• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.765-771
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• 2015

The development of a sample preparation method and optimization of the analytical instrumentation conditions were performed for the determination of the vitamin B₁₂ content in emulsified baby foods sold on the Korea market. After removal of the milk protein and fats by chloroform extraction and centrifugation, the vitamin B₁₂ was water extracted from the sample. Following filtration of the solution through a nylon filter, the water-soluble extract was purified by solid-phase extraction using a Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The solution eluted from the cartridge was dried under a stream of nitrogen gas and reconstituted with 1 mL of water. The sample solution was injected into an LC-MS/MS system after optimizing the mobile phase for vitamin B₁₂ detection. The calibration curve showed good linearity with the coefficient of correlation (r²) value of 0.9999. The limit of detection was 0.03 µg/L and the limit of quantitation was 0.1 µg/L. The method of detection limit was 0.02 µg/kg. The vitamin B₁₂ recovery from a spiking test was 99.62% for infant formula and 99.46% for cereal-based baby food. The sample preparation method developed in this study would be appropriate for the rapid determination of the vitamin B₁₂ content in infant formula and baby foods with emulsified milk characteristics. The ability to obtain stable results more quickly and efficiently would also allow governments to exercise a more extensive quality control inspection and monitoring of products expected to contain vitamin B₁₂. This method could be implemented in laboratories that require time and labor saving.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.64-64
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• 2015

Control of plasma processing methodologies can only occur by obtaining a thorough understanding of the physical and chemical properties of plasmas. However, all plasma processes are currently used in the industry with an incomplete understanding of the coupled chemical and physical properties of the plasma involved. Thus, they are often 'non-predictive' and hence it is not possible to alter the manufacturing process without the risk of considerable product loss. Only a more comprehensive understanding of such processes will allow models of such plasmas to be constructed that in turn can be used to design the next generation of plasma reactors. Developing such models and gaining a detailed understanding of the physical and chemical mechanisms within plasma systems is intricately linked to our knowledge of the key interactions within the plasma and thus the status of the database for characterizing electron, ion and photon interactions with those atomic and molecular species within the plasma and knowledge of both the cross-sections and reaction rates for such collisions, both in the gaseous phase and on the surfaces of the plasma reactor. The compilation of databases required for understanding most plasmas remains inadequate. The spectroscopic database required for monitoring both technological and fusion plasmas and thence deriving fundamental quantities such as chemical composition, neutral, electron and ion temperatures is incomplete with several gaps in our knowledge of many molecular spectra, particularly for radicals and excited (vibrational and electronic) species. However, the compilation of fundamental atomic and molecular data required for such plasma databases is rarely a coherent, planned research program, instead it is a parasitic process. The plasma community is a rapacious user of atomic and molecular data but is increasingly faced with a deficit of data necessary to both interpret observations and build models that can be used to develop the next-generation plasma tools that will continue the scientific and technological progress of the late 20th and early 21st century. It is therefore necessary to both compile and curate the A&M data we do have and thence identify missing data needed by the plasma community (and other user communities). Such data may then be acquired using a mixture of benchmarking experiments and theoretical formalisms. However, equally important is the need for the scientific/technological community to recognize the need to support the value of such databases and the underlying fundamental A&M that populates them. This must be conveyed to funders who are currently attracted to more apparent high-profile projects.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.147-153
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• 1996

한국원자력연구소에서는 국내 개인선량계 판독기관들의 선량판독평가기술의 정밀 정확도 향상을 위한 국내 상호비교시험을 실시하였다. 본 시험에 참가한 기관은 모두 7개 기관으로 총 9종의 선량계(TLD 6종, 필름배지 3종)가 참가하였다. 사용된 방사선장은 Cs-137 감마, Sr/Y-90 베타 및 ISO의 wide series X-선장중 4종등 6개의 방사선장 이었으며, 참가기관당 30개의 선량계를 제출하여 각 시험조사당 4개씩 PMMA팬톰위에서 같은 선량이 조사되었다. 조사선량의 범위는 하한 ${\sim}10mSv$ 이하였다. 참가기관은 판독선량을 ICRU가 정한 개인선량당량 Hp(10) 및 Hp(0.07)로 평가하였다. 시험 결과 Cs-137 및 Sr/Y-90의 경우 1개 기관을 제외한 모든 기관의 판독선량과 부여선량의 비가 ${\pm}25%$ 이내에서 잘 일치하고 있었으나 X-선장의 경우, 모든 판독기관의 선량평가 알고리즘이 ANSI N13.11의 X-선장에 기초하여 개발되었기 때문에 판독선량과 부여선량의 편중이 ${\pm}35%$를 초과하는 경우들이 발견되었다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2003

