• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.458-462
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• 2005

The water content of skin was determined using a FT near infrared (NIR) spectrometer. NIR diffuse reflectance spectra were collected from hairless mouse, in vitro, and from human inner arm, in vivo. It was found that the variation of NIR absorbance band 1450 nm from OH vibration of water and 1940 nm from the combination involving OH stretching and OH deformation, depending on the absolute water content of separated hairless mouse skin, in vitro, using the FT NIR spectrometer. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was applied to develop a calibration model. The PLS model showed good correlation. For practical use of the evaluation of human skin moisture, the PLS model for human skin moisture was developed in vivo on the basis of the relative water content of stratum corneum from the conventional capacitance method. The PLS model predicted human skin moisture with a standard errors of prediction (SEP) of 3.98 at 1130-1830 nm range. These studies showed the possibility of a rapid and nondestructive skin moisture measurement using FT NIR spectrometer.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 1999

This study was conducted to develop a grain moisture meter using microwave free space transmission technique at X-band frequency. The 10.5GHz microwave oscillator using a dielectric resonator was designed and fabricated to transmit electromagnetic wave through standard horn antenna to a sample holder with the wetted Hwasung and Chuchung rough rice(12.00∼26.25%). To detect the output voltage of transmitted wave from receiving horn antenna, the detector was composed of shottkey diode and RF impedance matching circuit. The regression model for measurement of grain moisture content was developed. Its correlation coefficient and standard error of prediction (SEP) were found to be 0.9882 and 0.657 respectively between measure and predicted moisture contents.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2014

A ground-based microwave scatterometer has an advantage for monitoring soil moisture content using multi-polarization, multi-frequencies and various incidence angles. In this paper, ground-based multi-frequency (L-, C-, and X-band) polarimetric scatterometer system capable of making observations every 10 min was used to monitor the soil moisture conditions in a corn field over an entire growth cycle. Measurements of volumetric soil moisture were obtained and their relationships to the backscatter observations were examined. Time series of soil moisture content was not corresponding with backscattering coefficient pattern over the whole growth stage, although it increased until early July (Day Of Year, DOY 160). We examined the relationship between the backscattering coefficients from each band and soil moisture content of the field. Backscattering coefficients for all bands were not correlated with soil moisture content when considered over the entire stage ($r{\leq}0.48$). However, L-band Horizontal transmit and Horizontal receive polarization (HH) had a good correlation with soil moisture ($r=0.85^{**}$) when LAI was lower than 2. Prediction equations for soil moisture were developed using the L-HH data. Relation between L-HH and soil moisture shows linear pattern and related with soil moisture content ($R^2=0.77$). Results from this study show that backscattering coefficients of microwave scatterometer appear to be effective to estimate soil moisture content in the field level.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2016

Purpose: New low-cost oilseeds are needed to meet an ever-increasing demand for oil for food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. African oil bean seed is a tropical crop that is underutilized and has high oil yields, but there have been no studies conducted on its mechanical oil expression up to now. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of moisture content and seed dimensions on mechanical oil expression from the seeds. Methods: Fresh oil bean seeds were procured, de-hulled, and cleaned. Initial seed moisture content, obtained in accordance with the ASAE standard, was 12% dry basis (db). The seeds were further conditioned by dehydration and rehydration prior to oil expression to obtain four other moisture levels of 8, 10, 14, and 16% db. The major diameter of the seeds was measured using digital vernier calipers, and the seeds were classified into size dimensions (< 40, 41-45, 46-50, 51-55, and > 55 mm). The oil yield and expression efficiency were obtained in accordance with standard evaluation methods. Results: The highest oil yield and expression efficiency (47.74% and 78.96%, respectively) were obtained for a moisture content of 8% db and seed dimensions of < 40 mm, while the lowest oil yield and expression efficiency (41.35% and 68.28%, respectively) were obtained for a moisture content of 14% db and seed dimensions between 51-55 mm. A mathematical model was developed to predict oil yield for known moisture content and seed dimensions, with a coefficient of determination $R^2$ of 95% and the confidence level of the predictive model of 84.17%. The probability of prediction F ratio showed that moisture content influence was more significant than seed dimensions. Conclusions: The higher the moisture content and larger the seed dimensions, the lower the oil yield from African oil bean seeds.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2015

