• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.698-703
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• 2007

A simplified model which incorporates the moment-axial tension interaction of the double-span beams in a column-removed steel frame is presented in this paper. To this end, material and geometric nonlinear parametric finite element analyses were conducted for the double-span beams by changing the beam span to depth ratio and the beam size within some practical ranges. The beam span to depth ratio was shown to be the most influential factor governing the catenary action of the double-span beams. Based on the parametric analysis results, a simplified piecewise linear model which can reasonably describe the vertical, resisting force versus the beam chord rotation relationship was proposed. It was also shown that the proposed method can readily be used for the energy-based progressive collapse analysis of steel moment frames.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.769-777
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• 2000

This paper presents the results of cyclic seismic performance in relation to beam-panel zone strength ratio of CFT Column to H-beam steel moment connections. Each test specimen consisted of $H-350{\times}175{\times}7{\times}11$ beam(SS400) and ${\boxe}-250{\times}250{\times}9$, ${\boxe}-250{\times}250{\times}12$ column(SPSR400). Main parameter is a column panel zone strength relative to beam strength. Energy absorption capacity available in the specimens ranged from 5.2 to 12.7(tm). If panel zone strength relative to beam strength is too strong or weak, the energy absorption capacity tended to be inferior. About steel moment-resisting frame, the test results of this experiment seem to support the investigation that permitting panel zone yielding shall be more advantageous to enhancing total seismic performance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.595-606
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of steel member resisting frames considering the relative stiffness of the connection and beams. Six-story steel moment frames were designed to study the seismic behavior. The connections were classified into Double Web-Angle connections (DWAs), Top- and Seat-angles with double Web-angles (TWSs), FEMA-Test Summary No. 28, Specimen ID: UCSD-6 (SAC), and Fully Restrained (FR). The rotational stiffness of the semi-rigid connections was estimated using the Three-Parameter Power Model adopted by Chen and Kishi. The relative stiffness, which is the ratio of the rotational stiffness of the connections to the stiffness of the beams, was used. Push-over, repeated loading, and time history analysis were performed for all the frames. The seismic behavior of each frame was analyzed with the story drift, plastic hinge rotation, and hysteretic energy distribution.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.649-665
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• 2020

One of the most important issues in structural systems is evaluation of the margin of safety in low and mid-rise buildings against the progressive collapse mechanism due to the earthquake loads. In this paper, modeling of collapse propagation in structural elements of RC frame buildings is evaluated by tracing down the collapse points in beam and column structural elements, one after another, under earthquake loads and the influence of column removal is investigated on how the collapse expansion in beam and column structural members. For this reason, progressive collapse phenomenon is studied in 3-story and 5-story intermediate moment resisting frame buildings due to the corner and edge column removal in presence of the earthquake loads. In this way, distribution and propagation of the collapse in progressive collapse mechanism is studied, from the first element of the structure to the collapse of a large part of the building with investigating and comparing the results of nonlinear time history analyses (NLTHA) in presence of two-component accelograms proposed by FEMA_P695. Evaluation of the results, including the statistical survey of the number and sequence of the collapsed points in process of the collapse distribution in structural system, show that the progressive collapse distribution are special and similar in low-rise and mid-rise RC buildings due to the simultaneous effects of the column removal and the earthquake loads and various patterns of the progressive collapse distribution are proposed and presented to predict the collapse propagation in structural elements of similar buildings. So, the results of collapse distribution patterns and comparing the values of collapse can be utilized to provide practical methods in codes and guidelines to enhance the structural resistance against the progressive collapse mechanism and eventually, the value of damage can be controlled and minimized in similar buildings.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.175-191
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• 2020

In this article, for the first time, the seismic behavior of elliptic-braced moment resisting frame (ELBRF) is assessed through a laboratory program and numerical analyses of FEM specifically focused on the development of global- and local-type failure mechanisms. The ELBRF as a new lateral braced system, when installed in the middle bay of the frames in the facade of a building, not only causes no problem to the opening space of the facade, but also improves the structural behavior. Quantitative and qualitative investigations were pursued to find out how elliptic braces would affect the failure mechanism of ELBRF structures exposed to seismic action as a nonlinear process. To this aim, an experimental test of a ½ scale single-story single-bay ELBRF specimen under cyclic quasi-static loading was run and the results were compared with those for X-bracing, knee-bracing, K-bracing, and diamond-bracing systems in a story base model. Nonlinear FEM analyses were carried out to evaluate failure mechanism, yield order of components, distribution of plasticity, degradation of structural nonlinear stiffness, distribution of internal forces, and energy dissipation capacity. The test results indicated that the yield of elliptic braces would delay the failure mode of adjacent elliptic columns and thus, help tolerate a significant nonlinear deformation to the point of ultimate failure. Symmetrical behavior, high energy absorption, appropriate stiffness, and high ductility in comparison with the conventional systems are some of the advantages of the proposed system.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.691-707
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• 2020

