• BMB Reports
• /
• 제56권12호
• /
• pp.645-650
• /
• 2023

Numerous studies have investigated the cellular prion protein (PrP^C) since its discovery. These investigations have explained that its structure is predominantly composed of alpha helices and short beta sheet segments, and when its abnormal scrapie isoform (PrPSc) is infected, PrPSc transforms the PrP^C, leading to prion diseases, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. Given its ubiquitous distribution across a variety of cellular types, the PrP^C manifests a diverse range of biological functions, including cell-cell adhesion, neuroprotection, signalings, and oxidative stress response. PrP^C is also expressed in immune tissues, and its functions in these tissues include the activation of immune cells and the formation of secondary lymphoid tissues, such as the spleen and lymph nodes. Moreover, high expression of PrP^C in immune cells plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. In addition, it affects inflammation and the development and progression of cancer via various mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the studies on the role of PrP^C from various immunological perspectives.

• FOCUS: LIFE SCIENCE
• /
• 제1호
• /
• pp.4.1-4.15
• /
• 2024

The Avantor® ACE® UltraCore series encompasses High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) columns designed to deliver high throughput and high-efficiency ultra-fast separations. Utilizing ultra-inert solid-core silica particles with monodisperse particle distribution, these columns combine the high efficiency of UHPLC with the operability of HPLC instrumentation, yielding lower backpressure and high-resolution separations suitable for a broad spectrum of analytes. The Avantor® ACE® UltraCore range includes three primary product types: • UltraCore BIO: Designed for large biomolecules (≥5 kDa), these columns offer exceptional performance in separating biologically derived compounds. • UltraCore: Ideal for standard small organic molecules, providing rapid separations for both synthetic and natural mixtures. • UltraCore Super: Equipped with encapsulated bonding technology for small organic molecules in extreme pH conditions, optimal for high pH buffer requirements. The Avantor® ACE® UltraCore columns present a versatile and high-efficiency solution for chromatographic separation needs, accommodating a wide range of molecular sizes and providing enhanced resolution and reduced analysis time. Their adaptability to both HPLC and UHPLC systems, combined with the advantages of solid-core technology, makes them an invaluable tool in analytical and preparative chromatography.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.91-109
• /
• 2024

Carbon nanotubes are drawing wide attention of research communities and several industries due to their versatile capabilities covering mechanical and other multi-physical properties. However, owing to extreme operating conditions of the synthesis process of these nanostructures, they are often imposed with certain inevitable structural deformities such as single vacancy and nanopore defects. These random irregularities limit the intended functionalities of carbon nanotubes severely. In this article, we investigate the mechanical behaviour of double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) under the influence of arbitrarily distributed single vacancy and nanopore defects in the outer wall, inner wall, and both the walls. Large-scale molecular simulations reveal that the nanopore defects have more detrimental effects on the mechanical behaviour of DWCNTs, while the defects in the inner wall of DWCNTs make the nanostructures more vulnerable to withstand high longitudinal deformation. From a different perspective, to exploit the mechanics of damage for achieving defect-induced shape modulation and region-wise deformation control, we have further explored the localized longitudinal and transverse spatial effects of DWCNT by designing the defects for their regional distribution. The comprehensive numerical results of the present study would lead to the characterization of the critical mechanical properties of DWCNTs under the presence of inevitable intrinsic defects along with the aspect of defect-induced spatial modulation of shapes for prospective applications in a range of nanoelectromechanical systems and devices.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.4255-4261
• /
• 2012

The present study was conducted to evaluate radioimmunoimaging (RII) and in vivo distribution of mixed antibodies $^{99m}Tc$-EGFR-mAb and $^{99m}Tc$-CD44-mAb in nude mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts. Single and mixed applications of the two radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were compared. Direct labeling of $^{99m}Tc$ was applied to radiolabel the EGFR and CD44 mAbs. The properties of the radiolabeled antibodies were then characterized. RII and assessment of the distribution of the antibodies in nude mice bearing lung adenocarcinoma xenografts were achieved by applying separate and combined doses of $^{99m}Tc$-EGFR-mAb and $^{99m}Tc$-CD44-mAb. The labeling rates of $^{99m}Tc$ for EGFR-mAb and CD44-mAb were $91.5%{\pm}3.8%$ and $92.3%{\pm}4.1%$ respectively, with specific activities of 2.8 and $2.9MBq/{\mu}g$, respectively, and radiochemical purities (RCP) of 96.5% and 96.2%. The radioactivity uptake of the combined application of both radiolabeled antibodies was clearly higher than with a single application of either alone. The relative values of target-to-nontarget (T/NT) measured through the regional interest (ROI) technique were $5.59{\pm}0.42$ (mixed antibodies), $2.78{\pm}0.20$ ($^{99m}Tc$-EGFR-mAb), and $2.28{\pm}0.16$ ($^{99m}Tc$-CD44-mAb) in the RII. The body distribution of the radiolabeled antibodies and their imaging results were basically identical. Application of the mixed antibodies with $^{99m}Tc$-EGFR-mAb and $^{99m}Tc$-CD44-mAb can increase the radioactivity uptake of tumor tissue, leading to more ideal target-to-nontarget ratios, and therefore superior results.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2015

