• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2011

An airborne sensor is developed for remote sensing on an aerial vehicle (UV). The sensor is an optical payload for an eletro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) dual band camera that combines visible and IR imaging capabilities in a compact and lightweight package. It adopts a Ritchey-Chr$\'{e}$tien telescope for the common front end optics with several relay optics that divide and deliver EO and IR bands to a charge-coupled-device (CCD) and an IR detector, respectively. The EO/IR camera for dual bands is mounted on a two-axis gimbal that provides stabilized imaging and precision pointing in both the along and cross-track directions. We first investigate the mechanical deformations, displacements and stress of the EO/IR camera through finite element analysis (FEA) for five cases: three gravitational effects and two thermal conditions. For investigating gravitational effects, one gravitational acceleration (1 g) is given along each of the +x, +y and +z directions. The two thermal conditions are the overall temperature change to $30^{\circ}C$ from $20^{\circ}C$ and the temperature gradient across the primary mirror pupil from $-5^{\circ}C$ to $+5^{\circ}C$. Optical performance, represented by the modulation transfer function (MTF), is then predicted by integrating the FEA results into optics design/analysis software. This analysis shows the IR channel can sustain imaging performance as good as designed, i.e., MTF 38% at 13 line-pairs-per-mm (lpm), with refocus capability. Similarly, the EO channel can keep the designed performance (MTF 73% at 27.3 lpm) except in the case of the overall temperature change, in which the EO channel experiences slight performance degradation (MTF 16% drop) for $20^{\circ}C$ overall temperate change.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.154-158
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 적외선 광학장비의 가격 경쟁력을 확보하고자 상대적으로 저렴한 비용으로 제작이 가능한 PGM(Precision Glass Molding) 가공 렌즈로 구성된, 비냉각형 검출기용 적외선 광학계를 설계 및 제작하였다. PGM 가공이 가능하도록 광학계의 모든 렌즈에 칼코게나이드 유리(Chalcogenide Glass) 소재를 사용하였으며, 자체 비열화가 구현되도록 설계하였다. 또한 기존 가공법인 SPDT(Single Point Diamond Turning) 방법으로 제작된 렌즈로, 동일한 광학계를 구성하여 PGM 가공 렌즈의 성능 측정에 사용하였다. 제작된 두 광학계의 변조전달함수(MTF) 측정 결과와 실제 영상의 촬영 결과를 비교하여 분석한 결과, 가공 방법에 따른 렌즈의 성능 차이는 그리 크지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 향후 PGM 가공 렌즈의 사용이 증가하면, 적외선 광학장비의 가격 경쟁력이 향상될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to estimate the spherical wave parameters that appears in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image acquired over the coast of Chukk, Micronesia. The retrieval of ocean wave parameters consists of two main stages: the first is to determine the dominant wavelengths by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) over 16 sub-image areas and the second is to estimate wave slopes and heights using dispersion relationship under various water wave conditions. It is assumed that the spherical waves are linear and progressive. These type of waves have the range and azimuth components traveling in radial directions. The azimuth travelling waves are more affected by the velocity bunching mechanism and it is difficult to estimate the wave parameters for these affected areas in SAR imagery. In order to compensate these effects, the velocity bunching ratio (VBR) based on modulation transfer function (MTF) was compared with the intensity ratio for neighbor area in the radial direction in order to assign the spherical wave properties for azimuthally travelling waves. Dispersion relation provides the good estimates for the wave heights for all the selected sub-image areas in the range of 1m to 2m. VBR based on MTF was found to be 0.78 at wave height of 1.36m, while the intensity-based VBR was 0.69 which corresponds to the height of 1.75m. It can be said that the velocity bunching accounts for azimuthally travelling spherical waves and the difference results from the sea-bottom effects.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.256-260
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• 2014

Columnar-structured cesium iodide (CsI) scintillators doped with thallium (Tl) are frequently used as x-ray converters in medical and industrial imaging. In this study we investigated the imaging characteristics of CsI:Tl films with various reflective layers-aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), and titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) powder-coated on glass substrates. We used two effusion-cell sources in a thermal evaporator system to fabricate CsI:Tl films on substrates. The scintillators were observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and scintillation characteristics were evaluated on the basis of the emission spectrum, light output, light response to x-ray dose, modulation transfer function (MTF), and x-ray images. Compared to control films without a reflective layer, CsI:Tl films with reflective layers showed better sensitivity and light collection efficiency, and the film with a $TiO_2$ reflective layer showed the best properties.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to measure the radiation exposure and image quality of various cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) machines under common clinical conditions and to analyze the correlation between them. Materials and Methods: Seven CBCT machines used frequently in clinical practice were selected. Because each machine has various sizes of fields of view (FOVs), 1 large FOV and 1 small FOV were selected for each machine. Radiation exposure was measured using a dose-area product (DAP) meter. The quality of the CBCT images was analyzed using 8 image quality parameters obtained using a dental volume tomography phantom. For statistical analysis, regression analysis using a generalized linear model was used. Results: Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) noise and modulation transfer function (MTF) 10% showed statistically significant correlations with DAP values, presenting positive and negative correlations, respectively (P<0.05). Image quality parameters other than PMMA noise and MTF 10% did not demonstrate statistically significant correlations with DAP values. Conclusion: As radiation exposure and image quality are not proportionally related in clinically used equipment, it is necessary to evaluate and monitor radiation exposure and image quality separately.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2016