고강도 콘크리트의 초기 균열 제어를 위해서는 균열 발생의 주요 원인인 자기수축에 대한 실험과 예측, 그리고 감소 방안에 대한 연구가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 물-결합재비가 0.50~0.27이고 플라이 애쉬 대체율이 0, 10, 20, 30%인 콘크리트의 자기수축을 측정하였으며, 실험결과를 토대로 예측 모델을 제안하였다. 실험 결과, 물-결합재비가 낮아짐에 따라 자기수축이 증가하였으며, 재령 초기에서 자기수축 발현률이 크게 증가하였다. 또한, 플라이 애쉬 대체율이 증가할수록 자기수축이 감소하는 결과를 얻었다. 비록 재령 초기에 큰 자기수축이 발생했다 하더라도 콘크리트의 강성(탄성계수)이 낮은 동안에는 응력은 발생하지 않게 된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 강성의 변화를 고려하기 위해 초음파 속도 발현 특성으로부터 콘크리트 강성의 발현 시점을 간접적으로 조사하여 이를 자기수축 모델링에 사용하였다. 실용적인 측면에서, 본 연구에서 제안된 모델은 자기수축과 이로 인해 발생한 응력을 예측하는 데에 유효하게 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 고해상도인 아리랑 2호(KOMPSAT-2)와 ENVISAT ASAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) 마이크로웨이브 위성 영상을 이용한 유류 분포 면적 추정과 저해상도인 해색위성 자료를 이용하여 허베이스피리트호 유류오염 사고 발생 전후의 클로로필 a 농도를 분석하였다. KOMPSAT-2와 ASAR 위성에서 추정된 유출유 확산 분포 면적은 각각 59,456 $m^2$ 과 1,168 $km^2$로 추정되었다. QuickScat 위성관측 바람은 유류오염 사고 전후에 북풍과 북서풍이 우세하였고, 유류오염 사고 당시 바람은 10m/s 이상의 강한 북서풍이 탁월하였다. 태안과 안면도 연안해역의 클로로필 a의 월별 농도는 유류사고 당시인 2007년 12월에 각각 2.9 mg/$m^3$과 2.5 /$m^3$ 이었으나, 그 한 달 후인 2008년 1월에는 각각 6.3 mg/$m^3$과 3.7 mg/$m^3$로 클로로필 a 농도가 현저하게 증가하였다. 또한, 이들 지역에서 콜로로필 a 농도의 단기변화는 유류오염 사고 발생 1-2 주일 후에 그 농도가 감소한 것을 알았다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.318-323
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• 2007

양성자가 결합된 티로신-알라닌 펩타이드 이온(YAH+)의 전자전이 광분해 스펙트럼을 이 이온의 가 장 낮은 에너지의 전자전이가 관측되는 34500~36700 cm-1 영역에서 얻었다. YAH+ 이온은 전자분무 이온화법 을 이용하여 기체상에서 생성하였고 생성된 이온의 저장 및 검출은 4중극자 이온 트랩과 반사판 비행시간 질 량분석기가 결합된 혼성 질량분석기를 이용하였다. 이온 트랩에 저장된 YAH+ 이온에 레이저 펄스를 쪼여주어 광분해 반응을 유발한 후 그 광분해 정도를 레이저 파장에 따라 측정함으로써 전자전이 광분해 스펙트럼을 얻 었다. 이 스펙트럼에는 두 개의 넓은 폭을 가진 피크가 관측되었으며 시간-의존 밀도함수 법(Time-dependent density functional method, TD-DFT)을 이용한 계산을 통해 각각 YAH+의 S1과 S2 전이로 지정하였다. 관측된 피 크들의 넓은 폭은 상온에서 존재 가능한 YAH+의 여러 이형태체들의 전자전이 간 겹침과 또한, 상온에서 형성 된 이온의 들뜬 진동에너지 준위로부터의 전자전이 즉, 뜨거운 띠(hot band)들 때문인 것으로 설명하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.2021-2026
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• 2009

Toluene, xylene and styrene are volatile organic solvents that are commonly used in mixtures in many industries. Because these solvents are metabolized and then excreted in urine, their urinary metabolites are thought to be biomarkers of occupational exposure to these solvents. Therefore, a simple, rapid, and yet reliable analytical method for determining the metabolites is required for accurate biological monitoring. In the present study, a simple and rapid HPLC-UV method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight major metabolites of toluene, xylene and styrene: hippuric acid (HA), mandelic acid (MA), o-, m- and p-methylhippuric acids (o-, m- and p-MHAs), and o-, m- and p-cresols. A monolithic column was employed as the stationary phase and several conditions, including flow rate, composition of mobile phase and column temperature, were variables for the optimization of the chromatographic resolution. All eight metabolites were successfully resolved within 5 minutes in 10% aqueous ethanol containing 0.3% acetic acid and 1.6% $\beta$-cyclodextrin, using a flow rate gradient of 1.0 - 5.0 mL/min at 25 ${^{\circ}C}$. The performance of this method was validated by linearity, intra- and inter-day accuracy, and precision. The linearity was observed with correlation coefficients of 0.9998 for HA, 0.9999 for MA, 0.9989 for o-MHA, 0.9998 for m-MHA, 0.9991 for p-MHA, 0.9997 for o-cresol, 0.9998 for m-cresol, and 0.9986 for p-cresol. The intra- and inter-day precision of the method were less than 5.89% (CV) and the accuracy ranged from 92.95 to 106.62%. The validity was further confirmed by analysis of reference samples that were prepared by the inter-laboratory quality assurance program of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA, Seoul, Korea). All measured concentrations of the analytes agreed with the certified values.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2002

