• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.192-200
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• 1984

통일계(統一系)(풍산)와 일반계(一般系)(동진)의 쌀겨로부터 추출한 지질(脂質)의 조성(組成)을 관, 박충, 가스-액체 크로마토그래피에 의하여 분리(分離) 정량(定量)하었다. 쌀겨의 전지질(全指質) 함량은 일반계(一般系)가 16. 13%, 일반계(一般系)가 16.97%였고 통일계(統一系)의 중성지질(中性脂質)은 75.20%로 일반계(一般系)의 73.69%보다 약간 높았고 당지질(塘脂質) 함량은 통일RP(統一系)에 16.71%로 일반계(一般系)의 22.80% 보다 월등하게 낮았다. 중성지질(中性脂質)은 트리 -글리세리드, 더 글리세리드, 에스테르화 스테롤이 주성분이었고 당지질(糖指質)분 에스테르화 스테릴글리코시드가 가장 많았으며 그외 다른 구성 당지질은 미량성분이었다. 인지질은 포스파티딜 에타놀아민, 포스파티딜 콜린. 포스파티딜 이노시톨이 주요성분 이었다. 전지질(全脂質)의 지방산 조성은 팔미트산, 올레산, 리놀레산이 주요성분이었다. 특히 불포화지방산의 조성에서 올레산의 함량은 통일계(統一系) (43.84%)가 일반계(一般系) (40.33%)보다 높은 반면 리놀레산의 함량은 통일계(統一系) (34.64%)가 일반계 (38.99%)보다 낮았다. 중성지질(中性脂質)의 지방산 조성은 전지질의 지방산 조성과 유사하였고당지질의 지방산 조성은 리놀레산이 올레산보다 많았으며 에스테르화 스테릴글리코시드에는 특이하게 팔미트산이 많았다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.303-314
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• 2013

Knowledge regarding lipid catabolism has been of great interest in the field of animal sciences. In the livestock industry, excess fat accretion in meat is costly to the producer and undesirable to the consumer. However, intramuscular fat (marbling) is desirable to enhance carcass and product quality. The manipulation of lipid content to meet the goals of animal production requires an understanding of the detailed mechanisms of lipid catabolism to help meticulously design nutritional, pharmacological, and physiological approaches to regulate fat accretion. The concept of a basic system of lipases and their co-regulators has been identified. The major lipases cleave triacylglycerol (TAG) stored in lipid droplets in a sequential manner. In adipose tissue, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) performs the first and rate-limiting step of TAG breakdown through hydrolysis at the sn-1 position of TAG to release a non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Subsequently, cleavage of DAG occurs via the rate-limiting enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) for DAG catabolism, which is followed by monoglyceride lipase (MGL) for monoacylglycerol (MAG) hydrolysis. Recent identification of the co-activator (Comparative Gene Identification-58) and inhibitor [G(0)/G(1) Switch Gene 2] of ATGL have helped elucidate this important initial step of TAG breakdown, while also generating more questions. Additionally, the roles of these lipolysis-related enzymes in muscle, liver and skin tissue have also been found to be of great importance for the investigation of systemic lipolytic regulation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.811-815
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• 1994

In this study the quantity and the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were investigated with using gas chromatography after non-polar lipid of the flint corn in the growing period was extracted with the solution of chloroform : methanol (2 : 1) and then separated by the SACC method. Neutral lipid was separated into monoglyceride(MG), 1, 3-diglyceride (1, 3-DG) , free fatty acid (FFA) , triglyceride (TG), cholesteryl ester (CE). Fatty acid of each spot was mainly composed of linoleic , oleic and palmitic acids. Lonolieic acid decreased in MG(54.5-51.4%), CE(31.3-28.9%) but increased ini TG(57.2-63.8%) during growth process. Olec acid increased in MG(25.7-29.3%), 1, 3-DG(24.7-28.9%), CE(16.7-19.9%) but decreased in TG28.6-23.1%). Palmitic acid decreased in MG(12.8-11.5%), FFA(25.7-24.1%), TG(10.4-9.3%) but increased in CE(26.4-31.5%) during a growth process. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid in TG(7.01-7.84%) was higher in five spots of neutral lipid and in 1, 3-DG(4.61-4.16%) decreased growth process but increased in MG(5.06-5.60%), TG(7.01-7.84%).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.349-352
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• 2001

