• 대기
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.227-239
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• 2019

This paper reviews various bulk-type cloud microphysics parameterizations (BCMPs). BCMP, predicting the moments of size distribution of hydrometeors, parameterizes the grid-resolved cloud and precipitation processes in atmospheric models. The generalized gamma distribution is mainly applied to represent the hydrometeors size distribution in BCMPs. BCMP can be divided in three different methods such as single-moment, double-moment, and triple-moment approaches depending on the number of prognostic variables. Single-moment approach only predicts the hydrometeors mixing ratio. Double-moment approach predicts not only the hydrometeors mixing ratio but also the hydrometeors number concentration. Triple-moment approach predicts the dispersion parameter of hydrometeors size distribution through the prognostic reflectivity, together with the number concentrations and mixing ratios of hydrometeors. Triple-moment approach is the most time expensive method because it has the most number of prognostic variables. However, this approach can allow more flexibility in representing hydrometeors size distribution relative to single-moment and double-moment approaches. At the early stage of the development of BMCPs, warm rain processes were only included. Ice-phase categories such as cloud ice, snow, graupel, and hail were included in BCMPs with prescribed properties for densities and sedimentation velocities of ice-phase hydrometeors since 1980s. Recently, to avoid fixed properties for ice-phase hydrometeors and ad-hoc category conversion, the new approach was proposed in which rimed ice and deposition ice mixing ratios are predicted with total ice number concentration and volume.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1246-1251
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• 2014

This article presents an optimum yaw moment distribution scheme for a vehicle with electronic stability control (ESC) and active rear steering (ARS). After computing the control yaw moment in the yaw moment controller, it should be distributed into tire forces, generated by ESC and ARS. In this paper, yaw moment distribution is formulated as an optimization problem. New objective function is proposed to tune the relative magnitudes of the tire forces. Weighed pseudo-inverse control allocation (WPCA) is adopted to solve the problem. To check the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, simulation is performed on a vehicle simulation package, CarSim. From the simulation, the proposed optimum yaw moment distribution scheme is shown to effective for vehicle stability control.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제12권1_2호
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• pp.323-334
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• 2003

We review the developmental history of the moment matrix of matrix quadratic form. This paper also investigates, the moment matrix of (non-central) Wishart distribution, which is multi-version of X$^2$ distribution.

• 건축사
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• 11호통권82호
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• pp.26-35
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• 1975

The present Structuralists have usually calculated the end Moment of Rigid-frame members by using the Moment Distribution Method, presented by Hardy Cross in 1930, on the Basis of Elastic Law. But this method is considered to be an unfinished solution in case of the moment condition, which the Non-Equilibrium distributed loads or the Horizontal Force acted upon it result in deflection. Hence, after finishing the calculation of stress by means of the Moment Distribution Method, the stress condition due to Horizontal Forces had to be corrected approximatly. However we can directly get the solution of Rigid-frame having sidesway not by above method but by the Moment Distribution computation. Consequently this method is regarded as a Perfect Moment Distribution Method. Here 1 present.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.393-406
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• 1996

We obtain the general moment of non-central Wishart distribu-tion, using the J-th moment of a matrix quadratic form and the 2J-th moment of the matrix normal distribution. As an example, the second moment and kurtosis of non-central Wishart distribution are also investigated.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.37-53
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• 2018

Purpose - There have been not enough studies on the ways customer Moment of Truth(MOT) activities are structured along with consumption chain and their influences as well as the relative influences of service quality at Moment of Truth on customer performance. Therefore, customer service needs needed at Moment of Truth may differ depending on whether these distribution services are at introduction-growth stages or maturity-decline stage already, but there is no study which illustrates this. Research design, data, and methodology - This study selects VoIP and IPTV as the household telecommunication and distribution services at introduction-growth stages as well as high speed internet and wire telephone as those at maturity-decline stages. Then it identifies which experiences that customers have at Moment of Truth by each service as well as the influences related to what the customers consider as important. Results - As the result of demonstration with the target of 858 respondents, customers' experiences and requests differ at Moment of Truth. For service quality, what takes the positive roles in customer performance includes corporeality and certainty for the services at introduction-growth stages as well as reliability, sympathy, and mutuality for those at maturity-decline stages. Conclusions - Implications of these results as well as further directions for study are suggested.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.109-125
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• 2014

