• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1104-1113
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• 2014

The effects of feeding pelleted citrus pulp (PCP) as a natural antioxidant source on the performance and milk quality of dairy cows fed highly polyunsaturated fatty acid (FA) diets were evaluated. Four lactating Holstein cows were assigned to a $4{\times}4$ Latinsquare. Treatments, on a dry matter (DM) basis, were i) control diet; ii) 3% soybean oil; iii) 3% soybean oil and 9% PCP and; iv) 3% soybean oil and 18% PCP. When cows fed on citrus pulp, the DM intake tended to decrease. The total tract apparent digestibility of DM and ether extract decreased when cows fed on the control diet compared to other diets. Cows fed PCP had higher polyphenols and flavonoids content and higher total ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in milk compared to those fed no pelleted citrus pulp. Cows fed 18% PCP showed higher monounsaturated FA and lower saturated FA in milk fat compared with cows fed the other diets. The lowest n-6 FA proportion was in milk fat from cows fed control. The present study suggests that pelleted citrus pulp added to 9% to 18% DM increases total polyphenols and flavonoids concentration, and the FRAP in milk.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether nutrient intakes and serum biochemical indices are associated with the skin condition of humans. Anthropometric data, skin surface hydration, ceramide content, dietary intake of nutrients and serum lipids (total cholesterol, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, TG, MDA: malondialdehyde, TAS: total antioxidant status) were obtained from 36 healthy young women. Subjects were classified into 2 groups {LM: Low Moisture Group (n = 20) , HM: High Moisture Group (n = 16)} by forehead skin hydration. The results of this study were as follows: The average age, BMI, total body water, LBM, body fat$\%$, WHR, forehead hydration, ceramide content were 20.2 yrs, 20.7, 28.81, 39.2 kg, $28.0\%$, 0.8, $44.3\%$, and 1.05 $\mu$g/$\mu$g protein, repectively. The intakes of SF A (saturated fatty acid) , MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acid) in the HM group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the LM group, but zinc intakes in the LM group were higher than in the HM group. Serum levels of TAS in the LM group (1.27 mmol/l) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of in the HM group (1.20 mmol/l). Whereas other lipid levels were not significantly different, intakes of vitamin $B_{6}$ and folate showed significant positive correlation with the forehead hydration (r = 0.447, r = 0.377). Intakes of calcium and phosphorus showed significant negative correlation with forearm ceramide content (r = -0.496, r = -0.485). Several associations between nutrient intakes and skin conditions were observed, indicating that changes in baseline nutritional status may affect skin health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.448-458
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• 2009

It has been well documented from animal and human studies that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has numerous beneficial effects on health. In chickens, CLA exerts many effects on performance ranging from egg quality and yolk lipids to meat quality. Although there are several CLA isomers available, not all CLA isomers have the same incorporation rates into egg yolk: cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomers are more favorably deposited into egg yolk than other isomers investigated, but of the two isomers, the former has a higher incorporation rate than the latter. CLA alters the amounts and profiles of lipids in plasma, muscles and liver. Furthermore, increased liver weight was reported in chickens fed dietary CLA. As observed in egg yolk, marked reduction in intramuscular lipids as well as increased protein content was observed in different studies, leading to elevation in protein-to-fat ratio. Inconsistency exists for parameters such as body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production rate and mortality, depending upon experimental conditions. One setback is that hard-cooked yolks from CLA-consuming hens have higher firmness as refrigeration time and CLA are increased, perhaps owing to alterations in physico-chemistry of yolk. Another is that CLA can be detrimental to hatchability when provided to breeders: eggs from these breeders have impaired development in embryonic and neonatal stages, and have increased and decreased amounts of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), respectively. Thus, both problems can be fully resolved if dietary sources rich in MUFAs are provided together with CLA. Emerging evidence suggests that CLA exerts a critical impact on stress and immune functions as it can completely nullify some of the adverse effects produced by immune challenges and reduce mortality in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, CLA is a key regulator of genes that may be responsible for lipid metabolism in chickens. CLA down-regulates both expression of the gene encoding stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and its protein activity in the chicken liver while up-regulating mRNA of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-l.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2010

본 연구는 인삼재배지 포장에서 부엽토와 돈분퇴비 시용이 토양생물에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자, 토양미생물, 선충, 응애 등 미소동물의 군집과 개체밀도의 변화를 관찰하였다. 토양 미생물 군락 조성과 생태를 조사하기 위하여 인지질지방산을 추출하여 지표지방산으로 분석한 결과 세균, 곰팡이, 방선균의 상대밀도는 차이가 없었다. 부엽토 처리구에서 환경스트레스 지표인 포화지방산/단불포화지방산 비율과 Cyclopropyl 지방산/전구체 지방산 비율이 높게 나타났으며, 호기성/혐기성균 비율이 낮았던 것은 유기물의 분해속도가 느리다는 것을 시사한다. 돈분퇴비 처리구에서 내생균근균인 VAM의 상대밀도 증가는 pH 증가의 영향으로 보이지만, 유기물 증가에도 불구하고 그램음성균/그램양성균 비율과 스트레스 지표가 대조구와 차이가 없었던 것은 EC나 pH 증가 등으로 인한 토양의 이화학성 변화에 의한 결과로 보인다. 돈분퇴비 시용구에서 선충의 개체밀도는 증가하였지만, 날개응애류의 개체밀도는 감소하였다. 부엽토 또는 돈분퇴비의 시용에도 불구하고 토양동물의 개체밀도는 일반 농경지와 비교할 때 매우 낮은 수준으로 나타났으며, 개간지의 경우 장기간의 예정지 관리를 통해 토양생물의 밀도를 높여 유기물의 분해효율을 증가시키는 과정이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.204-215
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• 2019