The beekeeping pest insect Galleria mellonella larvae(greater wax moth) were reared on an artificial diet contaminated indipendently with cadmium chloride($CdCl_2$) at different concentrations(1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.0 20.0, 40.0 ${\mu}g/g$ food fresh weight). Results of these studies suggested that Cd exposure of G. mellonella may influence its whole body lipid contents. We decided, therefore, to analyze lipid content of G. mellonella exposed to different concentrations of Cd. Lipid concentrations were measured photometrically by phosphovanillin method. Significant decrease in the total lipid content was found in Cd-contaminated larvae and pupae. In this study, six kinds of lipids were separated, and they were phospholipid, monoglyceride, diglyceride, sterol, fatty acids, triglyceride. And fatty acids were proved to consist of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acid. Palmitic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid were found high rate in all groups, but stearic acid was low. In conclusion, lipid contents decreased in Cd-contaminated groups in comparison to the control group.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-56
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• 1990

The effects of six kinds of phosphate complex on the water holding capacity (W.H.C) and protein solubility of hair tail, yellow tail runner and dried pollack meat paste were investigated and animal meat(pork, chicken and hare meat complex) The formulation of six kind of phosphate complex employed to this experiment were made by mixing several phosphate such as sodium polyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate, potassim pyrophosphate, sodium ultra-meta-phosphate, sodium-tetra-phosphate and monoglyceride at different mixture ratio Among the six kinds of phosphate complex, phosphate B complex which was formulated by mixing sodium polyphosphate 40%, sodium pyrophosphate 30%, sodium tetra mata phosphate 10%, sodium ultra meta phosphate 10% was most effective on enchanging the W H. C, and protein solubility of hair tail, yellow tail runner dried pollack meat past and in case of pork, chicken and hare meat paste. Phosphate C complex which was formulated by mixing sodium polyphosphate 50%. sodium pyrophosphate 30%, sodium tetra meta phosphate 10%, potassium pyrophosphate 10%, was more effective them other phosphate complex, and thief optimum addition level was 0.5% respectively in weight of fish meat paste. Texture characteristics such as hardness, cohesiveness and springiness value of Kamaboko(fish meat and pork, chicken, hare meat complex past meat product) were evaluted as best when 0.5% of Phosphate B complex was added The optimum cooking condition of Kamaboko to get good texture was heating for 20 minutes at 12$0^{\circ}C$.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2009

Characteristics of the transesterification reaction between triglycerides in soy bean oil and methanol were investigated in the presence of acid catalysts. such as sulfuric acid and PTS (p-toluene sulfonic acid). Concentrations of diglyceride and monoglyceride which were intermediates in the reaction mixtures, were far below 10% of triglyceride under any reaction conditions. Thus, conversion of the reaction could be determined from the concentration of triglyceride. Dried PTS had more superior catalytic power than sulfuric acid for transesterification reaction between soy bean oil and methanol. When transesterification reaction of soy bean oil was catalyzed by 1 wt% of PTS at methanol stoichiometric mole ratio of 2 and $65^{\circ}C$, final conversion reached 95% within 48 hours. If FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) was added into reaction mixture of soy bean oil, methanol and PTS catalyst, it converted reaction mixture into homogeneous phase, and substantially increased reaction rate. When reaction mixture was freely boiling which had equal volumetric amount of FAME to soy bean oil, methanol stoichiometric mole ratio of 2 and 1 wt% of PTS, final conversion achieved value of 94% and temperature approached to $110^{\circ}C$ within 2 hours.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1664-1671
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• 2010

