• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2002

The goal of this research was to an optimum conditions for the brown rice conditioning from data of milling characteristics after conditioning of the brown rice. The range of the initial moisture content of the sample was 13%, 14%, and 15%, the range of the increment of the moisture content was 0.4% and 0.8% with respect to the initial moisture content, and a ripe time after conditioning was eight hours. The results obtained from this research can be summarized as fellows. 1 The crack ratio after conditioning the brown rice with the initial moisture content was increased as the initial moisture content decreased and increment of the moisture content increased. The crack ratio of the milled rice was increased than that of the non-conditioned brown rice and decreased with the conditioned brown rice with the increment of the moisture content of 0.4% and 0.5%. 2. The broken rice ratio after conditioning the brown rice with the initial moisture content was a little higher than that of the non-conditioned brawn rice. The broken ratio of the conditioned brown rice with the increment of the moisture content of 0.4% was increased around 0.2∼0.4% with respect to the non-conditioned brown riced and the broken ratio of the brown rice was high with increased amount of water sprayed during conditioning process. 3. The moisture content of the milled rice after conditioning the brown rice with the initial moisture content increased around 0.3∼0.8% with respect to the non-conditioned milled rice. 4. The electric energy consumption on milling process with the conditioned brown rice by the initial moisture content was decreased 3.4∼39.1% with respect to the non-conditioned brown rice.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2001

This research conducted to investigate the variation of the moisture content, crack ratio, and hardness of the whole and cracked brown rice after conditioning at the initial moisture content of 13, 14, and 15% with time lapse. The conditioning was conducted by increasing the moisture content of the sample to 0.4 and 0.8%. For basic information and conditioning characteristics for the development of a conditioning machine for the brown rice, predicted models of above three properties were developed using a nonlinear regression analysis of SAS with Gauss-Newton, Gradient, and DUD methods. Results of this research could be summarized as follows. 1. No moisture variation occurred after 0.5 hour conditioning. 2. The increasement of the crack ratio was 7.6 and 17.5% with the sample increased the moisture content of 0.4 and 0.8%, respectively, after 8 hours conditioning. 3. The hardness of the conditioned whole grain of the brown rice decreased 0.82 and 1,000kg$\_$f/ with the sample increased moisture content 0.4 and 0.8%, respectively, after 8 hours conditioning with respect to the non-conditioned sample. 4. The hardness of the conditioned cracked grain of the brown rice decreased 0.54 and 0.81kg$\_$f/ with the sample increased moisture content 0.4 and 0.8%, respectively, after 8 hours conditioning with respect to the non-conditioned sample. The hardness of the broken grain was about 0.81∼1.88kg$\_$f/ lower than whole grain. 5. The moisture content variation, increasing rate of the crack ratio, and hardness of the cracked and whole grain was predicted as a negative exponential function. 6. Each predicted model with the nonlinear regression analysis, which was very accurate and had a very small amount of sum of square of error between experimental value and predicted value, which could be used for predicting the physical variation after conditioning.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.503-510
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• 2000

To improve the milling condition of brown rice a continuous type conditioning equipment was developed. To validate the performance of this machine the experimental operation was done at Sa-cheon RPC(Rice Processing Complex) using short grain rough. The initial moisture contents of brown rice were 15.0∼16.5%(w.b) and the flow rate of brown rice passing through the conditioner were 4,370kg per hour. The moisture content differences of brown rice between conditioned and non-conditioned were showed within 0.5%(w.b) This results means that the water injected to brown rice were absorbed to the surface of brown rice evenly. The moisture contents of conditioned treated milled rice were showed slightly higher than that of non-conditioned ones but it was considered that the conditioning process did not affected the weight increasing of milled rice by water supply. For initial moisture contents of 15.0∼16.5%(wb) brown rice it was found that the proper water supply rate was 0.115(cc-water)/(kg·%-brown rice) and the increments of whole rice were 2.2% compared to the non-conditioned ones. it was considered that the conditioning process did not influenced the whiteness of milled rice because the whiteness differences between conditioned and non-conditioned milled rice were negligible. About 18% of electric power which drives the abrasive type rice milling machine was saved at 0.115(cc-water)/(kg·%-brown rice) of water supply rate.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.908-916
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• 2000

In this paper, the characteristics of moisture ventilation in the lithium ion battery manufacturing dry room are studied numerically using standard $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model. Both the steady-state and the unsteady behaviors of moisture ventilation are analyzed by considering local and uniform moisture generation. In order to evaluate the characteristics of moisture ventilation, three scales of ventilation efficiency and characteristic ventilation time are presented from the numerical results. It was shown that moisture distribution was dependent strongly on the flow field. The characteristics of moisture ventilation were improved by 20% and 40% in terms of the 1st scale of ventilation efficiency (SVE1) and the 2nd scale of ventilation efficiency (SVE2), respectively, through the modifications of design variables such as the addition of inlets, outlets and partition. A significant improvement in the characteristic ventilation time and the moisture exhaust efficiency was also made by these modifications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 1993