Bio diesel has advantages to reduce GHG(Greenhouse Gas) compare with the fossil fuel by using oil comes from plant/animal sources and even waste such as used cook oil. The diversity of energy feeds brings the positive effects to secure the national energy mix. In this circumstance, micro-algae is one of the prospective source, though some technical barriers. We analyzed the bio diesel which was derived from Dunaliella tertiolecta LB999 through the BD100 quality specifications designated by the law. From that result, it is revealed that the oxidation stability is one of the properties to be improved. In order to find the reason for low oxidation stability, we analyzed the oxidation tendency of each FAME components through some methods(EN 14111, EN14112, EN16091). In this study, we could find the higher double bond FAME portion, the more oxidative property(C18:1${\ll}C18:3$) in bio diesel and main unsaturated FAME group is acted as the key component deciding the bio diesel's oxidation stability. It is proved experimentally that C18:3 FAME are oxidized easily under the modified accelerated oxidation test. We also figure out low molecular weight hydrocarbon and FAME were founded as a result of thermal degradation. Some alcohol and aldehydes were also made by FAME oxidation. In conclusion, it is necessary to find the way to improve the micro-algal bio diesel's oxidation stability.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.664-671
• /
• 2010

토마토풋마름병에 저항성인 $Solanum$ $lycopersicum$ H7996와 극도감수성인 $S.$ $pimpinellifolium$ WVa700 간의 교배를 통해 획득한 재조합순계계통 $F_9$ 세대의 188개체를 이용하여 유전자연관지도를 작성하였다. 유전자지도는 DarT 260종, AFLP 74종, RFLP 4종, SNP 1종 및 SSR 22종 등 총 361종의 마커로 구성되었다. 작성된 유전자지도는 총 13개의 연관군(LG)에 2042.7cM을 포함하였으며 마커간의 평균지도거리는 5.7cM이고 이중 DArT마커는 평균 7.9cM당 1개가 분포하였다. SSR 마커의 분포를 기초로 작성된 11개 연관군들은 토마토 염색체의5번과 12번을 제외한 10개 염색체에 해당하였다. DArT 마커는 다른 마커들처럼 토마토 유전체 상에 고르게 분포하였으며, 인접 마커와의 상호분석(${\leq}$ 0.5cM) 결과 클러스터링 빈도가 13.5%인 AFLP 마커보다 3배 정도 높은 38.8%의 빈도로 최고치를 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통해 토마토에서 최초로 DarT 마커를 이용한 유전자연관지도를 작성하였다.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.195-202
• /
• 1995