A new biosurfactant producer was isolated from palm-oil-contaminated soil and later identified through morphology and DNA sequencing as the yeast-like fungus Exophiala dermatitidis. Biosurfactant production was catalyzed by vegetable oil, supplemented with a basal medium. The culture conditions that provided the biosurfactant with the highest surface activity were found to be 5% palm oil with 0.08% $NH_4NO_3$, at a pH of 5.3, with shaking at 200 rpm, and a temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ for a 14-day period of incubation. The biosurfactant was purified, in accordance with surfactant properties, by solvent fractionation using silica gel column chromatography. The chemical structure of the strongest surface-active compound was elucidated through the use of NMR and mass spectroscopy, and noted to be monoolein, which then went on to demonstrate antiproliferative activity against cervical cancer (HeLa) and leukemia (U937) cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, no cytotoxicity was observed with normal cells even when high concentrations were used. Cell and DNA morphological changes, in both cancer cell lines, were observed to be cell shrinkage, membrane blebbling, and DNA fragmentation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1247-1256
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• 2010

Since biodiesel as bioenergy is defined as ester compounds formed by esterification of animal/vegetable oils, in this study three vegetable cooking oils (market, waste and refined waste ones) were esterified by reactions of alkali catalyst and immobilized enzyme. The fatty acid composition of the formed ester compounds was analyzed to investigate the feasibility of biodiesel production. By lipolysis (i.e, hydrolysis of Triglyceride (TG)), all three vegetable oils used in this study were found to produce Diglyceride (DG), Monoglyceride (MD) and Fatty acid ethylester (FAEE). However, the amount of produced FAEE (which can be used as an energy source) was in the increasing order of market cooking oil, waste one and refined waste one. With NaOH catalyst, FAEE was produced about 24.92, 17.63 and 11.31 % for the respective oils while adding Lipozyme TL produced FAEE about 43.54, 38.16 and 24.47 %, respectively. This indicates that enzyme catalyst is more effective than alkali one for transesterification. In addition, it was found that the composition of fatty acids produced by hydrolysis of TG was unchanged with alkali and immobilized enzyme reactions. Thus it can be expected that stable conditions remain in the course of mixing with gasoline whose composition is similar to that of the fatty acids.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.452-456
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• 2010

최근 1,3-디글리세리드(1,3-DG)는 트리글리세리드(TG)와 대사 기구가 달라, 체지방으로 체내에 축적되지 않는 것으로 알려져 주목을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 고정화 리파제인 Lipozyme을 사용한 1,3-DG의 선택적 합성에 관하여 연구하였다. 글리세린과 올레인산(OA)의 몰비를 1 : 2로 고정한 후에 진공 하에서 수행한 에스테르 합성 반응에서 있어서, 반응 온도 및 리파제의 양에 따른 모노글리세리드(MG), DG, TG 및 DG 중의 1,3-DG의 함량 변화를 분석하였다. 온도가 높아질수록 또한 리파제의 사용량이 늘어날수록 OA의 감소 속도로 측정한 반응 속도는 빨랐으며, DG 함량이 최대치에 도달한 이후에는 MG, DG 및 TG의 함량에는 많은 변화가 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Novozym을 사용하여 동일한 실험을 한 기존의 결과와 비교하였을 때, 반응성은 Novozym 쪽이 높았으나, 1,3-DG의 선택성은 Lipozyme이 월등하게 높아서, $50^{\circ}C$ 반응에서 DG 중의 1,3-DG 함량이 98%에 달했다.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.443-448
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• 2009

최근 1,3-디글리세리드(1,3-DG)는 트리글리세리드(TG)와 대사 기구가 달라, 체지방으로 체내에 축적되지 않는 것으로 알려져 주목을 받고 있다.본 논문에서는 고정화 리파제를 사용한1,3-DG의 선택적 합성에 관하여 연구하였다. 글리세린과 올레인산(OA)의 몰비를 1 : 2로 고정한 후에 진공 하에서 수행한 에스테르 합성 반응에서 있어서, 반응 온도 및 리파제의 양에 따른 모노글리세리드(MG), DG, TG 및 DG 중의 1,3-DG의 함량 변화를 분석하였다. 온도가 높아질수록 또한 리파제의 사용량이 늘어날수록 OA의 감소 속도로 측정한 반응 속도는 빨랐으며, DG 함량이 최대치에 도달한 이후에는 MG, DG 및 TG의 함량에는 많은 변화가 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 반응 온도가 높을수록 또는 고정화 리파제를 10 wt% 사용하였을 때는 DG 및 1,3-DG의 함량이 현저하게 저하되면서 TG가 주생성물이 되었다.