1. Average moisture content of tobacco in BIB silo was about 19: 1% until 4hours conditioned time, and then moisture variation of tobacco after 2hr conditioned was very small. 2. Application of mathematical model for ordering system. 1) The constant K in the exponential equation varies inversely with both relative humidity and equilibrium moisture. 2) Time needed to order blending tobacco leaves with standard moisture from bulking and blending silo was 4 hours. 3) Reconstituted tobacco sheet had higher moisture absorption ratio than Oriental and Burley tobacco. 4) For minimize of conditioning time in BIB silo, the values of K and Mo given in this study can be used in equation(1) to calculate moisture absorption ratio and optimum conditioning time. 3. Average moisture content and water activity of conditioned tobacco for 4 hours in BIB silo was about 20% and 0.65. In this condition. microbial life will inhibite 4. Physical properties of conditioned tobacco in bulking and blending silo for 4hours was virtually no change.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

The temperature and moisture distributions in a dry room with a heat and moisture source -i.e., workers- are studied numerically by using a standard $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of heat and moisture ventilation inside the room, the heat removal capacity and the moisture exhaust efficiency are introduced. The effectiveness of ventilation control is analyzed by evaluating the temperature and humidity distributions in the room quantitatively. It is found that the mean absolute humidity inside the room is almost constant regardless of the models and the heat generation rates in this study range. This results from the fact that the moisture generation by the workers was relatively small. Through the modification of the design, 40% improvement in critical decay time was achieved.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.38-46
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• 1991

In the design of an electric power plant, the capacity to meet the peak load demand is one of the important factors to be considered. This peak load usually occurs when the most of the cooling air-conditioning systems are being operated during daytime in summer season. Therefore, it is necessary to construct an additional electric power plant and to develop the new air-conditioning system for relieving the peak load. This paper analysed the performance characteristics of this experimental regenerative ice energy system by means of a bundle of the heat-pipes. And the result of this analysis was applied to the simulation of an air-conditioning system model. Also, an operation program of moisture air was made according to air load and in order to computerize the air-conditioning system a CAD program was developed by the properties of moisture air.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.33-38
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• 1995

The rates of fixation of CCA-Type B and CCFZ in blocks of radiata pine sapwood were compared at various temperatures and conditioning methods (drying and nondrying conditioning). Also the time required to proper fixation of preservative components in the treated wood was estimated. Fixation was monitored by the rates of depletion of free hexavalent chromium in the cell lumens in the teated blocks. The rate of preservative fixation in wood was highly temperature dependent. The fixation rate was considerably accelerated by means of heating and complete fixation of hexavalent chromium was achieved within about 12 hours by heating at $60^{\circ}C$. The moisture content of treated wood during fixation apparently played an important role in the fixation process. The fixation rate of treated wood conditioned in nondrying conditions was much more faster than that of treated wood conditioned in drying conditions. particularly when the moisture content of treated wood was below fiber saturation point. Time required to full fixation could be predicted successfully using the fixation temperatures applied since the correlation between the fixation temperature and the fixation time was excellent. regardless of conditioning methods.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 1989

A new quaternary ammonium compound, hydrolyzed ginseng-saponin quaternary (HGSQ), from Korean ginseng saponin and 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride has been developed as a conditioning agent in cosmetics. This structure has a hydrophobic group from the aglycone of ginseng saponin which is biologically active and considered to be the most important component of the Korean ginseng. Its properties : surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), eye irritation, sorption onto hair, force reduction(%) and moisture retention effect were studied. Its cationic character allows the molecule to be more substantive than ginseng saponin. HGSQ had good physical properties and was safe. enough as a cosmetic raw material. Also half-head tests of HGSQ-containing shampoo were carried out to compare the conditioning effects in shampoos. HGSQ was an excellent conditioning agent in shampoo..

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.524-531
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• 2001

The temperature and humidity distribution in a dry room are studied numerically by using standard$\kappa-\varepsilon$ turbulence model. In order to evaluate effective heat and moisture ventilation characteristics inside the room, the heat removal capacity and moisture exhaust efficiency are introduced. An effective ventilation control is analyzed by evaluating quantitatively temperature and humidity distributions. It was found that the mean absolute humidity inside the room was almost constant with approximately 0.1905g/kg air regardless of the models and the heat generation rates. This was believed that the moisture generation by workers was relatively small. 40% improvement of the critical decay time was achieved, through the modifications of design variables.