Although ionizing radiation (IR) has been used to treat the various human cancers, IR is cytotoxic not only to cancer cells but to the adjacent normal tissue. Since normal tissue complications are the limiting factor of cancer radiotherapy, one of the major concerns of IR therapy is to maximize the cancer cell killing and to minimize the toxic side effects on the adjacent normal tissue. As an attempt to develop a method to monitor the degree of radiation exposure to normal tissues during radiotherapy, we investigated the transcriptional responses of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) following IR using cDNA microarray chip containing 1,221 (1.2 K) known genes. Since conventional radiotherapy is delivered at about 24 h intervals at 180 to 300 cGy/day, we analyzed the transcriptional responses ex-vivo irradiated human PBL at 200 cGy for 24 h-period. We observed and report on 1) a group of genes transiently induced early after IR at 2 h, 2) of genes induced after IR at 6 h, 3) of genes induced after IR at 24 h and on 4) a group of genes whose expression patters were not changed after IR. Since Biological consequences of IR involve generation of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus oxidative stress induced by the ROS is known to damage normal tissues during radiotherapy, we further tested the temporal expression profiles of genes involved in ROS modulation by RT-PCR. Specific changes of 6 antioxidant genes were identified in irradiated PBL among 9 genes tested. Our results suggest the potential of monitoring post-radiotherapy changes in temporal expression profiles of a specific set of genes as a measure of radiation effects on normal tissues. This type of approach should yield more useful information when validated in in vivo irradiated PBL from the cancer patients.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2007

Background and Objectives：Microvascular free flap reconstruction has been revolutionized in last two decades, and became a standard option in the reconstruction of head and neck defects. We intended to review our experiences of 51 microvascular free flap for head and neck defects during 5-year period and to analyze the types of flaps according to primary sites, success and complication rates. Subjects and Methods：From Oct. 2001 through Dec. 2005, fifty one free flap reconstructions were performed in forty nine patients at ENT department of Soonchunhyang university bucheon hospital. Primary sites, pathology, T-stage, operative time, time interval of oral feeding, and various reconstructive factors such as recipient and donor vessels, free flap related complications, failure rates and salvage rates were retrospectively analyzed. The relation between complication rates and preoperative risk factors were statistically analyzed. Results：Methods of reconstruction were radial forearm free flap(RFFF)(n=28, 54.9%), anterolateral thigh free flaps(n=9, ALTFF)(17.6%), rectus abdominis free flap(n=7, RAFF)(13.7%), jejunal free flap(n=5, JFF)(9.8%), and miscellanous(n=2, 4.0%) in order. In free flap related complications, failure of free flap occurred in seven cases(13.7%) and pharyngocutaneous fistula occurred in five cases(9.8%) among fifty one free flaps. The overall success rate of free flaps was 86.3%. Salvage of free flaps was possible only one among eight cases(12.5%). In positive preoperative risk factor groups, failure of free flap was higher than in negative risk factor group. However, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion：We confirmed that free flap reconstructions are highly versatile and reliable options for use in the reconstruction of various soft tissue defects of the head and neck. Free flaps have gained great popularity given its versatility, ability for a two-team approach, and minimal donor site morbidity. However, complications related to microvascular surgery may be overcome by increased surgical experience and by intensive flap monitoring in early postoperative period.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2010

원자력발전소에 설치되는 안전관련 캐비닛형 전기기기는 설치 전에 내진검증이 요구된다. 전기기기의 동특성분석은 내진 검증에 포함된 중요한 과정이며, 기기의 정확한 해석모델을 작성하기 위해서도 필수적으로 요구되는 업무이다. 이 연구에서는 입력진동수준에 따른 기기의 동특성 변화를 분석하기 위하여 원전 지진감시시스템 캐비닛을 대상으로 진동대시험을 수행하고, 입력진동운동의 수준별로 계측된 진동응답신호를 진동수영역분해법으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 대상기기는 입력진동수준의 크기에 따라 동특성이 비선형적으로 변화하고, 국내 원전의 안전정지지진 수준 이하의 진동에서도 동특성이 비선형적 거동을 보이고 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 입력진동 수준에 따라 전기기기의 동특성이 비선형적으로 변하는 원인은 대상기기의 특성과 입력진동수준을 고려할 때 일반적인 재료 비선형보다는 각 부품들의 마찰력과 기하학적인 비선형성에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 전기 캐비닛의 입력진동수준에 따른 동특성의 비선형적 변화는 향후 안전관련 기기의 내진검증 업무에서 중요하게 검토되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.