• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2018

Laboratory inbred mice are used widely and commonly in biomedical research, but inbred mice do not have a big enough gene pool for the research. In this study, genetic and morphometric analyses were performed to obtain data on the characteristics of a newly developing inbred strain (KWM/Hym) captured from Chuncheon, Korea. All of five Korean wild male mice have the zinc-finger Y (ZfY) gene. Also, all of 19 Korean wild mice used in this analysis have the AKV-type murine leukemia virus gene, indicating that Korean wild mice might be Mus musculus musculus. To identify the genetic polymorphism in KWM/Hym, SNP analysis was performed. In a comparison with 28 SNP markers, there was a considerable difference between KWM/Hym and several inbred strains. The homogeneity between KWM/Hym and the inbred strains was as follows: C57BL/6J (39.3%), BALB/c AJic (42.9%), and DBA/2J (50%). KWM/Hym is most similar to the PWK/PhJ inbred strain (96.4%) derived from wild mice (Czech Republic). To identify the morphometric characteristics of KWM/Hym, the external morphology was measured. The tail ratio of male and female was $79.60{\pm}3.09$ and $73.55{\pm}6.14%$, respectively. KWM/Hym has short and agouticolored hairs and its belly is white with golden hair. Taking these results together, KWM/Hym, a newly developing inbred mouse originated from wild mouse, might be use as new genetic resources to overcome the limitations of the current laboratory mice.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 1989

Four external and 22 cranial characters of 279 specimens representing 24 species of six orders of Korean mammals were measured. The data were analyzed by phenetic methods such as ordination as well as clustering techniques. Morphological distances were also calculated. Phenetic studies yield taxonomic placements of Siberian mink, Palearetic squirrel, and big white-toothed shrew which are incorrect. Morphological differences among Korean mammals at ordinal level in the taxonomic hierarchy are larger than those among other mammals: morphological differences below ordinal level are comparable to those among other mammals. Average taxonomic distances and morphological differences among Korean mammals at various levels in the taxonomic hierarchy are jointly monotonic, although the value of Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient between average taxonomic distance matrix and morphological difference marrix is 0.59.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 1999

Specimens of five species of Apodemus(A. agrarius, A. chevrieri, A. draco, A. latronum, and A. peninsulae) from east Asia (Korea and China) were used for numerical taxonomic analyses with 31 external and cranial characters. Two groups and eight subgroups within them were recognized: [I; a large-size form; (A. agrarius chejuensis), (A. chevrieri), (A. draco orestes and A. latronum), and(A. peninsulae peninsulae and A. p. preator)], [II; a small-size form; (A. agrarius coreae), (A. agrarius manchuricus, A. a. ningpoensis, and A. a. pallidior), (A. draco draco), and (A. peninsulae sowerbyi)]. Conclusions based on morphometric analyses are such as followings: 1) Morphometric characters appeared not to be useful in order to distinguish two subgenera in Apodemus (Apodemus and Alsomys), 2) further analysis is necessary to determine whether or not A. draco and A. latronum are conspecific, and 3) A. a. chejuensis is in morphometric characters the largest form among five species of Apodemus studied. Moreover, it is confirmed: 1) A. agrarius, A. chevrieri, and A. peninsulae are distinct species, 2) A. draco and A. latronum are not conspecific with A. peninsulae. 3) Three forms of A. agrarius (large-size form, medium-size form, and small-size form) can be recognized as three subspecies [(A. a. chejuensis), (A. agrarius coreae), and (A, a, ningpoensis including A. a. manchuricus and A. a. pallidior)], 4)A. draco draco and A. draco orestes are distinct subspecies, 5) A. peninsulae peninsulae (including A. p. preator) and A. p. sowerbyi are distinct subspecies.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.231-243
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• 1994

