• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.825-833
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• 2013

In this study, the dyeing properties of Phellodendron amurense on cotton and silk fabrics were evaluated to establish a scientific database of dyeing methods using natural dyes with the ultimate aim of facilitating the practical use of these dyes. The optimal thickener and dyeing concentrations depending on the thickener type were identified when dyeing with P. amurense, and the fabric color, color fastness, and antibiosis were examined for various thickeners, fabrics, and mordants. The results were as follows.: The optimal concentrations of thickeners when dyeing on cotton and silk fabrics were CMC 3% (w/w), Mayprogum 7% (w/w), and Indalka 9% (w/w). The optimal concentration of P. amurense was 25% (w/w), irrespective of the type of thickener. To maintain the hue unique to P. amurense, thickening with Mayprogum or Indalka and mordanting with Al was effective for cotton, while thickening with Mayprogum or Indalka and mordanting with Al or thickening with CMC and mordanting with gallnut was effective for silk. The dry-cleaning fastness and abrasion resistance of cotton fabrics dyed with P. amurense were excellent at the 4-5 level. Gallnut was effective for washing fastness and perspiration fastness against color degradation, and FFC was effective for light fastness. The washing fastness, dry-cleaning fastness, abrasion resistance, and perspiration fastness of silk fabrics dyed with P. amurense were excellent at level 4, except for washing and perspiration fastness, and FFC was effective for the improvement of light fastness. Dyeing cotton and silk fabrics with P. amurense thus yielded antibiosis and excellent washing fastness.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.540-549
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• 2005

It was the purpose of this study to investigate the effect of chitosan treatment and mordanting on the air-permeability, fastness of the dyestuff to washing, fastness of the dyestuff to light, and antimicrobial effect of cotton and nylon fabrics dyed using Rhusjara ica. In the dyeing experiment, examinations were made on the difference between the chitosan treated fabrics and chitosan untreated fabrics, and on the difference according to the type of mordanting agents and the mordanting methods. Dyeing was carried out for the chitosan treated and untreated fabrics under the conditions of non-mordanting and Al, Sn, Fe mordanting. As a result, due to the dye-uptake of the dyestuff component of the Rhusjara ica, the air-permeability values decreased considerably. And due to the action of the mordanting agents, the air-permeability decreased also. The air-permeability decreased more conspicuously in the case of the dyestuffs uptake to the chitosan components than in the case of the dyestuffs uptake to the cotton fibers or nylon fibers. Nylon dyed fabric exhibited better wash fastness than the cotton dyed fabric. As the number of washing increased, the color of the cotton fabric specimens and nylon fabric specimens, dyed using Rhusjara ica, shifted toward yellowish. The light fastness values were in the range of grade 1${\~}$2, which were very inferior. The light fastness values did not improve according to the mordanting or to the chitosan treatment. In the case of chitosan untreated fabrics dyed using Rhusjara ica, the growth rate of the bacteria promoted, on the contrary, compared to that of the control white fabric.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-63
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• 1994

128 freshly extracted human molars were used to study the interaction between dentinal smear layer removal with various agents, and the shear bond strength of a light cured glass ionomer cement to dentin. It was proposed that the removal of smear layers using acidic cleaners followed by incorporation of Fe mordant with dentin could enhanced the infiltration of monomer component in light curing glass ionomer cement and resulted in a high bond strength. For the first treatment process for removal of smear layers on the surfaces of dentin, 50 % citric acid, 10% maleic acid and 10 % phosphoric acid were used, and for the second treatment process, 15% ferric chloride, 6.8% ferric oxalate or 30% potassium oxalate were used. Distilled water was used as a control. After double sequential treatment on dentin, a light curing glass ionomer cement was bonded to dentin. After being immersed in water at 31'C for 24 hours, shear bond strengths were measured Instron testing machine(Model No.4202, USA). Surface changes were also observed using SEM (Hitachi, S-2300, Japan) after treatment process with each agents. The following conclusions were drawn : 1. Dentin surface cleaned with maleic acid and treated with ferric oxalate showed the highest bond strength with light curing glass ionomer cement. 2. Bond strengths of glass ionomer cement to dentin treated with maleic acid or citric acid were the highest, and that treated with phosphoric acid showed the lowest. 3. The effect of ferric oxalate on shear bond strength to dentin was always higher than that of ferric chloride. 4. The smear layers were clearly removed and the orifices of dentinal tubules were opened widely by the citric acid, maleic acid and phosphoric acid. 5. The orifices of dentinal tubules opened after using the first solution were closed with the treatment of ferric chloride. 6. The precipitate like crystals were formed on dentin surfaces and tubules, but a significant decrease in bond strength of glass ionomer cement to dentin surface treated with potassium oxalate.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.83-100
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• 2003