The force transfer mechanism in positive moment continuity details for prestressed concrete girder bridges is investigated in this paper using a three-dimensional detailed finite element model. Positive moment reinforcement in the form of hairpin bars as recommended by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report No 519 is incorporated in the model. The cold construction joint that develops at the interface between girder ends and continuity diaphragms is also simulated via contact elements. The model is then subjected to the positive moment and corresponding shear forces that would develop over the service life of the bridge. The stress distribution in the continuity diaphragm and the axial force distribution in the hairpin bars are presented. It was found that due to the asymmetric configuration of the hairpin bars, asymmetric stress distribution develops at the continuity diaphragm, which can be exacerbated by other asymmetric factors such as skewed bridge configurations. It was also observed that when the joint is subjected to a positive moment, the tensile force is transferred from the girder end to the continuity diaphragm only through the hairpin bars due to the lack of contact between the both members at the construction joint. As a result, the stress distribution at girder ends was found to be concentrated around the hairpin bars influence area, rather than be resisted by the entire girder composite section. Finally, the results are used to develop an approach for estimating the cracking moment capacity at girder ends based on a proposed effective moment of inertia.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2004년도 학술발표회
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• pp.1103-1106
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to induce the design drought rainfall by the methodology of L-moment including testing homogeneity, independence and outlier of the data of annual minimum monthly rainfall in 57 rainfall stations in Korea in terms of consecutive duration for 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months. To select appropriate distribution of the data for annual minimum monthy rainfall by rainfall station, the distribution of generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized logistic (GLO) as well as that of generalized pareto (GPA) are applied and the appropriateness of the applied GEV, GLO, and GPA distribution is judged by L-moment ratio diagram and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. As for the annual minimum monthly rainfall measured by rainfall station and that stimulated by Monte Carlo techniques, the parameters of the appropriately selected GEV and GPA distributions are calculated by the methodology of L-moment and the design drought rainfall is induced. Through the comparative analysis of design drought rainfall induced by GEV and GPA distribution by rainfall station, the optimal design drought rainfall by rainfall station is provided.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2009

For an inverse double Weibull distribution which is symmetric about zero, we obtain distribution and moment of ratio of independent inverse double Weibull variables, and also obtain the cumulative distribution function and moment of a skew-symmetric inverse double Weibull distribution. And we introduce a skew-symmetric inverse double Weibull generated by a double Weibull distribution.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2017

수문통계분야에서는 극치 사상을 해석하기 위해 generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized logistic (GLO), Gumbel (GUM) 모형과 같은 다양한 극치분포들을 사용하여 왔다. 특히 우리나라 강우 사상의 경우 다양한 극치분포 모형 중 GEV 분포와 Gumbel 분포가 비교적 적합한 것으로 알려져 있지만 하나의 형상매개변수를 가지고 있어 각 분포 모형이 나타낼 수 있는 통계적 특성에 한계를 가지고 있다. 이러한 점에서 두 개의 형상매개변수를 가지고 있어 분포 모형이 나타낼 수 있는 통계적 특성의 범위가 넓은 분포의 적용이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 두 개의 형상매개변수를 가지고 있어 다양한 통계적 특성을 표현할 수 있는 Burr XII 분포와 우리나라 620개 지점의 강우자료의 무차원 L-moment 비를 이용하여 우리나라 강우자료의 수문학적 적용성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 Burr XII 분포의 L-moment ratio인 L-skewness와 L-kurtosis를 유도하고 그 관계식을 이용하여 L-moment diagram을 작성하고 620개 지점이 해당 영역에 포함되는 정도를 검토하여 그 적용성을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 L-skewness가 L-kurtosis보다 상대적으로 큰 한강 유역에 해당하는 지점들에 대한 Burr XII 분포의 적용성이 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 일반적으로 많이 사용되는 GEV 또는 Gumbel 분포를 대체할 수 있는 분포가 될 가능성을 보였다고 할 수 있다.