Samples of Siberian chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus borberi ) from Korea were analyzed by multivariate, air-drying , and blot-hybridization methods in order to determine the degree of variations of morphological characters, chromosomal karyotype, and mtDNA restriction fragment patterns, respectively, Moreover, morphometric characters of samples of Siberian chipmunks from Manchuria(T.sibiricus orientalis) were also analyzed in order to clarify the taxonomic status of the subspecies barberi. Siberian chipmunks from six localities in Korea were in morphometric characters more or less similar with one another and Siberian chipmunks from Manchuria were not so distinct enough to from a subgroup. Siberian chipmunks from Four localities in Korea were identical in their karyotypes (2n=38) : samples from three localities in Korea were nore or less similar in their mtDNA fragment patterns. Siberian chipmunks from Korea appeared to be a omogeneous population and as noted by Corbet (1978) subspecies barberi is the synonym of subspecies orientalis. The scientific name of Siberian chipmunks from Korea and Manchuria is T. sibiricus orientalis, although systematic studies with the samples from North korea, Manchuria and China will be necessary for their taxonomic reconsideration.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 1996

Four external and 27 cranial characters of Korean field mice (Apodemus peninsulae) from nine regions in China and Korea, representing three subspecies, were analyzed by multivariate methods. Four size-forms were recognized a largest-size form Mt. Weolak and Yeoncheon in Korea (= subspecies peninsulae) and Kirin and Heilung in China (= subspecies praetor), a large-size form from Inner Mongolia in China (= subspecies praetor) and Sanxi and Sandong in China (= subspecies sowerbyi), a middle-size form from Beijing in China (= subspecies sowerbyi), and a small-size form from Xinjiang in China (= subspecies sowerbyi). Although Corbet (1978) recognized only two subspecies in A. peninsulae, subspecies peninsulae and sowerbyi, within its distributional range in the continent of Asia, it was revealed in this study with morphometric characters that A. peninsulae could not be classified simply into two subspecies, because subspecies praetor and subspecies sowerbyi formed the large-size form and because subspecies sowerbyi was so diverse in its morphology as to be composed of three size-forms. Further analyses with the samples from other regions of China and Russia seem to be necessary to clarify the taxonomy of A. peninsulae.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.317-325
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• 2016

Increased access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has made the management of drug toxicities an increasingly crucial component of HIV. This study investigated the effects of adjuvant use of coconut oil and HAART on testicular morphology and seminal parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats. Twelve adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 153~169 g were distributed into four groups (A-D) and treated as follows: A served as control (distilled water); B (HAART cocktail-Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine); C (HAART + Virgin coconut oil 10 mL/kg) and D (Virgin coconut oil 10 mL/kg). After 56 days of treatment, animals were killed and laparotomy to exercise the epididymis for seminal fluid analyses done whilst testicular tissues were processed for histo-morphometric studies. Result showed a significant decline in sperm motility (P < 0.05) and count (P < 0.0001) in HAART-treated animals while there was insignificant changes in other parameters in groups C and D except count that was reduced (P < 0.0001) when compared with controls. Histomorphological studies showed HAART caused disorders in seminiferous tubular architecture with significant (P < 0.01) decline in epithelial height closely mirrored by extensive reticulin framework and positive PAS cells. Adjuvant Virgin coconut oil + HAART resulted in significant decrease in seminiferous tubular diameter (P < 0.05), but other morphometric and histological parameters were similar to control or Virgin coconut oil alone (which showed normal histoarchitecture levels). While derangements in testicular and seminal fluid parameters occurred following HAART, adjuvant treatment with Virgin coconut oil restored the distortions emanating thereof.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.113-126
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• 2017

The purpose of the study was to find grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume reduction in the brain reward system among patients with alcohol dependency. This study investigated regional GM and WM in chronic alcoholic patients, focusing primarily on the reward system, including principal components of the mesocorticolimbic reward circuit as well as cortical areas with modulating and oversight functions. Sixteen abstinent long-term chronic alcoholic men and demographically matched 16 healthy control men participated in the study. Morphometric analysis was performed on magnetic resonance brain scans using voxel-based morphometry (VBM)-diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration through Exponentiated Liealgebra (DARTEL). We derived GM and WM volumes from total brain and cortical and subcortical reward-related structures. Morphometric analyses that revealed the total volume of GM and WM was reduced and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was increased in the alcohol group compared to control group. The pronounced volume reduction in the reward system was observed in the GM and WM of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), GM of the amygdala, GM and WM of the hippocampus, WM of the thalamus, GM and WM of the insula, GM of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), GM of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), GM of the cingulate cortex (CC), GM and WM of the parahippocampal gyrus in the alcohol group. We identified volume reductions in WM as well as GM of reward system in the patients with alcohol dependency. These structural deficits in the reward system elucidate underlying impairment in the emotional and cognitive processing in alcoholism.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.302-314
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• 2023