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy and crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, blood profiles, and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace] ${\times}$ Duroc) with an average body weight of $30.96{\pm}3.068kg$ were used for a 12-week feeding trial. Experimental pigs were allotted to a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block (RCB) design. The first factor was two levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) density (13.40 MJ/kg or 13.82 MJ/kg), and the second factor was three dietary CP levels based on subdivision of growing-finishing phases (high: 18%/16.3%/16.3%/13.2% middle: 17%/15.3%/15.3%/12.2% and low: 16%/14.3%/14.3%/11.2%). Average daily gain (ADG) and gain-feed ratio (G:F ratio) decreased as dietary CP level was decreased linearly (linear, p < 0.05; p < 0.05, respectively) in the early growing period, and G:F ration also decreased as dietary CP level was decreased linearly (linearly, p < 0.05) over the whole growing phase. Over the entire experimental period, G:F ratio decreased as dietary ME level decreased (p = 0.01). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was increased as dietary energy level decreased in growing period (p < 0.01). During finishing period, total protein concentration was decreased by lower dietary energy level (p < 0.05). In this study, there were no significant differences in proximate factors, physiochemical properties, muscle TBARS assay results, pH changes, or color of pork by dietary treatments. However, saturated fatty acid (SFA) increased (p < 0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) decreased (p < 0.05) when ME was decreased by 0.42 MJ/kg in growing-finishing pig diets. In addition, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) tended to increase when CP level was decreased in growing-finishing pig diets (p = 0.06). A growing-finishing diet of 13.82 MJ/kg diet of ME with the high CP level can improve growth performance and show better fatty acids composition of pork.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2583-2589
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• 2014

Background: Soybean oil may protect against cancer of the breast and prostate. It may also exert beneficial influence in combination with other oils. Here, blends (20%, v/v) of sea buckthorn oil (SEBO), camellia oil (CAO), rice bran oil (RBO), sesame oil (SEO) and peanut oil (PEO) with soybean oil (SBO) were formulated. Materials and Methods: Oxidative stability (OS) and radical scavenging activity (RSA) of SBO and blends stored under oxidative conditions ($60^{\circ}C$) for 24 days were studied. By blending with different kinds oils, levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased, while monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content increased. Progression of oxidation was followed by measuring peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine (PAV), conjugated dienes (CD) and conjugated trienes (CT). Results: Inverse relationships were noted between PV and OS at termination of storage. Levels of CD and CT in SBO, and blends, increased with increase in time. The impact of SEO as additives on SBO oxidation was the strongest followed by RBO, CAO, SEBO and PNO. Conclusions: Oxidative stability of oil blends was better than SBO, most likely as a consequence of changes in fatty acids and tocopherols' profile, and minor bioactive lipids found in selected oils. The results suggest that these oil blends could contribute as sources of important antioxidant related to the prevention of chronic diseases associated to oxidative stress, such as in cancer and coronary artery disease.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1309-1320
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• 2021