One of the most important issues in structural systems is evaluation of the margin of safety in low and mid-rise buildings against the progressive collapse mechanism due to the earthquake loads. In this paper, modeling of collapse propagation in structural elements of RC frame buildings is evaluated by tracing down the collapse points in beam and column structural elements, one after another, under earthquake loads and the influence of column removal is investigated on how the collapse expansion in beam and column structural members. For this reason, progressive collapse phenomenon is studied in 3-story and 5-story intermediate moment resisting frame buildings due to the corner and edge column removal in presence of the earthquake loads. In this way, distribution and propagation of the collapse in progressive collapse mechanism is studied, from the first element of the structure to the collapse of a large part of the building with investigating and comparing the results of nonlinear time history analyses (NLTHA) in presence of two-component accelograms proposed by FEMA_P695. Evaluation of the results, including the statistical survey of the number and sequence of the collapsed points in process of the collapse distribution in structural system, show that the progressive collapse distribution are special and similar in low-rise and mid-rise RC buildings due to the simultaneous effects of the column removal and the earthquake loads and various patterns of the progressive collapse distribution are proposed and presented to predict the collapse propagation in structural elements of similar buildings. So, the results of collapse distribution patterns and comparing the values of collapse can be utilized to provide practical methods in codes and guidelines to enhance the structural resistance against the progressive collapse mechanism and eventually, the value of damage can be controlled and minimized in similar buildings.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2022

This paper presents experimental studies on reinforced concrete moment resisting frames that have engineered cementitious composite (ECC) in plastic hinge length (PHL) of beam/column members and beam-column joints. A two-story frame structure reduced by a 1:3 scale was further tested through a shake-table (seismic simulator) using multiple levels of simulated earthquake motions. One model conformed to all the ACI-318 requirements for IMRF, whereas the second model used lower-strength concrete in the beam/column members outside PHL. The acceleration time history of the 1994 Northridge earthquake was selected and scaled to multiple levels for shake-table testing. This study reports the observed damage mechanism, lateral strength-displacement capacity curve, and the computed response parameters for each model. The tests verified that nonlinearity remained confined to beam/column ends, i.e., member joint interface. Calculated response modification factors were 11.6 and 9.6 for the code-conforming and concrete strength deficient models. Results show that the RC-ECC frame's performance in design-based and maximum considered earthquakes; without exceeding maximum permissible drift under design-base earthquake motions and not triggering any unstable mode of damage/failure under maximum considered earthquakes. This research also indicates that the introduction of ECC in PHL of the beam/column members' detailing may be relaxed for the IMRF structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.9-21
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• 2012

Concrete filled steel tube (CFT) columns have been widely used in moment resisting frame structures both in seismic zones. This paper discusses the design of such members based on the advanced methods introduced in the 2005 AISC Specification and the 2005 Seismic Provisions. This study focuses particularly on design following both linear and nonlinear methods utilizing equivalent static and dynamic loads for low-rise moment frames. The paper begins with an examination of the significance of pseudo-elastic design interaction equations and the plastic ductility demand ratios due to combined axial compressive force and bending moment in CFT members. Based on advanced computational simulations for a series of five-story composite moment frames, this paper then investigates both building performance and new techniques to evaluate building damage during a strong earthquake. It is shown that 2D equivalent static analyses can provide good design approximations to the force distributions in moment frames subjected to large inelastic lateral loads. Dynamic analyses utilizing strong ground motions generally produce higher strength ratios than those from equivalent static analyses, but on more localized basis. In addition, ductility ratios obtained from the nonlinear dynamic analysis are sufficient to detect which CFT columns undergo significant deformations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.403-406
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• 1999

Although infilled wall considered as a non-structural element, the infilled applied in reinforced concrete frame structural systems represents an important element influencing the behaviour and the stability of a structure under seismic effect. This research is performed an experimental investigation of gravity-load designed single-stroy, single-bay, low-rise nonseismic moment-resisting reinforced concrete frame 2 dimension specimens to evaluate the effect of seismic capacity. For pseudo static test, it was manufactured one half scale specimens of two types (Bare Frame, Infilled Frame) based on typical building. The results of these experiments provided regarding the global as well as the local responses of 1) Crack pattern and failure modes, 2) Stiffness, strength.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

In this paper, a procedure for automated optimized design of reinforced concrete frames has been presented. The procedure consists of formulation and solution of the design problem in the form of an optimization problem. The minimization of total cost of R/C frame has been taken as the objective of optimization problem. In this research, consistent approximation method is applied to explicitly formulate constraints and objective function in terms of the design variables. In the presented method, the primary optimization problem is replaced with a sequence of explicit sub-problems. Each sub-problem is efficiently solved using the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) method. The proposed method is demonstrated through a four-story frame and an eight-story frame, and the optimum results are compared with those in the available literature. It is shown that the proposed method can be easily applied to obtain rational, reliable, economical and practical designs for Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frames (RCMRFs) while it is converged after a few analyses.