근적외선 반사율 분광분석법을 이용하여 리기다 소나무, 소나무, 잣나무, 백합나무의 섬유포화점 이하 함수율 예측모델을 개발하였다. 시편들을 다양한 평형함수율 상태로 유도한 후 1000 nm~2400 nm 파장영역의 반사율 스펙트럼을 획득하였다. 최적 함수율 예측 모델을 선정하기 위해 5가지의 수학적 전처리(moving average (smoothing point: 3), baseline, standard normal variate (SNV), mean normalization, Savitzky-Golay $2^{nd}$ derivatives (polynomial order: 3, smoothing point: 11))를 8가지 조합으로 각 시편의 반사율 스펙트럼에 적용하였다. 수학적 전처리 후, 변형된 스펙트럼을 이용하여 PLS 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 최적 함수율 예측 모델을 도출한 전처리 방법은 리기다 소나무와 소나무의 경우 moving average/SNV, 잣나무와 백합나무의 경우 moving average/SNV/Savitzky-Golay $2^{nd}$ derivatives이며, 모든 모델은 3개의 주성분을 포함하고 있었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1998

The objectives of this study were to develop models to predict the contents of moisture and protein of single kernel of brown rice based on visible/NIR (near-infrared) spectroscopic technique. The reflectance spectra of rice were obtained in the range of the wavelength 400 to 2,500 nm with 2 nm intervals. Multiple linear regression(MLR) and partial least squares (PLS) were used to develop the models. The MLR model using the first derivative spectra(10 nm of gap) with Standard Normal Variate and Detrending (SNV and Drt.) preprocessing showed the best results to predict moisture content of the sin린e kernel brown rice. To predict the protein content of a single kernel of brown ricer the PLS model used the raw spectra with multiplicative scatter correction(MSC) preprocessing over the wavelength of 1,100~1,500 nm.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.571-581
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• 2015

Soil moisture content is generally accepted as an important factor to understand the process of crop growth and is the basis of earth system models for analysis and prediction of the crop condition. To continuously monitor soil moisture changes at kilometer scale, it is demanded to create high resolution data from the current, several tens of kilometers. In this paper we described a downscaling method for Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) Soil Moisture Content (SMC) from 10 km to 30 m resolution using a soil texture and field measurements that have a high correlation with the SMC. As a result, the soil moisture variations of both data (before and after downscaling) were identical, and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of SMC exhibited the low values. Also, time series analyses showed that three kinds of SMC data (field measurement, original AMSR2, and downscaled AMSR2) had very similar temporal variations. Our method can be applied to downscaling of other soil variables and can contribute to monitoring small-scale changes of soil moisture by providing high resolution data.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2006

Moisture in a building is one of the most important variables influencing building performance, human health, and comfort of indoor environment. However, there are still lacks in the knowledge of understanding the moisture problem well and controlling moisture. Accordingly, in order to provide the fundamental data to control moisture contents in the indoor air, this study was to predict moisture contents transferred through building envelopes and indoor moisture generation rate. Moisture transfer model was made by physical relations in each node, and the indoor moisture generation rate was gained by comparing the model with experimental analyses. From the study, we found out that moisture generation rate was critical and day-periodic, so that we predicted the indoor moisture content by substituting the constant value gained from the average in a day for the moisture generation rate.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.391-401
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• 2001

토양수분의 공간적 분포를 예측하기 위하여 지표면 곡률관련인자, 지형흐름인자, 태양에너지 복사인자들을 계산하였다. GPS와 토양수분측정기를 활용한 산지유역에서의 토양수분측정은 토양수분의 공간적 분포자료의 구축을 가능하게 했다. 측정된 토양수분자료와 토양수분 추정인자 사이의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 다중회귀분석을 통한 토양수분 추정인자와 토양수분의 공간적 분포상황에 대한 검토는 수치고도모형(DEM)의 분석을 통한 토양수분 추정능력의 가능성과 한계성을 보여주었다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.350-357
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• 2008

This research investigates the bending properties to predict the work-energy to maximum load and impact bending energy from static bending and impact bending test. Specimens were prepared from lumber made of thinning crop-trees. Matched specimens were used for MC 12% and green moisture specimens to measure the effect of moisture content on the absorbed energy from static and impact bending tests. The bending properties such as MOE, MOR, etc. is a good predictor to investigate the work-energy and work-energy per unit volume from static bending and impact bending test. The impact bending energy is increased with increasing moisture content. However, the work to maximum load from static bending test is increasing with increasing the MC only for higher density species.