and components of C. officinalis, but comparative analysis of the composition of the leaf, stem, and fruit extracts has been insufficient to date. In the present study, the content of active antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients was verified in different C. officinalis parts (under-ripe sansuyu, ripe sansuyu, seed, leaf, stem, and dried sansuyu). One active component, morroniside, was high in fruit (under-ripe and ripe sansuyu), while loganin was high in fruit (under-ripe sansuyu) and cornin was high in seeds. Total polyphenol contents were highest in fruit (ripe sansuyu) and flavonoids were highest in leaves. DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest in leaves, followed by seeds and then ripe sansuyu extract. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of leaf extracts of C. officinalis (LCO) was further investigated by measuring their effects on levels of nitric oxide (NO) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of LCO effectively decreased the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inducible NO synthase, resulting in decreased NO production. LCO also significantly suppressed LPS-induced production and expression of IL-1β and IL-6. Taken together, the present findings suggest that C. officinalis leaves have potential as natural materials for the development of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.