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to classify the shapes of retromolar pads and assess their morphometric differences using a 3D model. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two hundred fully edentulous or Kennedy Class I partially edentulous patients (400 retromolar pads) were enrolled. Scan data of the definitive mandibular casts produced through functional impressions were obtained using a 3D laser scanner. Seven parameters (transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, transverse-contour length, longitudinal-contour length, longitudinal/transverse diameter ratio, longitudinal/transverse-contour length ratio, and angle of the retromolar pad line to the residual alveolar ridge line) were measured using image analysis software. Subsequently, the pads were classified according to the shape. Statistical analyses were performed using 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS. Classifying the retromolar pads into three shapes led to high intra-examiner reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.933). The pear shape was the most common (56.5%), followed by oval/round (27.7%) and triangular (15.8%) shapes. There were no significant differences between the left and right sides according to the shape and no significant differences in any parameter according to age. The transverse diameter and longitudinal/transverse diameter ratio differed between sexes (P < .05). The triangular shape had a significantly different transverse diameter, transverse-contour length, longitudinal/transverse diameter ratio, and longitudinal/transverse-contour length ratio compared with the pear and oval/round shapes (P < .05). CONCLUSION. From a clinical reliability standpoint, classifying retromolar pads into three shapes (oval/round, pear-shaped, and triangular) is effective. The differences in the sizes among the shapes were attributed to the transverse measurement values.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.341-355
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• 1998

Thirty one morphometric characters of specimens in 15 subspecies of striped field mouse(Apodemus agrarius Pallas) from Eurasia were analyzed to clarify taxonomic status of these subspecies. Five major subgroups in A. agrarius were revealed: I, a largest-size form, specimens from two southern from other six localities in Korea, subspecies coreae and pallescens; III, the other large-size from, specimens from Astrachan in western Russia, subspecies volgensis; IV, a medium-size form, specimens from 16 localities in eastern Asia(North Korea, China, and eastern Russia), subspecies coreae, manchuricus, pallidior, ningpoensis, and insulaemus; V, a small-size form, specimens from 16 localities in western Asia and Europe (Kazakhstan, Russia, Lithuania, and Ukraine), subspecies tianschanicus, ognevi, agrarius, septentrionalis, nikolski, caucasicus, and karelicus. From this morphometric analyses, the followings are concluded: subspecies chejuensis is a larger-size form, as noted by Johnson and Jones(1955): subspecies pallescens is the synonym of subspecies agrarius, as suggested by Koh(1986): subspecies coreae from Korea is a large-size form and is idistinct from other 12 subspecies in Eurasia: the eastern form of subspecies ningpoensis by Corbet(1978) is a medium-size form o subspecies manchuricus, pallidior, ningpoensis, and insulaemus from eastern Asia (China and eastern Russia), and it includea North Korea specimens: a small-size form from western Asia and Europe(subspecies tianschanicus, ognevi, agrarius, septentrionalis, nikolski, caucasicus, and karelicus) is the western form of subspecies agrarius by Corbet(1978); the other large-size form of subspecies volgensis from western Russia is a distinct subspecies, which differs from the western subspecies agrarius. Therefore, it is concluded that 15 subspecies of A. agrarius can be classifed into five subspecies (chejuensis, coreae, ningpoensis, agrarius, and volgensis), although it is necessary to measure and analyze morphometric characters of specimens of other seven subspecies(albostriatus, maculatus, rubens, kahmanni, henrici, gloveri, and harti) for the complete reclassification of this species).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 1993

Some multivariate discriminant analyses were done for each population of the native honeybee workers (Apis cerana), which were selected for 11 different localities in spring and 12 in summer from Korea. When the comparison for different localities was conducted, the correct assignment was averaged at 91.67% in spring and 88.44% in summer. And for the comparison between the 2 different seasons, it was averaged at 97.58%. Whereas, that regardless of seasons revealed the lowest correct assignment at 70.16%.