It has been known that the chitosan pre-treated fabrics can be dyed without the aid of mordanting process. It is due to the fact that chitosan treatment increases the dye uptake. However, the effect of chitosan on the dyeing mechanism has not been elucidated thus far. Following explanations have been presented regrading the action of the chitosan on the dyeing mechanisms: 1. Chitosan absorbs dyestuffs and facilitates dyeing since the chitosan itself has a good affinity toward dyestuffs. 2. Chitosan acts as a metallic mordant between the fiber molecule and dyestuff. 3. Fiber molecules and chitosan form a coordinate covalent bond. This study aims the quantitative investigation on the effect of the chitosan and the effect of sequence of the mordanting, pre-mordanting or post-mordanting, on the dyeing of the fabrics. Cotton fabrics and acylic fabrics were pre-treated with chitosan before dyeing with cochineal dyestuffs. Method 1: Fabrics were, firstly, mordanted with Al, Sn, Cu, and Fe; mordanted fabrics were, secondly, treated with chitosan; mordanted and chitosan-treated fabrics were, thirdly, dyed. Method 2: Fabrics were, firstly, treated with chitosan; chitosan-treated fabrics were, secondly, mordanted with Al, Sn, Cu, and Fe; these were dyed then. Method 2 gave distinguished specific color development with darker shade. Apart from this, chitosan-treated fabrics yielded darker shade compared to the pre-mordanted fabrics without chitosan-treatment.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1999

This study investigated the mordanting effect of natural mordants such as camellia ash, bean chaff ash and pyrolignite of iron(Iron(II) Acetate) on silk fabrics dyed with green tea extracts. Experimental variables include the conditions of extraction and dyeing, and types of natural mordants. Inorganic ion contents In natural mordants were analysed by Induced Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer. In the ash Al, Fe, Si and Mn were in % unit, Cr and Ni were detected in ppm unit, and in the aqueous extracts of the ash all the metal ions were in ppm unit. On the other hand, fairly high content of Al(2.13% ) in camellia ash extract and Fe(7.91% ) in the aqueous extracts of pyrolignite iron were detected. The absorbance intensity of green tea extracts in UV-Visible spectrum increased with the temperature and time of extraction. The maximum absorption wavelength of the extracts appeared at 272.5nm and 210.5nm. The US values of silk fabrics dyed with green tea extracts were increased with temperature and time of dyeing. Surface color of silk fabric dyed with green tea extracts was 9.1YR, but it was changed from 7.9YR to 7.5YR by camellia ash extract and 7.4YR to 6.4YR by bean chaff ash extract with increase in mordant concentration. Pre-mordanted and post-mordanted fabrics with pyrolignite of iron were changed from 1.4YR to 1.1R and 7.2P to 4.2P, respectively.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.707-728
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• 2024

This study aimed to assess the colorizing properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) using plant-based dyes, namely spinach, beet, and banana peel, and determine the dyeing conditions of each dye based on color strength (K/S) values. Tannic acid and walnut shell powder were utilized as bio-mordants, and their effects on the dyeability of BC were compared to metallic mordants. Additionally, the type of mordant and the mordanting method were assessed according to their rubbing fastness and dry-cleaning fastness. The K/S values of the colorized and mordanted BCs were also compared to examine their mordanting conditions. Finally, the mordanting conditions for spinach, beet, and banana peel dyeing were selected as post-mordanting with tannic acid, meta-mordanting with tannic acid, and post-mordanting with walnut shell powder, respectively. Based on the results, the selected mordanting conditions improved both rubbing fastness and dry-cleaning fastness of BCs to grade 5, and the light fastness achieved grade 4-5. The tensile strength and flexibility of the dyed BCs were also enhanced and comparable to that of untreated cowhide leather.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.139-142
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• 2006

항 식중독균성 수건 및 행주를 개발하기 위하여 이질풀 추출액 1%로 50-60에서 60분간 염색한 면직물의 염색성과 항균성을 조사하였다. 면직물의 표면색은 무매염, 명반 매염, 수산화칼슘 매염시는 그레이-옐로우로 황색계열을 나타냈으며, 황산구리 매염시는 그레이-브라운, 황산제1철 매염시는 그레이드-그린으로 나타났다. 이질풀 추출액으로 염색한 면직물의 hue 값은 20회 세탁까지는 Y계열을 나타내었으며, 30회와 40회 세탁시는 YR계열을 나타내었다. 이질풀 추출액으로 염색한 면직물은 황색포도상구균, 대장균 및 살모넬라균에 대해 무세탁시 모두 99.99%의 항균성을 보였다 세탁 30회 후의 항균성은 52.91%이상을 나타내었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.598-605
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• 2001