짱뚱어를 대상으로 산란기 전(6월), 산란기 후(9월)와 동면 직전(11월), 동면직후(4월)에 있어 자웅(雌雄) 각각에 대한 근육성분의 조성을 분석하고 주요 육(肉)성분에 대한 조직내 분포를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 비만도(肥滿度)는 암컷은 산란기 전, 숫컷은 산란기 후가 다소 높았으나 동면후는 가장 낮았다. 수분 함량은 자웅(雌雄) 모두가 산란기 후가 가장 적으나 동면 직후가 가장 많았고 조단백질은 산란기 후에, 조지방은 암컷은 산란기전, 수컷은 산란기 후가 가장 많아 수분과 조단백질 사이 (암컷, 수컷), 그리고 수분과 조지방 함량 사이(수컷)의 변화양상이 대체로 상보적(相補的) 관계를 이루었고 탄수화물함량은 자웅(雌雄) 모두가 동면직전에 다소 많았고 동면직후에 가장 적었다. 근육조직의 PAS염색강도가 산란기 전에는 비교적 근육조직 전반에 걸쳐 높게 나타났고 동면직후는 점액층과 표피층이 다소 높은 경향이었으나 뚜렷한 차이는 인지할 수 없었다. Sudan black B 염색결과, 지방질 염색반응이 산란기 전과 후에는 주로 점액층과 표피및 피하층에 나타났고, 피하조직 세포 사이에서도 다소 인지되었다. 동면 직전과 직후에는 조직전반에 걸쳐 염색반응이 산재된 경향이었으나 동면직후는 그 정도가 다소 적은 편이었다.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 경유를 2차 분사연료로 사용하는 HC-SCR 후처리장치에서 2차 분사연료의 바이오디젤 함량 변화(BD0, BD10, BD25)에 다른 NOx 변환특성을 분석하였다. 시험조건은 HC-SCR 장치의 특성, 2차 분사연료의 distillation 등을 고려하여 장치 전단온도는 $290^{\circ}C$, $320^{\circ}C$, $350^{\circ}C$로 설정하였으며, 공간속도는 55,000(1/h)으로 고정하고 연료분사량을 조절하였다. Distillation 시험결과, T90은 약 $350^{\circ}C$로 동일한 수준이었으며 바이오디젤 함량이 증가할수록 $350^{\circ}C$보다 낮은 조건에서 증발량이 감소한다는 결과를 얻었다. 2차 분사연료에 혼합된 바이오디젤 함량이 증가할수록 NOx 저감효율은 감소하는 것을 확인하였으며 저온조건($290^{\circ}C$)보다 고온조건($320^{\circ}C$, $350^{\circ}C$)에서 NOx 저감율의 차이가 더 크게 발생했다. 이러한 결과는 바이오디젤의 열악한 증발특성(Distillation)과 높은 분자량인 것으로 추측된다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.495-501
• /
• 2016

현재 사용되고 있는 전력 변압기의 절연유는 오랫동안 광유계에서 사용하였으나 최근 절연유 유출에 따른 환경오염인식 증가와 기존보다 고온 운전 조건에서도 절연성능 유지 필요성이 증가하면서 식물계 원료를 이용한 식물성 절연유의 사용이 검토되고 있다. 그러나 제품 특성상 생산 후 사용까지 일정기간 소요될 수 있음에도 불구하고 저장 환경에 의한 제품 변화의 연구는 아직 부족한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 환경에서 광유계 절연유와 식물성 절연유를 노출 시킨 후 12주간 주요 물성 분석을 통해 원료별, 환경 조건별 절연유의 산화특성을 비교 검토하였다. 이 과정에서 전산가, 수분함량 그리고 절연파괴전압과 같은 항목에서 원료별 저장환경별 물성변화가 측정되었다. 식물성 절연유의 경우 분자 구조적 특징으로 광유계 절연유와 비교하여 수분함량이 증가하는 경향이 나타났으나 자체의 높은 수분 포화력으로 절연성능에는 지장이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 저장환경에서는 원료에 관계없이 외부 환경에서 일광조사에 의한 절연유의 광분해가가 나타났고 이에 따른 다양한 물성 변화도 측정되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.469-476
• /
• 2017

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer (Asian ginseng) has a large nuclear genome size of > 3.5 Gbp in haploid genome equivalent of 24 chromosomes. Tandem repeats (TRs) occupy significant portions of the genome in many plants and are often found in specific genomic loci, making them a valuable molecular cytogenetic tool in discriminating chromosomes. In an effort to understand the P. ginseng genome structure, we characterized an ultrahigh copy 167-bp TR (Pg167TR) and explored its chromosomal distribution as well as its utility for chromosome identification. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction amplicons of Pg167TR were labeled, along with 5S and 45S rDNA amplicons, using a direct nick-translation method. Direct fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to analyze the chromosomal distribution of Pg167TR. Results: Recently, we reported a method of karyotyping the 24 chromosome pairs of P. ginseng using rDNA and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) bands. Here, a unique distribution of Pg167TR in all 24 P. ginseng chromosomes was observed, allowing easy identification of individual homologous chromosomes. Additionally, direct labeling of 5S and 45S rDNA probes allowed the identification of two additional 5S rDNA loci not previously reported, enabling the refinement of the P. ginseng karyotype. Conclusion: Identification of individual P. ginseng chromosomes was achieved using Pg167TR-FISH. Chromosome identification is important in understanding the P. ginseng genome structure, and our method will be useful for future integration of genetic linkage maps and genome scaffold anchoring. Additionally, it is a good tool for comparative studies with related species in efforts to understand the evolution of P. ginseng.