• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

The article examines the axiological psycho-philosophical understanding of the phenomenon of money and its value role in modern society. The traditional and virtual context of the representation of the money phenomenon is considered.Following the ideas of G. Simmel, the authors consider money not only as a purely economic, but also a psycho-philosophical, cultural and social phenomenon. Money appears as a result of cultural development of the world and gradually forms a monetary culture as a space of economic and social interaction of people. Under the influence of the monetary culture of one or another historical period, the character of a person's economic activity, values and life orientations are formed. Modern money culture is often called financial civilization. Peculiarities of modern monetary culture are studied, its main features and problems are determined in the article. The problem of the peculiarities of the constructive and destructive attitude of the individual towards money is identified; a psycho-philosophical and cultural-identification typology of people is described, which is based on clinical observations and interpreted through the prism of psychoanalytic theory. The concept of money is highlighted from the standpoint of a social-psychological approach. The theoretical foundations of money's influence on the decision-making process and human behavior are also revealed.

• 경제분석
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.56-89
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• 2011

금융시장이 불완전하면 기업투자가 현금흐름에 대해 민감하게 반응한다. 한국의 기업 자료를 이용하여 투자의 전환회귀모형을 추정한 결과, 기업투자의 현금흐름 민감도가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 재벌소속기업과 대기업의 경우에 고민감도체제로 전환될 가능성이 크며, 회사채등급과 유동비율은 양호할수록 저민감도체제로 전환될 수 있다. 외환위기 이후에 기업투자의 현금흐름 민감도는 약화되었으나 회사채등급과 유동비율이 민감도에 미치는 영향은 더욱 유의해졌다. 또한 경제 전체의 투자-현금흐름 민감도는 통화 긴축기간에 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 한국경제에서 통화정책의 신용경로가 작동하고 있다는 증거로 해석된다. 통화정책은 경제 전체에 영향을 미칠 뿐 아니라 기업특성에 따라 차별적인 효과를 나타낸다는 점을 통화당국은 고려해야 할 것이다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.67-83
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• 2018

We have hypothesized that nuclear risk is significantly inversely related to the distance from residences to nuclear power plants and that the level of life satisfaction of residents therefore increases with the distance. We empirically explore the relationship between Ulsan citizens' life satisfaction levels and the distance between their residences and the Kori and Wolsong nuclear power plants (NPP) based on the life satisfaction approach (LSA). The dataset we used covers only Ulsan citizens from the biennial Ulsan Statistics on Citizen's Living Condition and Consciousness of 2014 and 2016. Controlling for micro-variables such as education, work satisfaction, gender, marital status, and expenditures, we found a statistically significant relationship between life satisfaction and the distance between the residences and the nuclear power plants. Nuclear negative externalities including (i) health and environmental impact, (ii) radioactive waste disposal, and (iii) the effect of severe accidents can be quantified in terms of LS units and monetary units. We were able to calculate the monetary value of NPP externalities at $277 per kilometer of distance for Kori and $280 per kilometer of distance for Wolsong at constant 2015 prices. These estimates are quite different from the traditional estimates made with the contingent valuation method, whereas they are similar to the findings of LSA studies abroad. Hence, the need to adopt the LSA in South Korea and policy implications are demonstrated.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.78-84
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• 1997

The specific purpose of this study is to develop the numerical guide for the cost-benefit analysis of ORE ($/person-Sv reduction) to meet the criterion of ALARA in the design stage of the KNGR. In deriving the guide, the risk factor which is defined by the risk to unit collective radiation exposure dose (deaths/person-Sv) and the monetary value of human life ($/death) are required. The risk factor has been estimated from various clinical data accumulated for a number of years and continuously modified. And the monetary value of human life is usually quantified using the human capital approach. In this study, the risk to radiation exposure perceived by a group of people is investigated through an extensive poll survey conducted among university students in order to modify the existing risk factor for radiation exposure. And in evaluating the monetary value of human life, the QOL factor is introduced in order to incorporate the degree of public welfare or quality of life. As a result of study, a value within the range of 151, 000~172, 000 dollars per person-Sv reduction is recommended as the appropriate interim numerical guide for cost-benefit analysis of ORE to meet the criterion of ALARA in the design stage of the KNGR. A poll survey was also conducted in order to see whether the public acceptance cost of nuclear power should be incorporated in developing the guide, and the result of study shooed that such a cost does not need to be considered.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.653-663
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• 2021

There has been a massive increase in household debt in China, especially in the last five of years. Learning from past experiences, the country needs careful forecasting that may help to form new policies or make amendments to the existing ones. This research paper aims to highlight the impact of the monetary policy on household debt in China. The study covers the time period from 1996 to 2020 The study employs a cointegration test, Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bound Test (ARDL) approach, a Augmented Dicky Fuller (ADF) and PP test (PMG) and time series data. The findings suggest on a quantitative analysis using a time-series model in which gdp per capita and interest rate has a positive impact on household debt whereas, cpi doesn't have significant impact. In a short-term variables relationship, household debt responds more to an increase in income than in the long-term. Also, the impact of interest rate changes on household debt is lower than income in the short run.The research suggests that there should be some restrictions on household debt and consumer financing provided to citizens and for this, appropriate leverage measures should be taken in order for the central bank to sustain robust macroeconomic conditions.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.319-330
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the connectedness between categorical economic policy uncertainty (monetary, fiscal, trade and foreign exchange policy uncertainty) indexes and option-implied volatility index in Korea, Japan and the US. Design/methodology/approach - This paper employs the Diebold-Ylmaz (2012) model based on a VAR and generalized forecast error variance decomposition. This paper also conducts regression analyses to investigate whether the volatility indexes are explained by categorical policy uncertainty indexes. Findings - First, we find the total connectedness is stronger in Korea and Japan relative to the US. Second, monetary, fiscal, and foreign exchange policy uncertainty indexes are connected to each other but trade policy uncertainty index is not. Third, the volatility index in Japan and the US is mainly associated with monetary policy uncertainty while the volatility index in Korea is explained by fiscal policy uncertainty index. Research implications or Originality - To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the connectedness among categorical policy uncertainty indexes and the volatility index in Korea, Japan, and the US. The empirical results on the connectedness suggest that transparent policy and communication with the market in one type of policy would reduce the uncertainty in other policies.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2000