Objective: Investigation of muscle growth at different developmental stages is an appropriate strategy for studying the mechanisms underlying muscle development and differences in phenotypes. In particular, the muscle development mechanisms and the difference between the fastest and slowest growth rates. Methods: In this study, we used a growth curve model to fit the growth inflection point (IP) of QingYu pigs and compared differences in the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcriptome of muscle both at the growth IP and plateau phase (PP). Results: The growth curve of the QingYu pig had a good fit (R² = 0.974) relative to a typical S-curve and reached the IP at day 177.96. At the PP, marbling, intramuscular fat, and monounsaturated fatty acids had increased significantly and the percentage of lean muscle and polyunsaturated fatty acids had decreased. A total of 1,199 mRNAs and 62 lncRNAs were differentially expressed at the IP compared with the PP. Additional to gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analyses, these differentially expressed protein coding genes were principally related to muscle growth and lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the identified differentially expressed lncRNAs, could play roles in muscle growth, fat deposition and regulation of fatty acid composition at the IP and PP.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권6호통권96호
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• pp.949-956
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 일반계 5종(추청벼, 금오벼, 낙동벼, 오대벼, 화성벼)과 다수계 6종(동진 1호, 일미벼, 일품벼, 주남벼, 남평벼, 새추청벼)의 일반성분, 무기질 조성, 지방산 조성 및 항영양인자를 비교${\cdot}$분석하였다. 쌀의 일반성분에서 수분함량은 10.70${\sim}$15.88%, 열량은 341.26${\sim}$369.84 kcal/100 g, 조단백량은 5.03${\sim}$7.73%, 조지방량은 0.45${\sim}$l.33%, 탄수화물량은 74.56${\sim}$82.05%, 조섬유량은 0.30${\sim}$0.73%, 조회분량은 0.31${\sim}$0.91%로 나타났으며 다수계의 수분함량과 탄수화물이 일반계보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나 그 외 성분들은 유의차가 없었다. 포화지방산은 22.45${\sim}$25.99%, 단일불포화지방산은 36.50${\sim}$44.99%, 다가불포화지방산 32.01${\sim}$46.02%로 불포화지방산 함량이 높게 나타났으며 일반계와 다수계의 유의차는 없었다. 그러나 다수계인 일미벼, 남평벼는 oleic acid의 함량이 40%이상으로 높게 나타났으며, 다수계인 동진 1호, 일품벼, 주남벼, 새추청벼의 linoleic acid 함량이 37%이상으로 높게 나타났다. 무기질 함량은 K와 Mg가 각각 85.62%와 25.55%로 대부분을 차지했으며 나머지 무기질은 Ca는 3.42${\sim}$18.98%, Fe는 0.23${\sim}$4.97%, Mn은 ND${\sim}$l.28%, Na는 0.80${\sim}$4.65 %, Zn은 ND${\sim}$8.52%로 나타났다. 품종별로는 다수계의 Mg와 Fe함량이 일반계보다 유의적으로 낮은 값을 나타냈으며, Mn과 Na는 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 모든 쌀 품종에서 lectin, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor의 항영양인자는 검출되지 않았다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2018

본 연구는 산란말기 사료에 게르마늄의 수준별 급여가 닭의 생산성, 계란품질 및 혈액 성상에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 시행하였다. 74주령 하이라인 브라운 산란계 360수를 4개 처리 5반복 반복당 18수씩 배치하여 총 12주간 사양실험을 실시하였으며, 처리구는 영양소 함량이 ME 2,750 kcal/kg, CP 16% 수준의 기초사료에 게르마늄 분말을 0, 1, 2 및 4% 수준으로 첨가하였다. 산란율과 난중은 매일, 사료섭취량과 계란품질은 4주 간격으로 조사하였고, 혈액성상과 난황지방산은 사양실험 종료 후 측정하였다. 산란율은 게르마늄 급여구에서 대조구에 비하여 높은 경향을 보였지만 통계성은 없었고, 사료섭취량, 난중, 1일 산란량 및 사료요구율은 처리구 간에 유의적 차이는 없었다. 계란의 난백높이와 호유닛은 처리구 간 유의적 차이가 없었지만, 난각강도는 게르마늄 급여구에서 현저하게 개선되었으며(P<0.05), 난각두께도 개선되는 경향을 보였다. 계란 내 난황지방산중 단일불포화 지방산은 게르마늄 급여구에서 유의적으로 증가하였고(P<0.05), 불포화지방산도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 혈액성상에서 콜레스테롤은 처리구 간에 통계적 차이가 없었지만 게르마늄 급여수준에 비례적으로 감소되는 경향을 보였으며, 중성지방은 현저하게 감소되었다(P<0.05). 본 연구결과, 산란말기 사료에 게르마늄의 첨가급여는 난각강도를 높게 하였고, 건강관련 인자에 속하는 혈중 콜레스테롤과 중성지방을 개선하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.265-276
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 한우사료 내 아마씨앗의 급여가 등심 내 오메가 6와 3 지방산 비율(n-6/n-3) 감소효과 및 n-6/n-3 균형 한우고기를 섭취한 사람의 혈액 중 LDL-C 감소효과를 조사하는 것이었다. 단계별로 거세한우 20마리를 이용하여 대조군과 아마씨앗을 함유하는 n-3 처리구로 각각 10마리씩 나누어 완전임의 배치하였다. n-3 사료군은 대조군과 비교할 때 혈액 및 등심 내 n-6/n-3가 4:1이하로 감소하였으며 단일불포화지방산으로써 올레인산은 52.79%까지 증가하였다. 임상실험자의 70% 이상에서 나타난 균형 한우고기를 섭취한 그룹의 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤 및 LDL-C은 각각 25.35, 5.22, 17.59% 감소하였고 수입 쇠고기는 9.05, 8.21, 21.70% 증가하였으나 일반한우는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 균형 한우고기를 섭취한 그룹의 HDL-C는 6.07% 증가하였으나 수입 쇠고기와 일반한우는 각각 14.46, 11.46% 감소하였다. 혈당은 균형 한우고기와 일반 한우고기가 각각 6.42, 11.82% 감소하였으나 수입 쇠고기는 15.19% 증가하였다.