엑스선유방촬영술은 다양한 유방질환 중 석회화 병변을 진단하는데 가장 효과적인 방법이다. 환자의 의료피폭 저감과 진단에 필요한 최적의 영상을 얻기 위해서는 성능유지를 지속적으로 관리해야 한다. 엑스선유방촬영술에서 엑스선을 발생시키는 양극의 경사각도는 중심선을 기준으로 하기 때문에 조사야 내의 위치에 따라 엑스선관의 유효초점이 미세하게 달라질 수 있어 공간분해능의 차이가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 엑스선유방촬영장치에서 검출기 위치에 따른 LSF를 측정하여 MTF를 계산함으로써 공간분해능 변화에 대해서 연구하였다. 와이어 직경에 대한 변화에서 $50{\mu}m$ 직경의 와이어의 경우 가장 높은 공간주파수 값을 나타냈으며 검출기의 픽셀보다 작은 직경을 갖는 와이어를 사용해야 검출기의 공간주파수에 따른 응답을 바르게 구할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 조사야 내의 검출기의 위치에 따라서 공간주파수는 중심부분의 와이어가 나머지 와이어보다 우수한 MTF 특성을 보였으나, 그 차이는 미소하게 나타났다. 또한 중앙부분에서 반치폭 또는 유효초첨이 가장 작게 나타났으며 중앙에서 벗어날수록 반치폭이 증가하여 공간분해능이 낮아진 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

In order to deduce the difficulty of fixing the Ritchey-Chretien (R-C) dual reflective optical system and enhance the stability of the secondary mirror, a compact integral structure is presented here composed of two transmitting and two reflective aspheric surfaces. The four surfaces were manufactured from a single germanium lens and integrated together. The two reflective surfaces formed by coating the inner reflecting films were assembled in one lens. It makes the installation of the two mirrors easier and the structure of the secondary mirror more stable. A design of mid-wave infrared (MWIR) compact imaging system is presented with a spectral range chosen as $3.7-4.8{\mu}m$. The effective focal length is f=90 mm. The field of view (FOV) for the lens is $4.88^{\circ}$. It has good imaging capability with Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of all field of view more than 0.55 close to the diffraction limitation. Outdoor experiments were carried out and it is shown that the integral catadioptric optical system performs well on imaging.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 최근 비디오 스트리밍 응용을 위해 만들어진 FGS((me granular scalability) 방식에서 주어진 비트율에서 인간 시각에 좀더 나은 화질을 얻기 위해 주파수 가중 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방식에서는 각 DCT 계수의 사람 눈에 미치는 중요도를 고려하여 구해진 주파수 가중행렬을 비트평면 부호화를 사용하는 FGS 상향계층 부호화 동작에 적용될 수 있도록 주파수 천이 행렬로 바꾸어서 가중치를 부여한다. 본 논문에서 제안된 주파수 가중 방법을 통해 화질의 향상, 더 미세한 계위 부호화, 시간 영역에서 화질의 균일화를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 주파수 가중 방법을 통해 얻은 화질 개선을 설명하기 위해 기존에 사용하던 PSNR(peak signal to noise ratio) 대신에 인간 시각적인 관점에서의 오차만을 고려한 JNDE(just noticeable difference ewer)를 Weber의 법칙을 근거로 하여 새롭게 제안하였다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2009

A compact imaging spectrometer (COMIS) is currently under development for use in the STSAT3 microsatellite. COMIS images the Earth's surface and atmosphere with ground sampling distances of ${\sim}30m$ in the $18{\sim}62$ spectral bands ($4.0{\sim}1.05{\mu}m$) for the nadir looking at an altitude of 700 km. COMIS has an imaging telescope and an imaging spectrometer box into which three electronics PCBs are embedded. These are designed into a single assembly with dimensions of 35(L) $\times$ 20(W) $\times$ 12(H) $cm^3$ and a mass of 4.3 kg. Optomechanical design efforts are focused on manufacturing ease, alignment, assembly, testing and improved robustness in space environments. Finite element analysis demonstrates that COMIS will survive in launch and space environments and perform the system modulation transfer function (MTF) in excess of 0.29 at the Nyquist frequency of the CCD detector (38.5 lines-per-mm).

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.693-704
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• 2012

Space-born remote sensing camera systems tend to be developed to have very high performances. They are developed to provide extremely small ground sample distance, wide swath width, and good MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) at the expense of big volume, massive weight, and big power consumption. Therefore, the camera system occupies relatively big portion of the satellite bus from the point of mass and volume. However, the camera systems for lunar exploration don't need to have such high performances. Instead, it should be versatile for various usages under various operating environments. It should be light and small and should consume small power. In order to be used for national program of lunar exploration, electro-optical versatile camera system, called MAEPLE (Multi-Application Electro-Optical Payload for Lunar Exploration), has been designed after the derivation of camera system requirements. A ground model of the camera system has been manufactured to identify and secure relevant key technologies. The ground model was mounted on an aircraft and checked if the basic design concept would be valid and versatile functions implemented on the camera system would worked properly. In this paper, results of design and functional test performed with the field campaigns and air-born imaging are introduced.