• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2000

Recombinant Aspergillus niger was constructed to express and secrete a biologically active murine granulaocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (mGM-CSF). A 500 bp fragment encoding the signal peptide and terminator of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd). The hygromycin phosphotrasferase gene (hph) was used as a selection marker for the fungal transformants. An expression vector was introduced into A. niger ATCC 9642, and a Northern blot analysis indicated the presence of a considerable amount of transcripts from the introduced mGM-CSF. The biological activity of recombinant mGM-CSF (rmGM-CSF) isolated from the culture filtrate was confirmend by measuring the proliferationof the GM-CSF dependent FDC-P1 cell line. It appeared that rmGM-CSF was amenable to the proteolytic activity produced by A. niger, since biological actibity was only observed when the transformants were grown in a protease-repressing medium, and the activity of rmGM-CSF dramatically decreased with an increase of age of the culture. The yield of rmGM-CSF, as determined by ELISA. was 640 ng/l of culture filtrate. Accordingly, its specific activity is estimated to be approximately two-and-a-half times higher than that of a commercial preparation from E. coli.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.157-166
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• 2001

The molecular cloud associated with the H II region S301 has been mapped in the J = 1-0 transitions of $^{12}CO$ and $^{13}CO$ using the 13.7 m radio telescope of Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory. The cloud is elongated along the north-south direction with two strong emission components facing the H II region. Its total mass is $8.7 {\times} 10^3 M{\bigodot}$. We find a velocity gradient of the molecular gas near the interface with the optical H II region, which may be a signature of interaction between the molecular cloud and the H II region. Spectra of CO, CS, and HCO+ exhibit line splitting even in the densest part of the cloud and suggests the clumpy structure. The radio continuum maps show that the ionzed gas is distributed with some asymmetry and the eastern part of the H II region is obscured by the molecular cloud. We propose that the S301 H II region is at the late stage of the champagne phase, but the second generation of stars has not yet been formed in the postshock layer.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.229-235
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• 2006

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a major component of urban air pollution. It is documented that low exposure levels of VOCs induce alterations in immune reactivity resulting in a subsequent higher risk for the development of allergic reactivity and asthma. Despite these facts, there are few reports on the affected primary target and the underlying effective causal mechanisms. So in this study, to better understand the risk of BTX (benzene, toluene and o-xylene) which are the major VOCs and to identify novel biomarkers on immune response to these VOCs exposure in human T lymphocytes, we performed the toxicogenomic study by analyzing of gene expression profiles using 35 k human oligo-microarray. BTX generated specific gene expression patterns in Jurkat cell line. By clustering analysis, we identified some genes as potential markers on immuno-modulating effects of BTX. Four genes of these, HLA-DOA, ITGB2, HMGA2 and 5TAT4 were the most significantly affected by BTX exposure. Thus, this study suggests that these differentially expressed immune genes may play an important role in the pathogenesis on BTX exposure and have significant potential as novel biomarkers of exposure, susceptibility and response to BTC.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2006

We carried out CO survey toward IR-excess clouds using SRAO 6-m telescope in search of molecular $H_2$. These clouds, which show far-infrared excess over what is expected from HI column density, are considered to be candidates of molecular clouds. In order to find new high Galactic latitude clouds, we made mapping observations for 14 IR-excess clouds selected from Reach et al.(1998) in $^{12}CO$ J = 1 - 0 line, supplementing the similar survey in southern hemisphere (Onishi et al. 2001). $^{12}CO$ emission is detected from three IR-excess clouds among 14 objects. Three newly detected clouds exhibit somewhat clumpy morphology and column densities amount to ${\sim}10^{21}\;cm^{-2}$. One of three clouds, DIR120-28, show discrepancy between IR-excess center and CO emission center. It seems that IR-excess may not be an effective tracer of molecular gas. Instead, optical depth$(\tau)$ excess, i.e., IR-excess corrected for temperature dependence, may be more effective tracer of molecular clouds, since, by combining statistics from both hemispheres, we found that the detection rate is higher for IR-excess clouds with lower dust temperature.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.71.1-71.1
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• 2019

We report the first high-resolution (sub-arcminute) large-scale mapping $^{12}CO$ and $^{13}CO$ observations of the molecular clouds associated with the giant outer Galaxy H II region CTB 102 (KR 1). These observations were made using a newly commissioned receiver on the 13.7-m radio telescope at the Taeduk Radio astronomy Observatory (TRAO). Our observations show that the molecular clouds have a spatial extent of $60{\times}35pc$ and a total mass of $10^{4.8}-10^{5.0}$ solar mass, Infrared data from WISE and 2MASS were used to identify and classify the YSO population associated with ongoing star formation activity within the molecular clouds. Moving away from the H II region, there is an age/class gradient consistent with sequential star formation. The infrared and molecular line data were combined to estimate the star formation efficiency (SFE) of the entire cloud as well as the SFE for various sub regions of the cloud.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2020

Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by intrauterine growth restriction, poor postnatal growth, relative macrocephaly, a triangular face, body asymmetry, and feeding difficulties. It is primarily diagnosed according to a clinical scoring system; however, the clinical diagnosis is confirmed with molecular testing, and the disease is stratified into the specific molecular subtypes. SRS is a genetically heterogeneous condition. The major molecular changes are hypomethylation of imprinting control region 1 in 11p15.5 and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (UPD(7)mat). Therefore, first-line molecular testing should include methylation-specific approaches for these regions. Here, we report an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant with intrauterine growth retardation, postnatal growth retardation, and dysmorphic facial appearance-characteristics consistent with the clinical diagnostic criteria of SRS. Methylation-specific molecular genetic analysis revealed UPD(7)mat, while the loss of heterozygosity was not detected on chromosomal microarray analysis. We present a case of SRS with suspected uniparental heterodisomy of chromosome 7 in an ELBW infant.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.521-526
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• 1997

We isolated a mouse nck cDNA from the thymus cDNA expression library. The cDNA encodes a 377 amino acid protein and displays 97% amino acid sequence identity to human oncogenic protein nck, which is composed almost exclusivelv of three src homology 3 (SH3) domains and one SH2 domain. The sequence analysis also showed that the isolated cDNA is the mouse counterpart of the human nck and different from the mouse grb4, which has been reported to be highly similar to the human nck and, therefore considered as a mouse nck, Northern blot analysis showed that the transcript of the gene was 1.8 kb and was highly expressed in the testis, thymus, and brain but moderately in the liver and lymph node. Western blot analysis showed that the size of the protein was about 47 kDa. Overexpression of the mouse Nck transformed a mouse fibroblast cell line, NIH3T3. The results clearly indicate that normal nck gene has transforming ability and provide an argument against a suggested possibility that the transforming ability of the human nck gene is due to a mutation(s) in the gene.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2007

Several features of the implant surface, such as topography, roughness, and composition play a relevant role in implant integration with bone. This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of different-coatings on Ti surfaces on the biological responses of a human osteoblast-like cell line (MG63). MG63 cells were cultured on HA (Hydroxyapatite coating on Titanium), Ano (HA coating on anodized surface Titanium), Zr (zirconium-coating on Titanium), and control (non-coating on Titanium). The morphology of these cells was assessed by SEM. The cDNAs prepared from the total RNAs of the MG63 were hybridized into a human cDNA microarray (1,152 elements). The appearances of the surfaces observed by SEM were different on each of the three dental substrate types. MG63 cells cultured on HA, Ano, Zr, and control exhibited cell-matrix interactions. In the expression of several genes were up-, and down-regulated on the different surfaces. The attachment and expression of key osteogenic regulatory genes were enhanced by the surface morphology of the dental materials used.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.237-247
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• 2005

Several features of the implant surface, such as roughness, topography, and composition play a relevant role in implant integration with bone. This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of various thin layer hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on anodized Ti surfaces on the biological responses of a human osteoblast-like cell line (MG63). MG63 cells were cultured on A (100 nm HA coating on anodized surface), B (500-700 nm HA coating on anodized surface), C ($1{\mu}m$ HA coating on anodized surface), and control (non HA coating on anodized surface) Ti. The morphology of these cells was assessed by SEM. The cDNAs prepared from the total RNAs of the MG63 were hybridized into a human cDNA microarray (1,152 elements). The appearances of the surfaces observed by SEM were different on each of the four dental substrate types. MG63 cells cultured on A, C and control exhibited cell-matrix interactions. It was B surface showing cell-cell interaction. In the expression of several genes were up-, and down-regulated on the different surfaces. The attachment and expression of key osteogenic regulatory genes were enhanced by the surface morphology of the dental materials used.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.439-442
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• 2015

We observed multiple CO transition lines and the HCN(1-0) line at ~ 1" (~ 34 pc) or higher resolution toward the Seyfert 2 nucleus of M51 using the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) and the Submillimeter Array (SMA). All the images show very similar overall molecular gas distribution; there are two discrete clouds at the eastern and western sides of the nucleus, and the western cloud exhibits an elongated distribution and velocity gradient along the radio jet. In addition, high HCN(1-0)/CO(1-0) brightness temperature ratios of about unity have been observed, especially along the radio jet, similar to those observed in shocked molecular gas in our Galaxy. This strongly indicates that the molecular gas along the jet is shocked, that the radio jet and the molecular gas are interacting, and the jet is entraining both diffuse (CO) and dense (HCN) molecular gas outwards from the circumnuclear region. This is the first clear imaging of the outflowing molecular gas entrained by the AGN jet, and showing the detailed physical status of outflowing molecular gas. Since a relatively high HCN(1-0)/CO(1-0) ratio has been observed in the high velocity wing of ultraluminous infrared galaxies, it can also be explained by a similar mechanism to those we describe here.