한글은 부류수의 방대성과 글자간의 유사성으로 인해 인식이 어려운 문자 집합으로 간주되고 있다. 기존 연구 대부분은 일반적으로 사용되는 2,350 글자를 대상으로 인식을 시도하였는데, 이는 일반성을 제공하는 대신 낮은 성능 문제를 안고 있다. 이에 반해, 우편 영상이나 전표 영상 등의 특정 필드에 나타나는 한글만을 대상으로 하는 접근 방법이 보다 현실적이라 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 금액란에 나타나는 필기 한글을 인식하는 연구를 기술한다. 인식을 위해 모듈러 신경망 인식기를 사용하였으며, 세 종류의 특징을 사용하였다. 표준 한글 데이터베이스 PE92에 대해 실험한 결과 정인식률 97.56%를 얻었다.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.39-57
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• 2011

This paper is the result of simulation modeling concerning high-level radioactive waste repository(HLRWR) and people's mind for the facility. We describe a procedure of simulation modeling for resident's policy acceptance and perceived risk of HLRWR facility by using System Dynamics approach. To Complete some complicated works, we made the 20 pieces of stock-flow diagrams based on the causal loop diagram that is a blue print of whole variables and relations. The simulation outputs clearly show that cental government efforts to siting the HLRWR will be failed if nothing to give for the region's residents. On the contrary, a monetary incentive and a regional development program help to turn this gloomy situation into a desirable and acceptable condition dramatically. Government has to prepare the schemes considering the HLRWR acceptance and total supporting program including the cash and local development programs.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.21-39
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• 1991

본고(本稿)에서는, 우리나라 대미명목환율(對美名目換率)의 변화를 복수통화(複數通貨)바스켓제도(制度)의 운용과 관련지어 설명하거나 특정한 이론적(理論的) 접근법(接近法)으로 설명하려는 기존의 연구와는 달리, 우리나라 실질환율(實質換率)의 실물적 및 화폐적 결정요인을 이부문모형(二部門模型)에 따라 설명하고 실질환율(實質換率)의 동태적(動態的) 변화(變化)를 추정하였다. 추정결과(推定結果)에 따르면 1980년대에는 통화증발(通貨增發)이나 재정지출(財政支出)의 증가(增加)가 모두 실질환율(實質換率)을 절상(切上)시키는 것으로 나타나서 실질환율(實質換率)의 절하(切下)를 위해서는 금융(金融) 재정(財政)의 안정(安定)이 필수적임을 보여 주고 있다. 또 교역조건(交易條件)의 개선(改善)은 실질환율(實質換率)을 절하(切下)시킨 것을 나타나 교역조건(交易條件)의 개선(改善)이 실질환율(實質換率)을 절상(切上)시킨다는 다른 나라에 대한 연구결과와 배치되고 있다. 한편 생산성향상(生産性向上)으로 실질환율(實質換率)이 절상(切上)되는 Ricardo-Balassa효과(效果)가 나타나고 있으나 그 유의성(有意性)은 크지 않았다. 마지막으로 명목환율(名目換率)의 절하(切下)는 상당한 정도로 실질환율(實質換率)의 절하(切下)를 유발하고 있어서 실질목표접근법(實質目標接近法)에 의한 환율운용(換率運用)의 타당성을 입증하고 있다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2010

1990년 시장평균환율제도에서 1997년 외환위기 이후 자유변동환율제도까지 환율제도의 변경과 더불어 자본시장 자율화로 인하여 환율의 변동성이 증대되고 있다. 이와 같은 환율 변동성의 증대는 우리나라와 같은 소규모 개방경제와 수출중심의 경제기반 하에서 주요관심사가 아닐 수 없다. 이에 본 연구는 자유변동환율제도를 설명하기 위해 이론적으로 고안된 통화론적 접근방법을 적용하여 우리나라의 대미 환율 결정요인을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 이들 모형에 근거하여 설명변수로는 통화량과 소득, 이지율, 자본수지, 엔화환율, 교역조건 등을 선택하였다. 또한 분석기간을 1990년부터 2009 년으로 하여 외환위기 전 후 균형관계의 차이를 비교분석할수 있도록 하였다. 공적분 검정과 벡터오차수정모형을 통한 실증분석 결과, 우리나라에서도 통화적 접근방법은 자유변동환율제도 기간인 외환위기 이후기간에 더 설명력 있는 것으로 나타났다. 외환위기 이후기간에는 통화량, 소득, 단기이자율로 구성된 가격신축적 Bilson 모형이 가장 우세하였으며, 환율과 장기적 관계에 았는 변수들이 환율의 단기변동에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다.