The study that has been conducted is the consideration of the durability of dye, antibacterial activity, and deodorizing effects of cotton and silk textiles dyed with a botanical dying material that has been used in various ways over the years as Korean diet and folk remedies, the pomegranate. 1. The results of the K/S value of dying according to the types of mordants of textiles dyed with pomegranate extract the following have been discovered: The increase of K/S value of dying of the silk textiles appear to be higher than that of the cotton textiles. Next, silk textiles that have been treated with FeSO$_4$.7$H_2O$ appear to be at the highest. 2. The results of the color change measurement show a difference of color can be noticed according to the types of mordant. As opposed to those textiles that had been only scured textiles, all of the dyed textiles appeared to turn yellow. 3. Textiles that had been treated with $K_2$Cr$_2$O(sub)7 recorded the highest durability according to the colorfastness to light results. In the case of the cotton textiles colorfastness to washing, all appeared to show exceptional results of 3rd class or higher, excluding the textiles that had been treated FeSO$_4$.7$H_2O$. However silk textiles recorded relatively low classes of below 3rd to 4th class. For the colorfastness to washing of pollution, the results for both the cotton and silk textiles were excellent at class 4-5. The results of colorfastness to perspiration, colorfastness to rubbing, and colorfastness to dry cleaning showed comparatively exceptional results of 3rd to 4th class or higher when it came to dyed textiles. 4. According to the measurements of antibiosis, dyed textiles that had been treated with SnCl$_2$.2$H_2O$ appeared to show an exceptional bacterium decrease of approximately 70%. 5. According to the deodorizing measurements, dyed silk textiles appeared to have a higher deodorizing effect than cotton textiles. As for cotton textiles, those that had been treated with FeSO$_4$.7$H_2O$ and in the case of dyed silk textiles those that had been treated SnCl$_2$.2$H_2O$ recorded the highest deodorizing effect.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2006

일반적으로 동물성 섬유(견, 모)는 단백질 섬유로서 매염제를 쓰지 않고도 염색이 잘되는 편이지만, 식물성 섬유인 면, 마 등은 섬유소이므로 색소의 흡착이 불량하여 염색성이 우수한 염색 보조제로 전처리 한 다음, 주매염제를 처리해야 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 식물성 섬유의 일종인 인피섬유로 이루어진 한지의 천연염색 효과 향상을 위해 염색 보조제로 콩즙, 탈지분유 및 키토산을 한지에 전처리를 한 다음, 황벽나무 수피, 찔레나무 지엽, 꼭두서니 및 자초 뿌리로부터 염료를 추출하고 $Al_2(SO_4)_3$와 $Fe(OH)(CH_3COO)_2$를 매염제로 사용하여 염색한 한지의 염색특성과 견뢰도를 분석하였다. 천연염색 한지의 색상 및 색차 분석결과 염색 보조제를 사용한 것이 모든 염료에서 무처리 시료보다 염색이 양호하였으며, 사용한 염색 보조제 중에서는 콩즙으로 전처리한 시료가 가장 우수한 염색 효과를 나타내었다. 촉진노화 시험을 통한 천연염색 한지의 견뢰도를 분석한 결과 자초가 가장 불량한 것으로 나타났으며, 꼭두서니가 비교적 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.527-533
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• 2017

의류 산업의 발전과 함께 다양한 염료를 이용한 염색 기술이 개발되어 왔다. 최근 합성색소의 인체에 대한 유해성으로 인하여 천연색소에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있으며, 이에 미생물 색소의 개발과 활용이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해양세균 Microbulbifer sp. PPB12 균주가 생산하는 보라색 천연색소를 이용하여 다섬교직포에서 염색 효과와 생리활성을 평가하였다. 보라색 색소는 Microbulbifer sp. PPB12 균주를 Marine broth 2216을 이용하여 3일 동안 배양 후 에탄올을 이용하여 추출하였다. 20% 에탄올에 녹인 보라색 색소는 다섬교직포의 면, 아세테이트 특히 나일론에 우수한 염착력을 나타내었고, 최적의 염색조건은 염색온도 $80-90^{\circ}C$, 염색시간 1시간 이상, pH 4-6, 욕비 1:25로 나타났다. 매염처리는 $Na_2SO_4$를 사용하여 염색 10분 후 후매염 처리 하는 것이 색상 발현에 더 적합하였으나 매염제를 처리하지 않은 경우와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 보라색 색소는 B. subtilis에서 항균성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과, 본 해양 세균 색소는 항균성이 부가된 천연 섬유 염색제로 이용 가능성이 확인되었다.